Unit 1 Chapter 1:New World Beginnings 33,000 BCE - 1769 CE

AP US

Hamer

September 7, 2011

Points to Cover (write these down!)

• Who were the Native Americans?

• Why did Europeans sail across the oceans? And why did they continue to explore the Americas?

• How were the Europeans able to dominate so much of the Americas so quickly?

• What were the differences between Spanish and French attitudes towards the Americas?

1. The Beginning

Many scientists believe that ancient humans crossed the land bridge from Siberia to Alaska and then proceeded

south to settle in the Americas

2. Native American Cultures

• Based on surroundings for food and shelter• Some major civilizations: Anasazi, Cahokia (Mound

Builders of Ohio), Cherokee, Incas, Aztec, Maya

2a. Pueblo

2b. Cahokia

2c. Three Sisters

2d. First Encounters

• The Spanish first encountered the Incas, Aztecs, and the remains of the Mayans

3. Why did Europeans Travel?• Trade with the East, which was

controlled by Italy so Spain and Portugal

tried other ways to get there.

4. How could Europeans Travel?

• Mariner’sAstrolabe

• Renaissance = Printing Press = Information

• Caravel

• Mariner’s Compass

5. Columbus - 1492

6. Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

Spain

Portugal

7. Cortes and the Aztecs 1519-1522

8. Pizarro and the Incas 1531-1532

Incan Road System

AtahualpaPizarro

9. How were the Europeans Able to Dominate so Quickly?

• Horses

• Steel

• Guns

• Germs

Document 3 – Indian population charts will help you see the rate of decline among the native populations

10a. Spanish Colonization

• Goal: Colonization– Sent men to establish outposts and cities– Intermarried with native population

• Goal Change: from military conquest to Catholicization (around 1598 with Onate’s journey to NM)

– One example is missions in California

• Results:– Spanish imposed their laws, religion, and culture on

the area + reduced resistance (mostly)

10b. French Involvement

• Goal: Find NW Passage– Verrazano and Cartier into Canada– #goalfail

• Goal: Colonize Canada– Quebec – poor relationship with Indians or issues

with Spanish stopped this

• Goal: Fur Trade– Success! Based on fairness in trading– Allowed re-colonization of Quebec by Champlain

and his alliance with local tribes

10c. Differences in Exploration and Colonization

• Spanish wanted to colonize

• French wanted trade - few colonies