Post on 15-Apr-2017
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UNIT 1. LIVING ORGANISMS
WHAT TO LEARN Chemical composition of living organisms. The vital functions The structure of cells The type of cells The cell theory
WHAT ARE LIVING THINGS?Organisms with a similar chemical composition, perform three vital functions and are made of cells.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
SIMPLE MOLECULES Ex: Water
and minerals
COMPLEX MOLECULES Ex: Sugar,
lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
THE THREE VITAL FUNCTIONS
NUTRITION INTERACTION REPRODUCTION
Take substances
from the environment
Perceive changes in the environment called stimuli and react to
them
Produce descendents
WHAT IS A CELL?
All living things are made of cells.
It’s the basic unit of life and it can perform the three vital
functions.
Types of living things
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
ONE CELLEx: Bacteria MANY CELLS
Ex: A dog
They can form groups called COLONIES.
They have TISSUES, ORGANS OR SYSTEMS
LIFE KINGDOMS
MONERA(Unicellular)Ex: Bacteria
and Cyanobacteri
a
PROTOCTISTA(Unicellular and
multicellular)Ex: Protozoa and algae FUNGI
(Unicellular and multicellular)
Ex: Yeast and mushroom
ANIMALS(Multicellular)Ex: A monkey
PLANTS(Multicellular)
Ex: An apple tree
MULTICELLULAR: LEVELS OF ORGANISATION
WITH NO TISSUES
WITH TISSUES BUT NOT ORGANS
WITH ORGANS BUT NOT SYSTEMS
WITH SYSTEMS
-Multicellular algae-Mushrooms-Moulds-Sponges
-Moss-Polyps-Jellyfish
-Gymnosperms-Ferns-Angiosperms-Planarians
-Fish-Reptils-mammals-Birds-Amphibians-Molluscs-Arthropods
THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF ALL CELLS The plasmatic membrane: It surrounds the cell. The cytoplasm: It’s a jelly-like substance. The genetic material (DNA): It controls the
cell’s activities.
TYPES OF CELLS PROKARYOTIC CELLS: (Monera Kingdom)
The DNA floats in the citoplasm. They have a cell wall. Sometimes they have flagella.
EUKARYOTIC CELLS (Protoctist, Fungi, Plant, Animal Kingdom) The DNA is in the nucleus. They have a lot of organelles, like mitochondria. Two types:
Plant cells: They have chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis and a rigid cell wall.
Animal cells: They have centrioles to divide the cell. They have cilia and flagella to move around.
Flagellum Cell wall
Plasmatic membrane
Genetic material Fimbria
Ribosomes
PROKARYOTIC CELL
ºEUKARYOTIC CELL
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Membrane
Centrioles
Vacuole
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Cell wall
What type of cells are they?
C
A B
ACTIVITIES1. The following sentences are false, correct
them in your notebook.a)All the living things except bacteria are made of
cells.b)All cells have plasmatic membrane, cytoplasm and a
nucleus.c)Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, but they do not have
any other organelles.d)Eukaryotic plant cells have chloroplasts, but they do
not have mitochondria.2. Why was the microscope important in the
discovery of cells?
3. Classify the following compounds as organic or inorganic:
Glucids:Water:Vitamins:Proteins:Lipids:Nucleic acids:Mineral salts:
4. Match the terms in the three columns:1. Unicellular and prokaryotic2.Unicellular and eukaryotic3. Multicellular without tissues4.Multicellular with tissues but not organs5.Multicellular with organs but not systems6. Multicellular with systems
1. Moss2. Angiosperms3. Arthropod4.Yeast5.Mammal6.Amphibian7.Bacteria8.Sponge9.Algae
a. Monerab. Protoctistc. Fungid.Plantse.Animals
5. Indicate which function the following actions belong to:
a) Eating a fruitb) Running away from a predatorc) Matingd) Emigrating to a warmer areae) Drinking water from a riverf) When flowers open to receive more sunlightg) Laying eggs
6. Complete the table using a X to show if the organelle is present.
PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC ANIMAL
EUKARYOTIC PLANT
Cell wallPlasmatic membraneCytoplasmNucleusDNAMitochondriaChloroplastsCentriolesRibosomes