This work is supported by the National Science Foundation’s Transforming Undergraduate Education in STEM program within the Directorate for Education and Human Resources (DUE-1245025).

UNIT 3 FIGURES

Shaded relief map of Greenland with four study sites circled.

Average air temperatures over Greenland from January – August in 2001 and 2010. Data are compiled from AVHRR and processed by J. Comiso (pers. comm.) We selected this monthly range due to data availability. Note that 2010 was an anomalously warm summer in Greenland.

Snowmelt data for each 25 km pixel is calculated from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) passive microwave radiometer, which acquires daily brightness temperatures. The National Snow and Ice Data Center provides daily updates of Greenland surface melt at nsidc.org/greenland-today/.

Greenland ice velocity, created using multiple InSAR scenes between 2008–2009 (Rignot and Mouginot, 2012)

Petermann Glacier ice velocity in 2000–2001 (left) and the difference in ice velocity from 2000–2001 and 2008–2009. Maps are created using InSAR-derived velocity maps freely available at the NSIDC (http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0478/) and described in Joughin et al., 2010.

Glacialflow

Jakobshavn Isbrae ice velocity in 2000–2001 top) and the difference in ice velocity from 2000–2001 and 2008–2009. Maps are created using InSAR-derived velocity maps freely available at the NSIDC (http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0478/) and described in Joughin et al., 2010.

Glacialflow

Helheim Glacier ice velocity in 2000–2001 (top) and the difference in ice velocity from 2000–2001 and 2008–2009. Maps are created using InSAR-derived velocity maps freely available at the NSIDC (http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0478/) and described in Joughin et al., 2010.

Glacialflow

NE interior in 2000–2001 (top) and the difference in ice velocity from 2000–2001 and 2008–2009. Maps are created using InSAR-derived velocity maps freely available at the NSIDC (http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0478/) and described in Joughin et al., 2010.

Glacialflow

Surface elevation change map (modified from Pritchard et al, 2009). ICESat, a satellite altimeter, acquires elevation data along the flight tracks shown as lines on the figure. This map was produced by calculating the difference in elevation between 2003 and 2007.

Ice elevation time series for Jakobshavn from ICESat and airborne altimetry. Figure modified from Csatho et al., 2014.

Ice elevation time series for Helheim from ICESat and airborne altimetry. Figure modified from Csatho et al., 2014.

Ice elevation time series for Petermann Glacier from ICESat and airborne altimetry. Figure modified from Csatho et al., 2014.

Ice elevation time series for NE Greenland (interior) from ICESat and airborne altimetry. Figure modified from Csatho et al., 2014.

GRACE time series (after Velicogna and Wahr, 2008) for Greenland, 2002–2012. Left Y-axis shows Gt of ice (1 Gt ~1 km3 water equivalent).

Modified from http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030400/a030478/