Unit 4Unit 4

The Nightingale and the RoseThe Nightingale and the Rose

BackgroundBackground Information Information

Fairy talesFairy tales What is it?What is it? Hans Andersen & Grimm BrothersHans Andersen & Grimm Brothers FeaturesFeatures

Oscar O’WildeOscar O’Wilde Art’s for art’s sakeArt’s for art’s sake

Fairy TalesFairy Tales

What is your favourite fairy tale?What is your favourite fairy tale?

                 

   

                 

   

                 

   

What is it?????What is it?????

Witches and QueensWitches and Queens giants and elves (giants and elves ( 精灵精灵 ) ) princes and princessesprinces and princesses talking animalstalking animals

What is it?????What is it?????

Marvelous and magical things happen: Marvelous and magical things happen: a boy may become a birda boy may become a bird a princess may sleep for a hundred years a princess may sleep for a hundred years

What is it?????What is it?????

Always same ending and similar theme: Always same ending and similar theme: truth prevails over deceptiontruth prevails over deception generosity is ultimately rewardedgenerosity is ultimately rewarded hard work overcomes obstacleshard work overcomes obstacles love, mercy and kindness are the greatest love, mercy and kindness are the greatest

powers of allpowers of all

Hans Christian AndersenHans Christian Andersen

““The King of Tales”The King of Tales” The Little MermaidThe Little Mermaid The Emperor’s New ClothesThe Emperor’s New Clothes The Ugly DucklingThe Ugly Duckling The Princess and The PeaThe Princess and The Pea

Grimm BrothersGrimm Brothers

CinderellaCinderella Sleeping BeautySleeping Beauty The Frog KingThe Frog King The Fisherman & His WifeThe Fisherman & His Wife Snow WhiteSnow White Little Red-CapLittle Red-Cap

Features of fairy talesFeatures of fairy tales

frequent use of personificationfrequent use of personification symbolic meaning given to wordssymbolic meaning given to words vivid, simple narrationvivid, simple narration repetitive pattern usedrepetitive pattern used

Oscar O’WildeOscar O’Wilde

(1854-1900)(1854-1900)

Oscar O’WildeOscar O’Wilde

Irish-born novelist, playwright, poet, and criticIrish-born novelist, playwright, poet, and critic Known for witty, often paradoxical, sayings that Known for witty, often paradoxical, sayings that

lampoon the social molampoon the social moddes and behavior of the es and behavior of the English upper classes of his timeEnglish upper classes of his time

Championing the aesthetic movement, which is Championing the aesthetic movement, which is based on the idea of art for art’s sakebased on the idea of art for art’s sake

Oscar O’WildeOscar O’Wilde

““As a youngster he was exposed to the brilliant As a youngster he was exposed to the brilliant literary talk of the day at his mother’s Dublin literary talk of the day at his mother’s Dublin salon.” salon.” 

““As an aesthete, the eccentric young Wilde As an aesthete, the eccentric young Wilde wore long hair and velvet knee breeches wore long hair and velvet knee breeches （（ 天天鹅 绒 及 膝 马 裤 ）鹅 绒 及 膝 马 裤 ） . . His rooms were filled with His rooms were filled with various objects such as sunflowers, peacock various objects such as sunflowers, peacock feathers, and blue china; Wilde claimed to feathers, and blue china; Wilde claimed to aspire to the perfection of the china.” aspire to the perfection of the china.” 

OscarOscar O’WildeO’Wilde

Only novel: Only novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891)(1891)

Four most distinctive and engaging Four most distinctive and engaging comedies: comedies: Lady Windermere’s FanLady Windermere’s Fan (1892) (1892) A Woman of No ImportanceA Woman of No Importance (1893) (1893) An Ideal HusbandAn Ideal Husband (1895) (1895) The Importance of Being Earnest The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)(1895)

Quotes fromQuotes from WildeWilde

Men become old, but they never become good.  Men become old, but they never become good.  Lady Lady Windermere's Fan.Windermere's Fan.

A man who moralizes is usually a hypocrite, and a woman A man who moralizes is usually a hypocrite, and a woman who moralizes is invariably plain.  who moralizes is invariably plain.  Lady Windermere's Fan.Lady Windermere's Fan.

Rich bachelors should be heavily taxed.  It is not fair that Rich bachelors should be heavily taxed.  It is not fair that some men should be happier than others.  some men should be happier than others.  In In Conversation.Conversation.

Men are horribly tedious when they are good husbands, Men are horribly tedious when they are good husbands, and abominably conceited when they are not.  and abominably conceited when they are not.  A Woman A Woman of No Importance.of No Importance.

Quotes from WildeQuotes from Wilde

A bad man is the sort of man who admires A bad man is the sort of man who admires innocence, and a bad woman is the sort of innocence, and a bad woman is the sort of woman a man never gets tired of.  woman a man never gets tired of.  A Woman of A Woman of No Importance.No Importance.

  Women are meant to be loved, not to be Women are meant to be loved, not to be understood.  understood.  The Sphinx Without a Secret.The Sphinx Without a Secret.

The more one analyses people, the more all The more one analyses people, the more all reasons for analysis disappear.  Sooner oreasons for analysis disappear.  Sooner orr later one comes to that dreadful universal thing later one comes to that dreadful universal thing called human nature.  called human nature.  The Decay of Lying.The Decay of Lying.

Quotes from WildeQuotes from Wilde

We are each our own devil, and we make this We are each our own devil, and we make this world our hell.  world our hell.  The Duchess of Padua.The Duchess of Padua.

The world is a stage, but the play is badly cast.  The world is a stage, but the play is badly cast.  Lord Arthur Savile's Crime.Lord Arthur Savile's Crime.

To love oneself is the beginning of a life-long To love oneself is the beginning of a life-long romance. romance. Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of the Young.the Young.

Young men want to be faithful and are not; old men Young men want to be faithful and are not; old men want to be faithless and cannot.   want to be faithless and cannot.   The Picture of The Picture of Dorian Gray.Dorian Gray.

Art for Art’s SakeArt for Art’s Sake

Art for Art’s SakeArt for Art’s Sake

should not paint or write for financial, political or should not paint or write for financial, political or religious reasons. religious reasons.

“ “ Ah, I have read all that the wise men have Ah, I have read all that the wise men have written … my life is made wretched.” (para.3)written … my life is made wretched.” (para.3)

“ “ She has form. That cannot be denied. But has She has form. That cannot be denied. But has she got feeling? I’m afraid not. In fact, like most she got feeling? I’m afraid not. In fact, like most artists, she is all style without any sincerity.” artists, she is all style without any sincerity.” (para.34)(para.34)

Art for Art’s SakeArt for Art’s Sake

““Art for art’s sake,” said Somerset Maugham , Art for art’s sake,” said Somerset Maugham , “makes no more sense than gin for gin’s sake.” “makes no more sense than gin for gin’s sake.” The artist’s works, being part of his human The artist’s works, being part of his human activities, must be guided by his sense of moral activities, must be guided by his sense of moral responsibility, by what he conceives to be true, responsibility, by what he conceives to be true, good and beautiful.good and beautiful.

Word StudyWord Study

1.1.            wretchedwretched 2.2.            for want offor want of 3.3.            ballball 4.4.            flingfling 5.5.            flutterflutter 6.6.            something ofsomething of 7.7.            soarsoar 8.8.            plotplot

9.      9.      bloom/blossombloom/blossom 10.      chill/chilly10.      chill/chilly 11.      stain11.      stain 12.      film12.      film 13.      linger13.      linger 14.      go with14.      go with 15.      dance to the sound of15.      dance to the sound of 16.      delicate16.      delicate   

1. wretched1. wretched adj. 1)very unhappy or illadj. 1)very unhappy or ill The wretched man has lost all his money. The wretched man has lost all his money. （不（不

幸的男人）幸的男人） a wretched cripple a wretched cripple （可怜的跛子）（可怜的跛子） feel wretched after illness feel wretched after illness （病后感到苦恼）（病后感到苦恼） 2) (only before noun) making you feel annoyed 2) (only before noun) making you feel annoyed

or angryor angry a wretched headache a wretched headache 剧烈的头痛剧烈的头痛 What wretched weather! What wretched weather! 多么讨厌的天气！多么讨厌的天气！

2. 2. for want of: for the lack offor want of: for the lack of For want of a better word, let’s call it Me-firstism. For want of a better word, let’s call it Me-firstism.

(As I can’t think of a better word, let’s call it me-(As I can’t think of a better word, let’s call it me-firstism.)firstism.)

For want of something better to do she decided For want of something better to do she decided to try gardening. (As she could not find anything to try gardening. (As she could not find anything more interesting to do, she decided to try more interesting to do, she decided to try gardening.) gardening.)

3. 3. ballball n. a large formal occasion at which people dancen. a large formal occasion at which people dance give a ball/attend a ball/danced all night at give a ball/attend a ball/danced all night at

the ballthe ball have a ballhave a ball: (informal) to have a very good time: (informal) to have a very good time We had a ball at the party last night.We had a ball at the party last night. Have a ball on your trip.Have a ball on your trip. These are films to have a ball with. These are films to have a ball with.

4.4. fling fling 1) to throw something quickly with a lot of force: 1) to throw something quickly with a lot of force:

fling sth. at/into/onfling sth. at/into/on She flung her shoe at the cat.She flung her shoe at the cat. He flung his book on the table.He flung his book on the table. 2) 2) fling oneself intofling oneself into: to begin to do something : to begin to do something

using a lot of effort.using a lot of effort. The little boy flung himself into his mother’s arms.The little boy flung himself into his mother’s arms. She flung herself down on the sofa. She flung herself down on the sofa.

After the divorce he flung himself into his work and After the divorce he flung himself into his work and tried to forget her.tried to forget her.

3) fling a door/window etc. open: to quickly and 3) fling a door/window etc. open: to quickly and suddenly open a door, window etc.suddenly open a door, window etc.

We flung open all the windows.We flung open all the windows.

5. 5. flutterflutter 1) if a bird or insect flutters its wings or if its wings 1) if a bird or insect flutters its wings or if its wings

flutter, its wings move quickly and lightly up and flutter, its wings move quickly and lightly up and down.down.

Little sparrows fluttered among the branches. Little sparrows fluttered among the branches. 小小麻雀在枝条间飞来飞去。麻雀在枝条间飞来飞去。

Butterflies fluttered from flower to flower.Butterflies fluttered from flower to flower. 2) To wave or move gently in the air:2) To wave or move gently in the air: Dead leaves fluttered slowly to the ground.Dead leaves fluttered slowly to the ground. The telegram fluttered from his finger to the floor.The telegram fluttered from his finger to the floor.

3) If your heart or your stomach flutters, you 3) If your heart or your stomach flutters, you feel very excited or nervous.feel very excited or nervous.

His heart fluttered with fear. His heart fluttered with fear. 他因害怕而心跳得他因害怕而心跳得厉害。厉害。

The dying man’s pulse fluttered feebly. The dying man’s pulse fluttered feebly. 垂死者垂死者的脉搏微弱地跳动着。的脉搏微弱地跳动着。

6. 6. something ofsomething of: :

in some sense to be, but not fully deserving the in some sense to be, but not fully deserving the namename

He is something of an economist among us He is something of an economist among us because his grandfather used to own a little because his grandfather used to own a little store.store.

She is something of a dentist in our village She is something of a dentist in our village although the method she uses os quite crude.although the method she uses os quite crude.

7. 7. cyniccynic: :

someone who is not willing to believe that people someone who is not willing to believe that people have good, honest, or sincere reasons for doing have good, honest, or sincere reasons for doing something, who believes that everybody is something, who believes that everybody is motivated by selfishnessmotivated by selfishness

Even the most hardened cynic must agree that Even the most hardened cynic must agree that charity does some good. charity does some good.

cynicalcynical: adj. [+about] : adj. [+about]

unwilling to believe that people have good, unwilling to believe that people have good, honest, or sincere reasons for doing somethinghonest, or sincere reasons for doing something

He was getting harder and more cynical about life. He was getting harder and more cynical about life. 他变得更加冷酷和愤世嫉俗。他变得更加冷酷和愤世嫉俗。

The enormous difficulties make him cynical about The enormous difficulties make him cynical about the feasibility of the idea. the feasibility of the idea. 由于困难很大，他对这由于困难很大，他对这个主意是否可行持怀疑态度。 个主意是否可行持怀疑态度。

88 ． ． soarsoar:: 1) to fly, especially very high up in the sky1) to fly, especially very high up in the sky

an eagle soaring into the sky an eagle soaring into the sky 搏击长空的鹰搏击长空的鹰 soar over the ocean soar over the ocean 在大海上空翱翔在大海上空翱翔 The second missile soared into space. The second missile soared into space. 第二枚导弹升入第二枚导弹升入

太空。太空。 2) (amounts, prices etc.) to increase quickly to a high level2) (amounts, prices etc.) to increase quickly to a high level

The birthrate continues to soar. The birthrate continues to soar. 出生率继续剧增。出生率继续剧增。 The figures for unemployment have soared above the 1 The figures for unemployment have soared above the 1

million mark. million mark. 失业人数已猛增到失业人数已猛增到 100100 万以上。万以上。

soaring: adj. a soaring skyscraper soaring: adj. a soaring skyscraper 高耸入云的摩高耸入云的摩天大楼天大楼soaring prices soaring prices 飞涨的物价飞涨的物价

99 ． ． plot:plot:

1) a small piece of land1) a small piece of land

a vegetable plota vegetable plot 蔬菜地蔬菜地 /a cemetery plot/a cemetery plot 墓地墓地 /a /a plot of barley plot of barley 一块大麦地一块大麦地

2) the set of connected events that a story, film 2) the set of connected events that a story, film etc is based on:etc is based on:

The plot of “Twin Peaks” was so complicated The plot of “Twin Peaks” was so complicated that I couldn’t follow it.that I couldn’t follow it.

3) a secret plan, involving several people, to do 3) a secret plan, involving several people, to do something harmful or illegal: [+to]something harmful or illegal: [+to]

a plot against the government/ a plot to a plot against the government/ a plot to assassinate the Presidentassassinate the President

hatch a plothatch a plot: start making a plan: start making a plan

99 ． ． bloombloom

1)n. a flower or flowers1)n. a flower or flowers

the bloom of a cherry tree/green leaves with red the bloom of a cherry tree/green leaves with red blooms blooms 绿叶红花绿叶红花

in (full) bloomin (full) bloom: with the flowers fully open: with the flowers fully open

The roses are in blooms.The roses are in blooms.

the bloom of youththe bloom of youth: (literary) the best or : (literary) the best or happiest time when you are younghappiest time when you are young

in the bloom of youthin the bloom of youth 在青春焕发时期在青春焕发时期

2) v. 2) v.

That bush will bloom soon.That bush will bloom soon.

The friendship between them bloomed when The friendship between them bloomed when they found out how many interests they shared.they found out how many interests they shared.

cf. cf. blossomblossom: usually refer to the flower on fruit : usually refer to the flower on fruit trees or bushtrees or bush

a blossoming apple treea blossoming apple tree

This tree had an excellent blossom this year. This tree had an excellent blossom this year.

10. chill10. chill

v. if you chill something such as food or drink or v. if you chill something such as food or drink or if it chills, it becomes very cold but does not if it chills, it becomes very cold but does not freezefreeze

Chill the champagne in a bucket of ice.Chill the champagne in a bucket of ice.

Serve the melon chilled.Serve the melon chilled.

Nothing could chill his love for her.Nothing could chill his love for her.

Enthusiasm chilled with the news.Enthusiasm chilled with the news. 消息传来，热消息传来，热情顿时低落下来。情顿时低落下来。

n. a feeling of coldness; a feeling of fear caused n. a feeling of coldness; a feeling of fear caused by something that is very unpleasant or cruelby something that is very unpleasant or cruel

There’s a real chill in the air.There’s a real chill in the air.

The bad news put a chill into us all.The bad news put a chill into us all.

adj. unpleasantly coldadj. unpleasantly cold

a chill winda chill wind 一股冷风一股冷风 chillingchilling: a chilling wind/ a chilling tale: a chilling wind/ a chilling tale 恐怖故事恐怖故事 / /

a chilling replya chilling reply 冷冰冰的答复冷冰冰的答复

chilly: chilly:

1) cold enough to make you feel uncomfortable1) cold enough to make you feel uncomfortable

The wind’s a bit chilly.The wind’s a bit chilly.

2) unfriendly2) unfriendly

the speech met with a chilly reception. the speech met with a chilly reception.

11. 11. stainstain

v. 1) to accidentally make a mark on something, v. 1) to accidentally make a mark on something, especially one that cannot be removed, or to be especially one that cannot be removed, or to be marked in this way: [+with]marked in this way: [+with]

His shirt was stained with blood.His shirt was stained with blood.

Cigarettes stained the fingers. Cigarettes stained the fingers.

2) to change the color of something, especially 2) to change the color of something, especially something made of wood, by using a special something made of wood, by using a special chemical or dyechemical or dye

The wooden chair has been stained brown. The wooden chair has been stained brown. 这把木椅子已涂成了棕色。这把木椅子已涂成了棕色。

3)stain sb’s name/honour/reputation etc: (literary) 3)stain sb’s name/honour/reputation etc: (literary) to damage the good opinion that people have to damage the good opinion that people have about someoneabout someone

His name was stained with acts of cruelty. His name was stained with acts of cruelty. 他的残忍行为破坏了他的名声。他的残忍行为破坏了他的名声。

n. blood/ink/wine stainn. blood/ink/wine stain

a stain on sb’s character/reputation etc.a stain on sb’s character/reputation etc.

1212 ． ． filmfilm: a very thin layer of something that appears on : a very thin layer of something that appears on the surface of something elsethe surface of something elsea film of oil on the surface of the watera film of oil on the surface of the water

13. 13. lingerlinger 1)to stay somewhere a little longer, especially because 1)to stay somewhere a little longer, especially because

you do not want to leave:[+over/on etc]you do not want to leave:[+over/on etc] They lingered over coffee and missed the last bus.They lingered over coffee and missed the last bus. The children lingered at the zoo until closing time.The children lingered at the zoo until closing time.

2) (also linger on) to be slow to disappear2) (also linger on) to be slow to disappear

Winter lingered. Winter lingered. 冬季迟迟不去。冬季迟迟不去。 The tradition lingered. The tradition lingered. 传统历久犹存。传统历久犹存。 The pain lingered on for weeks. The pain lingered on for weeks. 疼痛持续了好疼痛持续了好

几个星期。几个星期。

3) (also linger on) to be dying slowly so that you 3) (also linger on) to be dying slowly so that you stay alive for a long time although you are stay alive for a long time although you are extremely weakextremely weak

The old man lingered several months after his The old man lingered several months after his stroke. stroke. 那老人中风后拖了几个月才去世。 那老人中风后拖了几个月才去世。

1414 ． ． go withgo with: :

to match, to be harmonious withto match, to be harmonious with

This furniture does not go with the color of these This furniture does not go with the color of these walls.walls.

15. 15. dance to the sound ofdance to the sound of: :

dance according to the sound of dance according to the sound of

The snake would then dance to the music.The snake would then dance to the music.

The soldiers marched through the square to the The soldiers marched through the square to the drumbeat.drumbeat.

16. 16. delicatedelicate::

1)(taste, smell, color) pleasant and not strong:1)(taste, smell, color) pleasant and not strong:

a delicate flavoura delicate flavour 鲜味鲜味 /a delicate fragrance/a delicate fragrance 幽香幽香 Paint the walls a delicate blue.Paint the walls a delicate blue. 把墙漆成浅蓝色。把墙漆成浅蓝色。

2) made skillfully and with attention to the smallest details.2) made skillfully and with attention to the smallest details.

delicate lacedelicate lace 精致的花边精致的花边 /a delicate piece of carving/a delicate piece of carving 一件一件精致的雕刻品精致的雕刻品