Unit 5: Ionic Bonding

3s2 3p6

2s2

18-argon (Ar)

17-chlorine (Cl)

2s1

10-neon (Ne)

9-fluorine (F)

Valence Electrons:•e–’s in highest energy

level

11-sodium (Na)

3-lithium (Li)

4-beryllium (Be)

12-magnesium (Mg)

3s1 3s2 3s2 3p5

2s2 2p5 2s2 2p6

Group # =

Valence #•determine chemical properties

•involved in bonding

SNa Al Ar

Lewis dot diagram:valence e–’s as dots

Mg ClPSi

1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18

The Octet Rule• atoms form bonds to

have 8 valence e–

• full outer level• like noble gases

Ne

lose e–’s gain e–’s

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Metals form (+) ions:e–’s lost for octetpositive cations

Nonmetals form (–) ions:e–’s gained for octetnegative anions

Ions

Group 1 1+ charged ions

Mg

Na

[Mg]2+

[Na]+

Group 22+ charged ions

Al [Al]3+

Group 3A3+ charged ions

1+ 2+ 3+

Group 6A 2– charged ions

Group 5A 3– charged ions

Group 7A 1– charged ions

F F

O O

N N

–

2–

3–

anions names end in -ide

AlCl3

Cl–[Na]+Lewis dot

diagrams

1+ 2+ 3+ 3– 2– 1–

charges vary but

always

+

transitionmetals

Write the names and symbols for the following ions: (remember the charges)

1. Iodine gains __ e– to form ____

2. Calcium loses __ e– to form ____

3. Sulfur ______ __ e– to form ____

4. Potassium ______ __ e– to form ____

1 I–

2 Ca2+

2 S2–gains

1 K+loses

1. How does oxygen display the octet rule when forming an ion?

A. loses 2 e–’s for a –2 charged anion

B. loses 6 e–’s for a +6 charged cation

C. gains 2 e–’s for a –2 charged anion

D. gains 2 e–’s for a +2 charged cation

Quick Quiz!

2. Atoms that tend to gain a noble gas electron configuration by losing valence electrons are…

A. metals

B. nonmetals

C. halogens

D. anions

Quick Quiz.

3. When a bromine atom forms an anion, it does so by…

A. losing two electrons.

B. gaining two electrons.

C. losing one electron.

D. gaining one electron

Quick Quiz.

4. Write the name and the symbol of the ion formed from a nitrogen atom.

A. nitrogen ion, N3+

B. nitride, N–

C. nitride, N3–

D. nitrogen ion, N5–

Quick Quiz.