Unit 5: The Executive Branch

The Executive Office

The Cabinet:Main Idea:Introduction to The Executive Office of the President

Notes:• The Executive Office of

the President (EOP) is made of up of people and agencies that make if possible for the President to carry out his job.

The Cabinet:Main Idea:Introduction to The Executive Office of the President (cont’d.)

Notes:• President’s will use the

agencies and people of the EOP to give advice, and assistance in decision making as well as to help the President better control the Executive Branch.

The Cabinet:Main Idea:The Executive Office Agencies

Notes:• President Franklin D.

Roosevelt created Executive Office Agencies in 1939, because of the overwhelming task of directing the US out of the Great Depression, using the Reorganization Act of 1939.

The Cabinet:Main Idea:The Executive Office Agencies (cont’d.)

Notes:• The Executive Office

Agencies today include:1. Staff2. Office of Management and

Budget (OMB)3. National Security Council

(NSC)4. Council of Economic

Advisors 5. Other agencies

The Cabinet:Main Idea:Staff

Notes:• The Executive Office has

grown over time for 3 reasons:1. every president has made

changes to the EOP2. society continues to change

and become more complex3. today’s huge federal

programs require executive departments and agencies to work together.

The Cabinet:Main Idea:Staff (cont’d.)

Notes:• There are more than 1,500

full-time staff members that serve in the EOP.

• Executive Office staff members include attorneys, scientists, social scientists, and other highly technical or professional personnel.

The Cabinet:Main Idea:The Office of Management and Budget

Notes:• The Office of

Management and Budget (OMB) is the largest executive agency.

• The secretary of this department is usually a trusted ally of the President and is tasked with the responsibility of preparing the national budget.

The Cabinet:Main Idea:The Office of Management and Budget (cont’d.)

Notes:• Every year departments must

submit their requests to the OMB for approval and to be included in the President’s annual budget proposal to Congress.

• The OMB will review all legislative proposals by other agencies (central clearance) before they are submitted to Congress. This is to make sure that the request fit with the President’s agenda.

The Cabinet:Main Idea:The National Security Council

Notes:• The National Security

Council (NSC) was created to advise the President and help coordinate American military and foreign policy

• Headed by the President• Council includes: VP,

Secretary of State, and Secretary of Defense.

• The National Security Adviser directs all NSC staff.

The Cabinet:Main Idea:The Council of Economic Advisers

Notes:• The Council of Economic

Advisers helps the President make the nation’s economic policy.

• The council monitors the nations economic development, proposes solutions to specific problems, and helps prepare the Economic Report of the President which is annually reported to Congress.

The Cabinet:Main Idea:Other Agencies

Notes:• The President determines

the need for agencies and some President’s use more than others.

The Cabinet:Main Idea:Other Agencies (cont’d.)

Notes:• Some other agencies include:

– Office of Economic Opportunity: implements domestic programs.

– Domestic Policy Council: helps the Pres. plan and carry out long range domestic policy plans (farming and energy)

– National Economic Council: helps carry out long range economic plans.

– Office of Environmental Policy: advises the Pres. on environmental issues.

– Environmental Protection Agency: works with the OEP (above).

– The Office of Science and Technology Policy: informs the Pres. on scientific and technological policy issues.

– Office of the United States Trade Representative: negotiates trade agreements with other nations.