Unit 6 Review 1914 CE—Present. 1. What was the region of Europe that produced the most diplomatic...

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Unit 6 Review1914 CE—Present

1. What was the region of Europe that produced the most diplomatic crises prior to World War I?A. ScandinaviaB. The BalkansC. ItalyD. SpainE. Iberian peninsula

2. By 1915, conflict on the Western FrontA. had become a shifting game of rapid maneuver with few

major battles.B. had resulted in the surrender of France and the

establishment of the Vichy government.C. had resulted in victory for the British and French troops,

who pushed the exhausted enemy to the borders of Germany.

D. had settled into a deadly stalemate in which hundreds of thousands of lives were expended for a few feet of trench.

E. had resulted in massive food shortages in both France and Great Britain.

2. By 1915, conflict on the Western FrontA. had become a shifting game of rapid maneuver with few

major battles.B. had resulted in the surrender of France and the

establishment of the Vichy government.C. had resulted in victory for the British and French troops,

who pushed the exhausted enemy to the borders of Germany.

D. had settled into a deadly stalemate in which hundreds of thousands of lives were expended for a few feet of trench.

E. had resulted in massive food shortages in both France and Great Britain.

3. Which of the following statements concerning the global aspects of World War I is most accurate?A. The British dominions, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

remained aloof and virtually untouched by the war.B. By 1914, the United States had not entered the scramble for

colonial possessions.C. American businessmen prior to 1917 profited by selling goods to

both sides and by taking advantage of European distractions to seize new world markets.

D. The United States aggressively entered the war in 1914 to demonstrate its new position as a world power.

E. Germany discouraged colonial nationalists in their struggle against British imperialism.

3. Which of the following statements concerning the global aspects of World War I is most accurate?A. The British dominions, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

remained aloof and virtually untouched by the war.B. By 1914, the United States had not entered the scramble for

colonial possessions.C. American businessmen prior to 1917 profited by selling goods to

both sides and by taking advantage of European distractions to seize new world markets.

D. The United States aggressively entered the war in 1914 to demonstrate its new position as a world power.

E. Germany discouraged colonial nationalists in their struggle against British imperialism.

4. Which of the following was NOT included in the final set of treaties that ended World War I?A. A League of Nations was formed, but the United States

refused to join.B. Russia was rewarded for its service to the Allies by the grant

of substantial territories in Poland and the Baltic republics.C. Germany was forced to accept blame for the war and to pay

huge reparations to the victorious Allies.D. Austria-Hungary was divided up into a Germanic Austria as

well as the independent states of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.

E. Poland was created from eastern German territory.

4. Which of the following was NOT included in the final set of treaties that ended World War I?A. A League of Nations was formed, but the United States

refused to join.B. Russia was rewarded for its service to the Allies by the grant

of substantial territories in Poland and the Baltic republics.C. Germany was forced to accept blame for the war and to pay

huge reparations to the victorious Allies.D. Austria-Hungary was divided up into a Germanic Austria as

well as the independent states of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.

E. Poland was created from eastern German territory.

5. In 1885, regional associations of Western-educated Indians came together to form theA. Indian Socialist Workers Party.B. Liberal Party.C. Revolutionary Nationalist Party.D. Indian National Congress Party.E. Muslim League.

6. The British promised support for a Jewish settlement in the Middle East in theA. Sinai Resolution.B. Exodus Pact.C. Chamberlain Manifesto.D. Balfour Declaration.E. Fourteen Points.

7. In which of the following countries was women’s suffrage NOT granted in the decade after World War I?A. BritainB. United StatesC. SwitzerlandD. GermanyE. Turkey

8. Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the state of Mexican political organization after the revolution?A. A multitude of political parties so confused the electoral scene

that no meaningful political compromise could be achieved.B. Mexico was immediately dominated by labor parties who

originated in the northern parts of Mexico.C. The revolutionary leadership institutionalized the regime by

creating a one-party system under PRI.D. Presidents ruled much as the caudillos before them without

limitation of powers or term of office.E. Two major parties developed, creating a bi-party system

between left and right.

8. Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the state of Mexican political organization after the revolution?A. A multitude of political parties so confused the electoral scene

that no meaningful political compromise could be achieved.B. Mexico was immediately dominated by labor parties who

originated in the northern parts of Mexico.C. The revolutionary leadership institutionalized the regime by

creating a one-party system under PRI.D. Presidents ruled much as the caudillos before them without

limitation of powers or term of office.E. Two major parties developed, creating a bi-party system

between left and right.

9. Who was the leader of the Russian government after the March Revolution?A. Joseph StalinB. Nikita KhrushchevC. Leon TrotskyD. Nicholas IIE. Alexander Kerensky

10. What was Lenin’s solution to Russian participation in World War I?A. He launched a massive offensive campaign that carried

Russian forces deep within Germany.B. He immediately demanded that his British and French allies

send humanitarian, economic, and military aid to the Eastern Front.

C. He negotiated a peace treaty with the Germans and surrendered huge amounts of land on Russia’s western border.

D. He successfully achieved a significant role at the Versailles peace negotiations.

E. He implemented a trench warfare strategy which caused the German advance to stop.

10. What was Lenin’s solution to Russian participation in World War I?A. He launched a massive offensive campaign that carried

Russian forces deep within Germany.B. He immediately demanded that his British and French allies

send humanitarian, economic, and military aid to the Eastern Front.

C. He negotiated a peace treaty with the Germans and surrendered huge amounts of land on Russia’s western border.

D. He successfully achieved a significant role at the Versailles peace negotiations.

E. He implemented a trench warfare strategy which caused the German advance to stop.

11. The leader of the Revolutionary Alliance, a loose coalition of anti-Qing political groups that spearheaded the 1911 revolt, wasA. Yuan Shikai.B. Chiang Kai-shek.C. Sun Yat-sen.D. Mao Zedong.E. Puyi

12. The Long March refers toA. the humiliating exportation of Chinese

prisoners to Japan.B. the march of 90,000 communists from Hunan to

Shaanxi province.C. the Nationalist Party progression from minor

movement to ascendancy in China.D. Chiang Kai-shek’s assault on the communist

stronghold in Beijing.E. the invasion of northern China by the U.S.S.R. in

12. The Long March refers toA. the humiliating exportation of Chinese

prisoners to Japan.B. the march of 90,000 communists from Hunan to

Shaanxi province.C. the Nationalist Party progression from minor

movement to ascendancy in China.D. Chiang Kai-shek’s assault on the communist

stronghold in Beijing.E. the invasion of northern China by the U.S.S.R. in

13. Franklin Roosevelt’s program introducing several social insurance programs in the U.S. was called theA. New Frontier.B. Fair Deal.C. New Deal.D. Square Deal.E. Great Society.

14. Which of the following was NOT part of Adolf Hitler’s political program?A. The need for unity and the hopeless division of

parliamentary politicsB. A return to more traditional waysC. Alliances with socialist parties in GermanyD. A glorious foreign policy designed to undo the

disgrace of VersaillesE. Creation of a secret police known as the

Gestapo

14. Which of the following was NOT part of Adolf Hitler’s political program?A. The need for unity and the hopeless division of

parliamentary politicsB. A return to more traditional waysC. Alliances with socialist parties in GermanyD. A glorious foreign policy designed to undo the

disgrace of VersaillesE. Creation of a secret police known as the

Gestapo

15. What military leader in Argentina broadened the base of support for the conservative government by appealing to labor groups and by utilizing the popularity of his wife?A. Juan PeronB. Victoriano HuertaC. Ernesto GuevaraD. Julio IglesiasE. Fidel Castro

16. Which of the following was NOT typical of the Soviet economy?A. Control of virtually all economic sectorsB. Emphasis on heavy industrial goodsC. Need to create a massive armaments industryD. Ready availability of consumer goodsE. Emphasis on rigid planning

17. After 1937, the government of Japan was dominated byA. socialists who gained power in the aftermath of the

depression.B. labor unions whose position was strengthened by

their control of industry.C. the emerging estate of middle-class liberals intent

on a broader franchise.D. a military regime dedicated to the ultra-nationalist

goals.E. a democratic government elected after the fall of

the emperor.

17. After 1937, the government of Japan was dominated byA. socialists who gained power in the aftermath of the

depression.B. labor unions whose position was strengthened by

their control of industry.C. the emerging estate of middle-class liberals intent

on a broader franchise.D. a military regime dedicated to the ultra-nationalist

goals.E. a democratic government elected after the fall of

the emperor.

18. The Nazi invasion of this country in 1939 put an end to the idea of appeasement.A. PolandB. CzechoslovakiaC. FranceD. SwedenE. Belgium

19. At this conference in 1942, the Nazi high command finalized plans for the destruction of the Jewish race.A. KrakowB. AuschwitzC. BerlinD. WannseeE. Munich

20. Hitler’s last-ditch effort to repel the Allied armies became known asA. the Battle of Berlin.B. the Battle of the Ardennes.C. the Battle of the Bulge.D. the Battle of Britain.E. the Battle of France.

21. President Roosevelt met with the other major Allies in 1945 atA. Potsdam.B. Yalta.C. Cairo.D. Teheran.E. Paris.

22. By what decade had the European colonization of most of black Africa come to an end?A. 1940sB. 1950sC. 1960sD. 1970sE. 1980s

23. What was the solution to the division in India between Muslims and Hindus in 1947?A. The British established a single government with a Hindu

majority, but with specific offices reserved for Muslims.B. The government of India was divided between two houses

of the Indian parliament , one for Muslims, one for Hindus.C. The British simply withdrew from India without any political

settlement of the problem of religious division.D. The British decided to divide India into two nations, a

Muslim Pakistan and a secular, but Hindu-dominated India.E. A civil war broke out between Hindus and Muslims but was

settled quickly with the aid of Gandhi.

23. What was the solution to the division in India between Muslims and Hindus in 1947?A. The British established a single government with a Hindu

majority, but with specific offices reserved for Muslims.B. The government of India was divided between two houses

of the Indian parliament , one for Muslims, one for Hindus.C. The British simply withdrew from India without any political

settlement of the problem of religious division.D. The British decided to divide India into two nations, a

Muslim Pakistan and a secular, but Hindu-dominated India.E. A civil war broke out between Hindus and Muslims but was

settled quickly with the aid of Gandhi.

24. Where was the focal point of the Cold War in Europe immediately after World War II?A. HungaryB. CzechoslovakiaC. FranceD. GermanyE. Britain

25. The European Economic Community is a good example of

A.Europe’s continued national strife.B. cooperation between European nations and a willingness

to create a single European economy.C. the need for Europe to develop a single foreign policy

independent of the U.S.D.the continued economic dependence of the European

nations on the capital derived from the U.S.E. the continued economic dependence of the European

nations on the influence of Marxist ideas and the power of the Soviet Union.

25. The European Economic Community is a good example of

A.Europe’s continued national strife.B. cooperation between European nations and a willingness

to create a single European economy.C. the need for Europe to develop a single foreign policy

independent of the U.S.D.the continued economic dependence of the European

nations on the capital derived from the U.S.E. the continued economic dependence of the European

nations on the influence of Marxist ideas and the power of the Soviet Union.

26. Who wrote The Feminine Mystique?A. Betty FriedanB. Gerda LernerC. Jeanne StempleD. Sojourner TruthE. Kate Millet

27. Greece, Albania and ________ remained independent of direct Soviet control by 1948.A. HungaryB. LatviaC. YugoslaviaD. PolandE. Estonia

28. What Soviet leader emerged to take power in 1956?A. Joseph StalinB. Mikhail GorbachevC. Yuri AndropovD. Leonid BrezhnevE. Nikita Khrushchev

29. What Russian leader significantly altered political, diplomatic, and economic policies in the Soviet Union after 1985?A. Joseph StalinB. Mikhail GorbachevC. Yuri AndropovD. Leonid BrezhnevE. Nikita Khrushchev

30. The independent labor movement in Poland that challenged Soviet dominance was calledA. Comintern.B. Solidarity.C. Izvestia.D. Pravda.E. the New Independence Movement.

31. The “second world” refers toA. the industrialized West.B. Latin America.C. industrialized communist nations.D. unindustrialized nations.E. former British colonies.

32. What corporation in Guatemala became the centerpiece of the dispute between the United States and reform governments in the Central American country?A. U.S. SteelB. Ford Motor CompanyC. Continental Can CompanyD. United Fruit CompanyE. Chiquita

33. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the outcome of the Cuban revolution?A. Despite the successful overthrow of Batista, the revolutionary

government failed to enact significant reforms in the plantation economy.

B. The revolutionary government eventually announced its adoption of Marxist-Leninist leanings, broke off relations with the U.S., and introduced sweeping socialist reforms.

C. The largely liberal government that resulted from the revolution returned to the constitution of 1940 and closer relationships with the U.S.

D. After a brief sojourn in the U.S., Batista was able to return to power with the support of the U.S. military.

E. Castro and the United States agreed to a cease-fire and resumed normal relations by 1970.

33. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the outcome of the Cuban revolution?A. Despite the successful overthrow of Batista, the revolutionary

government failed to enact significant reforms in the plantation economy.

B. The revolutionary government eventually announced its adoption of Marxist-Leninist leanings, broke off relations with the U.S., and introduced sweeping socialist reforms.

C. The largely liberal government that resulted from the revolution returned to the constitution of 1940 and closer relationships with the U.S.

D. After a brief sojourn in the U.S., Batista was able to return to power with the support of the U.S. military.

E. Castro and the United States agreed to a cease-fire and resumed normal relations by 1970.

34. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the progress of democratization in Latin America during the 1980s?A. Despite return to democratic government in many Latin American

countries, problems with populist movements, threats from military leaders, inflation, and the drug trade weakened the new regimes.

B. Once democratic governments were restored in much of Latin America, the influence of the U.S. in the region began to wane.

C. The return of democracy to Latin America was so universal that military governments ceased to exist.

D. Democratic governments in the 1980s ceased to be troubled by the existence of leftist, guerrilla movements.

E. The trend led to increased resistance from many communist nations around the world.

34. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the progress of democratization in Latin America during the 1980s?A. Despite return to democratic government in many Latin American

countries, problems with populist movements, threats from military leaders, inflation, and the drug trade weakened the new regimes.

B. Once democratic governments were restored in much of Latin America, the influence of the U.S. in the region began to wane.

C. The return of democracy to Latin America was so universal that military governments ceased to exist.

D. Democratic governments in the 1980s ceased to be troubled by the existence of leftist, guerrilla movements.

E. The trend led to increased resistance from many communist nations around the world.

35. What U.S. president introduced the “Good Neighbor Policy” that promised to deal more fairly with Latin American countries and to halt direct military intervention?A. Theodore RooseveltB. Calvin CoolidgeC. Franklin RooseveltD. Harry TrumanE. John F. Kennedy

36. With respect to religion, the vast majority of Latin AmericansA. are still nominally Roman Catholics.B. practice religions brought with slave

populations from Africa.C. follow indigenous Indian religions that predate

the arrival of the Spaniards.D. have converted to some form of Protestantism.E. view the Catholic church as a symbol of

oppression.

36. With respect to religion, the vast majority of Latin AmericansA. are still nominally Roman Catholics.B. practice religions brought with slave

populations from Africa.C. follow indigenous Indian religions that predate

the arrival of the Spaniards.D. have converted to some form of Protestantism.E. view the Catholic church as a symbol of

oppression.

37. Why have ethnic rivalries and communal violence been endemic in decolonized African states?A. The level of civilization in Africa was more primitive at the

time of colonization.B. Tribal life in Africa was traditionally more violent than other

cultures.C. The introduction of slavery by whites in the 19th century

brutalized African culture.D. Europeans hastily colonized Africa and established boundaries

without reference to ethnic groups or cultural homogeneity.E. Africans received training and weapons from European

colonists.

37. Why have ethnic rivalries and communal violence been endemic in decolonized African states?A. The level of civilization in Africa was more primitive at the

time of colonization.B. Tribal life in Africa was traditionally more violent than other

cultures.C. The introduction of slavery by whites in the 19th century

brutalized African culture.D. Europeans hastily colonized Africa and established boundaries

without reference to ethnic groups or cultural homogeneity.E. Africans received training and weapons from European

colonists.

38. On what have third world countries traditionally depended to finance industrialization?A. Development of banking systemsB. Sale of resources left behind by colonizersC. Profits of previous industrializationD. Sale of cash crops and mineralsE. High taxes

39. One of the most common elements of African and Asian governments since decolonization isA. the creation of liberal democracies.B. military takeovers.C. communism.D. effective industrialization.E. stable economic systems.

40. The Egyptian government was able to force the British and their French allies out of the Suez Canal zone inA. 1952.B. 1956.C. 1961.D. 1967.E. 1974.

41. In the first decades of independence, India was governed byA. M. K. Gandhi.B. M. A. Jinnah.C. M. A. Bhutto.D. J. Nehru.E. R. J. Singh.

42. What were the “homelands” established by the government of South Africa?A. Areas reserved for the white minorityB. Areas designated for the main ethno-linguistic groups of

indigenous peoples within South AfricaC. Areas outside of the boundaries of South Africa

designated for emigration of indigenous peoplesD. Areas of South Africa in which land redistribution

among the Boer population has taken placeE. Areas whose independence was guaranteed by the

United Nations

42. What were the “homelands” established by the government of South Africa?A. Areas reserved for the white minorityB. Areas designated for the main ethno-linguistic groups of

indigenous peoples within South AfricaC. Areas outside of the boundaries of South Africa

designated for emigration of indigenous peoplesD. Areas of South Africa in which land redistribution

among the Boer population has taken placeE. Areas whose independence was guaranteed by the

United Nations

43. In what way was the restoration of an independent Korea complicated?A. Korea had become a colony of China, which refused

to restore independence.B. Korea was divided into zones controlled by the U.S.

and the Soviet Union.C. Korea’s government was claimed by surviving

members of the old monarchy.D. Korea had no prior experience as an independent

government.E. The former royal rulers of Korea wanted to be

restored to power.

43. In what way was the restoration of an independent Korea complicated?A. Korea had become a colony of China, which refused

to restore independence.B. Korea was divided into zones controlled by the U.S.

and the Soviet Union.C. Korea’s government was claimed by surviving

members of the old monarchy.D. Korea had no prior experience as an independent

government.E. The former royal rulers of Korea wanted to be

restored to power.

44. Who commanded the United Nations troops who participated in the Korean conflict on behalf of the Republic of Korea?A. George MarshallB. Omar BradleyC. Dwight EisenhowerD. George PattonE. Douglas MacArthur

45. Which of the following was NOT a factor in the amazing economic growth of Japan following the 1950s?A. Cheap loans for technological innovationB. Educational expansionC. A growing population and a reduction in the

agricultural labor forceD. A rapidly growing military-industrial complexE. Japan’s foreign policy

45. Which of the following was NOT a factor in the amazing economic growth of Japan following the 1950s?A. Cheap loans for technological innovationB. Educational expansionC. A growing population and a reduction in the

agricultural labor forceD. A rapidly growing military-industrial complexE. Japan’s foreign policy

46. What nation other than Japan in the Pacific Rim was the most obvious example of the spread of new economic dynamism?A. South KoreaB. North KoreaC. VietnamD. MalayaE. Indonesia

47. In what way was the Chinese Communist takeover of China different from the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia?A. China was already more industrialized than Russia at the time of

the communist success.B. The Russian seizure of power was accomplished without ridding

the country of the ruling dynasty.C. The Chinese Communists claimed a unified country and did not

experience years afterwards of civil war and foreign intervention.D. The Chinese Communist leadership was unable to move directly to

the tasks of social reform and economic development.E. Russia was heavily industrialized whereas China was still mostly a

rural-based society.

47. In what way was the Chinese Communist takeover of China different from the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia?A. China was already more industrialized than Russia at the time of

the communist success.B. The Russian seizure of power was accomplished without ridding

the country of the ruling dynasty.C. The Chinese Communists claimed a unified country and did not

experience years afterwards of civil war and foreign intervention.D. The Chinese Communist leadership was unable to move directly to

the tasks of social reform and economic development.E. Russia was heavily industrialized whereas China was still mostly a

rural-based society.

48. Mao’s 1958 program of pushing industrialization through small -scale projects integrated into the peasant communes was calledA. the May Fourth Movement.B. the Cultural Revolution.C. the Great Leap Forward.D. the Long March.E. the Five Year Plan.

49. Which of the following factors did NOT play a role in the demise of communism?A. Soviet leadershipB. Reassertion of eastern European initiativeC. Western Europe’s thriving EconomyD. The steadfastness of Chinese policyE. Economic costs of the cold war

50. Which of the following was NOT a significant change in Chinese policy in the late 1970s through the 1980s?A. The decision to participate in the world economyB. The decision to relax political controlsC. The decision to admit more market forces into

ChinaD. The decision to allow competitive free enterprise

within ChinaE. The decision to allow managers to make economic

decisions

50. Which of the following was NOT a significant change in Chinese policy in the late 1970s through the 1980s?A. The decision to participate in the world economyB. The decision to relax political controlsC. The decision to admit more market forces into

ChinaD. The decision to allow competitive free enterprise

within ChinaE. The decision to allow managers to make economic

decisions

51. The term perestroika refers toA. a new freedom to comment and criticize the

Soviet government.B. economic restructuring and more leeway for

private ownership.C. the Soviet space program.D. the establishment of a liberal democracy.E. an attempt by the Soviet leadership to allow

non-communists to manage the economy.

51. The term perestroika refers toA. a new freedom to comment and criticize the

Soviet government.B. economic restructuring and more leeway for

private ownership.C. the Soviet space program.D. the establishment of a liberal democracy.E. an attempt by the Soviet leadership to allow

non-communists to manage the economy.

52. Which of the following was NOT a concern within the former Soviet Union?A. Invasion by the WestB. Economic coordinationC. Control of the militaryD. Relationships between the former Soviet statesE. Nuclear control issues regarding weapons

53. The Persian Gulf War of 1991 was in response to the Iraqi invasion ofA. IsraelB. KuwaitC. SyriaD. IranE. Turkey

54. The increased interconnectedness of all parts of the world is calledA. “gradualism.”B. “Universalism.”C. “globalization.”D. “Spaceship Earth.”E. “Unitarianism.”

55. A growing opponent of the ideals of globalization has beenA. terrorism.B. communism.C. racism.D. political fundamentalismE. conservatives.

56. Which of the following is NOT a new development regarding the globalization of the Earth?A. Advances in creating a prototype universal

languageB. The end of the cold war led to new

opportunities for global communicationC. Advanced technical developmentsD. The adjustment of peoples everywhere to the

notion of global communicationsE. The rise of easy transmission of money

56. Which of the following is NOT a new development regarding the globalization of the Earth?A. Advances in creating a prototype universal

languageB. The end of the cold war led to new

opportunities for global communicationC. Advanced technical developmentsD. The adjustment of peoples everywhere to the

notion of global communicationsE. The rise of easy transmission of money

57. Which of the following companies represents the most striking international cultural influence since the 1970s.A. NikeB. FordC. SonyD. GEE. McDonalds

58. Which of the following is NOT an issue raised against economic globalization?A. Damage to labor conditions through use of

cheap workersB. Damage to the environmentC. Its pace is too slow.D. Rampant consumerismE. Its pace is too fast.

58. Which of the following is NOT an issue raised against economic globalization?A. Damage to labor conditions through use of

cheap workersB. Damage to the environmentC. Its pace is too slow.D. Rampant consumerismE. Its pace is too fast.

59. Which of the following is NOT a trend running counter to globalization?A. NationalismB. Religious differencesC. Ethnic competitionD. The InternetE. Competition over economic resources

60. NAFTA includes the United States, Canada andA. Mexico.B. Brazil.C. Panama.D. Cuba.E. Chile.

Unit 6 Review 1914 CE—Present. 1. What was the region of Europe that produced the most diplomatic...

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