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United Nations Economic Commission for United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)Europe (UNECE)
Single Window Single Window forfor
Trade FacilitationTrade Facilitation
Tom ButterlyTom ButterlyDeputy Chief, Global Trade Solutions BranchDeputy Chief, Global Trade Solutions Branch
Workshop on Trade FacilitationWorkshop on Trade FacilitationMoscowMoscow
22-23 November 200422-23 November 2004
UNECE – Global and UNECE – Global and Regional perspectiveRegional perspective
Global levelGlobal level - - development and maintenance of development and maintenance of international standards through international standards through UN/CEFACTUN/CEFACT - - United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic BusinessElectronic Business
UNECE regional levelUNECE regional level - - implementation in implementation in member states especially in transition member states especially in transition economieseconomies
Implementation in other regionsImplementation in other regions - - cooperate cooperate extensively with other UN Regional Commissions extensively with other UN Regional Commissions and other multilateral organisationsand other multilateral organisations
UN CEFACT International UN CEFACT International Trade Procedures Working Trade Procedures Working Group (TBG15)Group (TBG15) Single Window Recommendation Single Window Recommendation
developed by UN/CEFACT developed by UN/CEFACT International Trade Procedures International Trade Procedures Working Group (ITPWG), with Working Group (ITPWG), with representation from governments, representation from governments, trade and international organisationstrade and international organisations
All welcome to participate in All welcome to participate in UN/CEFACT work (next Forum in UN/CEFACT work (next Forum in Malaysia in March 05)Malaysia in March 05)
Meeting regulatory Meeting regulatory requirements and exchanging requirements and exchanging information with governmentinformation with government
Electronic
Agriculture
Paper
Trader
Customs
Health Dept
Transport
Current Situation for Government & TradersThe The current current situationsituation
A single windowA single window
Electronic
Agriculture
SingleWindow
TraderTransport
Customs
Health Dept
A 'Single Window' environment
Paper
The new The new approach - approach - a simple, a simple, one-stop one-stop solution solution offering offering official official control control with trade with trade facilitationfacilitation..
Analysis of existing and planned Analysis of existing and planned Single Windows in 12 countries to Single Windows in 12 countries to determine:determine:– current practices;current practices;– structures;structures;– products and services; andproducts and services; and– funding mechanisms.funding mechanisms.
On the basis of this analysis, we On the basis of this analysis, we developed a Recommendation and developed a Recommendation and Guidelines - Extensive review process Guidelines - Extensive review process – finally approved in September 2004– finally approved in September 2004
The UN/CEFACT Single The UN/CEFACT Single Window RecommendationWindow Recommendation
UN/CEFACTUN/CEFACT Recommends Recommends that governments and those that governments and those involved in international involved in international trade should…trade should…
Proceed with the setting up of a Single Proceed with the setting up of a Single Window facility at the national level Window facility at the national level through a collaborative effort with all through a collaborative effort with all relevant governmental authorities and relevant governmental authorities and the business community the business community
Give full consideration to the guidelines Give full consideration to the guidelines attached to the present attached to the present recommendation in the establishment recommendation in the establishment of their Single Window facility of their Single Window facility
The Single Window The Single Window facility should allow:facility should allow:
Lodgement of standardised Lodgement of standardised information and documents with a information and documents with a single entry point single entry point (to fulfil all export, (to fulfil all export, import and transit related regulatory import and transit related regulatory requirements) requirements)
if the information is electronic, if the information is electronic, then individual data elements then individual data elements should only be submitted once should only be submitted once
The Single Window The Single Window facility should:facility should:
Support the sharing of information by Support the sharing of information by a legal framework that provides a legal framework that provides privacy and security in the exchange privacy and security in the exchange of informationof information
Co-ordinate the controls of the Co-ordinate the controls of the various governmental authorities, various governmental authorities, where appropriatewhere appropriate
Provide facilities to receive payment Provide facilities to receive payment of duties and other chargesof duties and other charges
Provide access to Provide access to trade related trade related government informationgovernment information
The Guide on the The Guide on the establishment of a Single establishment of a Single WindowWindow
The GuidelinesThe Guidelines Overview description of a Single Overview description of a Single
WindowWindow Common models for a Single WindowCommon models for a Single Window Benefits of a Single WindowBenefits of a Single Window Practical steps in planning and Practical steps in planning and
implementing a Single Window implementing a Single Window Key factors for a successful Single Key factors for a successful Single
WindowWindow
Key factorsKey factors
Political willPolitical will Strong lead agencyStrong lead agency Partnership between government and trade Partnership between government and trade
(need for dialogue)(need for dialogue) Establish clear and measurable objectivesEstablish clear and measurable objectives Phased approachPhased approach Use of international standardsUse of international standards Legally enabling environmentLegally enabling environment User friendliness, accessibility and trainingUser friendliness, accessibility and training Financial modelFinancial model Promotion and communicationsPromotion and communications
The Guide on the The Guide on the establishment of a Single establishment of a Single WindowWindow
The AnnexesThe Annexes Annex A: Single Window Models - Annex A: Single Window Models -
examples of existing or planned Single examples of existing or planned Single Windows Windows
Annex B: Practical Steps for Planning & Annex B: Practical Steps for Planning & ImplementationImplementation
Annex C: Components of a Feasibility Annex C: Components of a Feasibility StudyStudy
Annex D: Tools & TechniquesAnnex D: Tools & Techniques Annex E: Signposts - contact details for Annex E: Signposts - contact details for
operational Single Windows and operational Single Windows and international organisation projectsinternational organisation projects
A Single Authority that receives information, either on paper or electronically, disseminates this information to all relevant governmental authorities, and co-ordinates controls to prevent undue hindrance in the logistical chain (e.g. Sweden)
A Single Automated System for the collection and dissemination of information (either public or private) that integrates the electronic collection, use, and dissemination (and storage) of data related to trade that crosses the border (e.g. Unites States).
An automated Information Transaction System through which a trader can submit electronic trade declarations to the various authorities for processing and approval in a single application. In this approach, approvals are transmitted electronically from governmental authorities to the trader’s computer. (e.g. Mauritius, Singapore)
Single Window Single Window ExamplesExamples
Sweden Sweden
United StatesUnited States
GermanyGermany
MauritiusMauritius
(From 3 day workshop on (From 3 day workshop on documents, edocuments and Single documents, edocuments and Single
WindowsWindows))
Information is gathered by Swedish Information is gathered by Swedish Customs on behalf of more than 30 Customs on behalf of more than 30 different authorities (import VAT, trade different authorities (import VAT, trade statistics, monitoring of licenses, pets, statistics, monitoring of licenses, pets, weapons etc.)weapons etc.)
Swedish Customs Single Window Swedish Customs Single Window solutions are available using different solutions are available using different technologies:technologies:– EDIFACTEDIFACT– InternetInternet– Mobile solutionsMobile solutions
Single Window in Single Window in SwedenSweden
ParticipantsParticipants
Swedish importers, exporters and Swedish importers, exporters and brokers.brokers.
National Board of Taxation.National Board of Taxation. Statistics Sweden.Statistics Sweden. National Board of Agriculture.National Board of Agriculture. National Board of Trade.National Board of Trade. European Union.European Union. Annually 94 % of all Customs Annually 94 % of all Customs
declarations are submitted using a declarations are submitted using a Single Window solution.Single Window solution.
Business modelBusiness model
The Virtual Customs Office, including The Virtual Customs Office, including Single Window solutions, is financed Single Window solutions, is financed within existing budgetary means of within existing budgetary means of Swedish Customs.Swedish Customs.
eServices of Swedish Customs is free eServices of Swedish Customs is free of charge and no user fees are applied.of charge and no user fees are applied.
However, clients are charged for However, clients are charged for submitting paper documents ….submitting paper documents ….
ResultsResults
Major benefit: automatic clearance of Major benefit: automatic clearance of Customs declarationsCustoms declarations– For trade: release times 90 secondsFor trade: release times 90 seconds– For trade: no requirements for For trade: no requirements for
supporting documentssupporting documents– For trade: one interface regarding all For trade: one interface regarding all
information related to international information related to international trade.trade.
– For Customs: reallocation of resourcesFor Customs: reallocation of resources– For Customs: improved collectionFor Customs: improved collection
United StatesUnited StatesSingle WindowSingle Window
International Trade Data System International Trade Data System (ITDS)(ITDS)
USDA
FWS
CPSC
ACE/ITDSSingle
Window
FDAfood
INSimmigration
DOTtransport
arrive/depart
CBPACE/ITDS
ITDS/Single WindowProcessingITDS/Single WindowProcessing
TruckDriverGoods
CBP
USTR
(operational)
(interfaced)
(periodic)
ProcessProcess
Survey of all relevant Government Survey of all relevant Government Agencies involved in tradeAgencies involved in trade
Revealed that over 300 forms Revealed that over 300 forms consisting of approx. 3000 data consisting of approx. 3000 data fieldsfields
Over 90% of information redundentOver 90% of information redundent Through harmonisation and Through harmonisation and
standardisation reduced this to standardisation reduced this to 200 data elements200 data elements
Participants/ClientsParticipants/Clients
Federal Trade Agencies:Federal Trade Agencies:– Admissibility and export control Admissibility and export control – Statistical and analytical Statistical and analytical – Trade promotion Trade promotion
Trade CommunityTrade Community– ImportersImporters– ExportersExporters– Customs BrokersCustoms Brokers– CarriersCarriers– Port Authorities Port Authorities
Single Window in GermanySingle Window in Germany
Port of HamburgPort of HamburgExperience of DAKOSY Experience of DAKOSY AGAG
ParticipantsParticipants / Clients / Clients
UNIX and IBM AS/400
IBM AS/400
IBM AS/400
IBM AS/400
IBM AS/400
IBM AS/400IBM AS/400
890 Forwarders
254 Exporters/Importers/Manufacturing Industry
35 Quay Operators andContainer Packing Companies
3 Tally Companies
Public AuthoritiesHamburg Water Police StationHamburg Fire Service HeadquartersEnvironment AuthorityBAGS (Hamburg Safety and Health Authority)Customs Office Hamburg Harbour (ZAPP)Federal Customs Departments (ATLAS)
3 Carriers - Feederand River Barges
DAKOSY DPC
22 Carriers - Rail
15 Carriers - Road
96 Liner Agents and Shipping Lines
Terminal-Server-FarmOutsourcing
HABIS
InternetATLAS
Backup
ASP
EDIFirewall
DAKOSY-Bremen
DAKOSY-Denmark
Router NodeIBM AS/400Router Node
Customs DP CentreFrankfurt
GEGIS
web-hosting
Backup
Backup
DAKOSYInternet-Server
ExamplesExamples
Business dataVolume
(daily)
LA = Liner Agent, Shipping L. = Shipping Line
between and
Quay Order 600 Forwarders > 30 Quay operators 3.400
Bills of Lading 150 Forwarders > 50 LA / Shipping L. 1.500
Transport Order > 75 Forwarders German Rail / 1.600 Rail LA / Shipping L. Private Rail Operators
Export Declaration 750 Forwarders Customs Hamburg 4.900 LA / Shipping L.
Import Release > 870 Forwarders German Customs 9.500 - ATLAS
Dangerous Goods 90 Quay Operator River Police 1.250Announcement LA / Shipping L.
ParticipantsParticipants / Clients / Clients
18 43 57 81138162171183203230244256270286
480500530610
730761
925
1317
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Business modelBusiness model
Shareholders to pay a yearly fee for Shareholders to pay a yearly fee for the so called „traditionell EDI-Business the so called „traditionell EDI-Business within the port - community“within the port - community“
Each participant has to sign a contract Each participant has to sign a contract with one of the shareholders and has with one of the shareholders and has to pay to them for the usage of the to pay to them for the usage of the EDI-Network of DAKOSYEDI-Network of DAKOSY
Additional services of DAKOSY (EDI, Additional services of DAKOSY (EDI, ASP and IT- Services) are charged byASP and IT- Services) are charged byDAKOSY directly DAKOSY directly
Lessons learnedLessons learned
90 % Talking, 10 % Doing90 % Talking, 10 % Doing
Most important: All people to tow Most important: All people to tow one rope in the same direction!one rope in the same direction!
““Eat the elephant piece by piece”Eat the elephant piece by piece”
Submission, processing and approval of Submission, processing and approval of declarations to Customs within a 15-declarations to Customs within a 15-minute minute
Access to air and sea cargo manifests, Access to air and sea cargo manifests, ships’ arrivals and departures, movement ships’ arrivals and departures, movement of containers, etc.of containers, etc.
Notice of release of consignmentsNotice of release of consignments
Payment of duties by electronic meansPayment of duties by electronic means
Contributions Network Project has been Contributions Network Project has been launched, allowing the payment of launched, allowing the payment of various fees & taxesvarious fees & taxes
Services Services
TradeNet AccessTradeNet Access
PC, a modem, a telephone line and a PC, a modem, a telephone line and a Declarant IDDeclarant ID
Documents and trade information entered Documents and trade information entered into the system transmitted between all into the system transmitted between all parties involved in the movement of parties involved in the movement of goods (imports and exports) and the goods (imports and exports) and the Customs DepartmentCustoms Department
Links with Customs Management System Links with Customs Management System for automatic processing and approval of for automatic processing and approval of Customs declarationsCustoms declarations
ParticipantsParticipants
Customs & Excise Department Customs & Excise Department Importers, exporters and re-exportersImporters, exporters and re-exporters Freight forwarders Freight forwarders
Port Authority and its cargo handling agency Port Authority and its cargo handling agency
Shipping/airline companies and their agents Shipping/airline companies and their agents
Ministry of International TradeMinistry of International Trade Chamber of Commerce & Industry Chamber of Commerce & Industry Over 1000 declarations on average are received Over 1000 declarations on average are received
and processed every working day by the and processed every working day by the country’s Customs & Excise Department country’s Customs & Excise Department
Business modelBusiness model
Joint-ventureJoint-venture functioning 100% as a private functioning 100% as a private concern concern
Equity (± USD 1 million) provided by shareholdersEquity (± USD 1 million) provided by shareholders Self-sustainability perspective right from the startSelf-sustainability perspective right from the start Activities financed from 2 sources:Activities financed from 2 sources:
- a software single-user licence of $ 1300 at the - a software single-user licence of $ 1300 at the outset - a service fee of USD 5.- per outset - a service fee of USD 5.- per declaration sent thru’ MNS declaration sent thru’ MNS
Highly successful and profitable activity:Highly successful and profitable activity:
- share value multiplied by eight since 1994- share value multiplied by eight since 1994
- yearly dividends = ± 90% of funds invested- yearly dividends = ± 90% of funds invested
ResultsResults
Reduction in processing time of Customs Reduction in processing time of Customs declarations from days/several hours to 15 declarations from days/several hours to 15 min. min.
Declarations sent/information retrieved Declarations sent/information retrieved from one’s office from one’s office
Enhancement of transparency and Enhancement of transparency and productivity productivity
Conclusive public/private sector Conclusive public/private sector collaborationcollaboration
The Mauritian CMS is now used by the The Mauritian CMS is now used by the Ghana CustomsGhana Customs
UN CEFACTUN CEFACT Recommendation 33Recommendation 33Next StepsNext Steps
Establish repository on existing Single Establish repository on existing Single Windows Windows
Meeting in 2005 of all existing Single Meeting in 2005 of all existing Single Windows to discuss standards and Windows to discuss standards and interoperabilityinteroperability
Encourage implementation by developing Encourage implementation by developing Business Cases for the three Single Business Cases for the three Single Window modelsWindow models
Promotion at Capacity Building Workshops Promotion at Capacity Building Workshops for Trade Facilitation Implementation and for Trade Facilitation Implementation and presentations to interested organisationspresentations to interested organisations