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Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
ECA enforcement activities
RILO ECE meeting of NCPsSofia, Bulgaria5-6 April 2011
Halvart Koeppen, Regional Officerhalvart.koppen@unep.org
UNEP ECA webpage: www.unep.org/ozonaction/ecanetwork/
OzonAction website:www.unep.org/ozonaction/
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Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
UNEP Regional Ozone Networks
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Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
• Objective– Phase-out of ozone-depleting substances (ODS)
• Global ratification– 49 Article 2 (so-called developed) countries
– 147 Article 5 (so-called developing) countries
• Recovery of ozone layer– 2065 if Montreal Protocol is fully implemented
Montreal Protocol highlights
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Montreal Protocol adopted
Multilateral Fund established
CFC freeze
CFC 50% reduction
CFC 85% reduction
1987 1991 1999 2005 2007 2010 2015
CFC, halons, CTC phased out
MeBr to be phased out
Article 5 phase-out schedule
Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
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Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
HCFC phase-out schedulefor Article 5 countries
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eComplete phase-out of ODS
Completed Completed phase-out datephase-out date
Montreal ProtocolMontreal ProtocolCCroatiaroatia EUEUArticle 2 Article 2
countriescountriesArticle 5Article 5countriescountries
CFCCFC (Annex A1) (Annex A1) 19961996 20102010 20062006 19951995
HalonsHalons 19941994 20102010 20102010 19941994
CFC (CFC (Anex BAnex B1)1) 19961996 20102010 19991999 19961996
CarbontetrachlorideCarbontetrachloride 19961996 20102010 20102010 19951995
MethylchloroformMethylchloroform 19961996 20152015 20102010 19961996
HCFCHCFC 20202200 20203300 20162016 20102010
HBFCHBFC 19961996 19961996 19991999 19961996
BromochlormethaneBromochlormethane 20022002 20022002 20022002 20022002
MethylbromideMethylbromide 20052005 20152015 20062006 20052005
Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
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eRisk of illegal trade in ODS
• Consumption of CFC, halon and carbon tetrachlorid must be zero from Jan 2010– Increased risk of illegal trade in countries
which have still demand• Accelerated and differentiated phase-out
schedule for HCFCs– Increased risk of illegal trade to countries
which restrict or ban HCFC imports– Increased risk of technology dumping
(second hand equipment) to developing countries
Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
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e2012 revision of HS codes
2903 Halogenated derivates of hydrocarbons
Unchanged2903.14 Tetrachlormethane or carbon tetrachloride
2903.19 1,1,1-trichloroethane or methylchloroform
2903.39 Methyl bromide
Deleted2903.4 - 69 Halogenated derivatives of acyclic hydrocarbons
containing two or more different halogens
New HS codes for HCFCs (before grouped under 2903.49)
2903.71 Chlorodifluoromethane: HCFC-22
2903.72 Dichlorotrifluoroethanes: HCFC-123
2903.73 Dichlorofluoroethanes: HCFC-141, 141b
2903.74 Chlorodifluoroethanes: HCFC-142, 142b
2903.75 Dichloropentafluoropropanes: HCFC-225/225ca/225cb
Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
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e2012 revision of HS codes
2903 Halogenated derivates of hydrocarbons
New HS code for halons (before 4903.46)2903.76 Bromochlorodifluoromethane or halon 1211
2903.76 Bromotrifluoromethane or halon 1301
2903.76 Dibromotetrafluoroethane or halon 2402
New HS code for other derivates of acrylic hydrocarobons perhalogenated only with fluorine and chlorine2903.77 CFC-11 (before 2903.41)
2903.77 CFC-12 (before 2903.42)
2903.77 CFC-113 (before 2903.43)
2903.77 CFC-114 before 2903.44)
2903.77 CFC-115 (before 2903.44)
2903.77 CFC-13/111/112/211/212/213/214/215/217/217 (before 2903.45)
2903.78 Other perhalogenated derivatives
2903.79 Other
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2007 revision of HS codes3824.7 Mixtures containing halogenated derivatives of
methane, ethane or propane (no change):
3824.71 Containing CFCs, whether or not containing HCFCs, PFCs or HFCs
3824.72 Containing bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane or
dibromotetrafluoroethanes
3824.73 Containing HBFCs
3824.74 Containing HCFCs, whether or not containing PFCs or HFCs, but not containing CFCs
3824.75 Containing carbon tetrachloride
3824.76 Containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
3824.77 Containing bromomethane (methyl bromide) or bromochloromethane
3824.78 Containing PFCs or HFCs, but not containing CFCs or HCFCs
3824.79 Other
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ECA Enforcement Network
Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
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ECA Enforcement Network
Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
• Customs focal points for Montreal Protocol• New partnerships
– SECI, OSCE, UNCTAD• Informal Prior Informed Consent 2010
– 73 participating countries– 111 informal consultations– 28 unwanted shipments prevented (25%)
• Most recent iPIC consultation in 2011:– Shipment of 100 tons of HCFC-141b from China to Russia
prevented– Russian importer was not registered and did not have an
import licence– China did not issue an export license.
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ECA Enforcement Network
Data discrepancies / MT 2006 2007 2008European Union (27 countries 11907 13651 5486ECA network (12 countries) N.a. 2079 5931
Discrepancies by substance / MT
2007 2008
CFC 59,5 29,6
Halon 9,6 0,03
CTC 0,4 0,5
MCF - 0,01
HCFC 2004 5765
MeBr 5,7 136
ECA & 4 CEITs 2079 5931
EU 13651 5486
Discrepancies between reported export / import data
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Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
ECA Enforcement Network
• Countries exporting ODS to ECA countries:– CFC: CRO, SER, EU, Singapore– Halon: EU, China– CTC: SER, CRO, EU– MeBr: EU– HCFC: CRO, SER, EU, China, India, Japan,
Korea (Republic of), Singapore, USA
• Croatia and Serbia tranship or re-export ODS to their neighbouring countries
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eECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for
Customs & Enforcement Officers
Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
Gold and silver medals for:
– Armenia– China– Croatia– European Union– Kazakhstan– Kyrgyzstan– Russian Federation– Serbia
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eECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for
Customs & Enforcement Officers
• Hundreds of tonnes of virgin CFC illegally traded and mis-declared as recycled substance in 2007-2009
• Verify proof of origin and certificate of quality with the Montreal Protocol focal point of the exporting country.
False document certifying that CFCs are recycled
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eECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for
Customs & Enforcement Officers• Hundred second hand
CFC refrigerators from Germany seized in Central Asia
• Their export from the EU is illegal and most countries in the ECA region have banned their import.
• No trade licenses should be issued and any shipment of second hand equipment should be considered suspicious
Seized second hand CFC refrigerators from EU
Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
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eECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for
Customs & Enforcement Officers
• Labelling of refrigerant cylinders as “Replace for …” without indicating the actual contents
• “Replace for 134a” actually contained CFC-12
• “Replace for 502” in fact contained R502
• National legislation should require mandatory labelling of chemical contents
“Replace for …”
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eECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for
Customs & Enforcement Officers
• Mislabelling was detected during the practical exercise of using refrigerant identifiers
• CFC-12 cylinder contained 16% CFC-12, 62% HCFC-22, 19% HFC-134a and 3% hydrocarbon.
• HFC-134a cylinder contained 100% CFC-12. • Customs Officers
(wholesalers,
end-users) should
use refrigerant
identifiers
• Mislabelling was detected during the practical exercise of using refrigerant identifiers
• CFC-12 cylinder contained 16% CFC-12, 62% HCFC-22, 19% HFC-134a and 3% hydrocarbon.
• HFC-134a cylinder contained 100% CFC-12. • Customs Officers
(wholesalers,
end-users) should
use refrigerant
identifiers
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eECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for
Customs & Enforcement Officers
• Seizure of HFCs which do not deplete the ozone layer but contribute to global warming
• Lack of shipment papers and importer was not registered as required by national law
• Note:
Controlled
ODS can be
mislabelled asHFC and thus
HFC shipments
are suspicious
• Seizure of HFCs which do not deplete the ozone layer but contribute to global warming
• Lack of shipment papers and importer was not registered as required by national law
• Note:
Controlled
ODS can be
mislabelled asHFC and thus
HFC shipments
are suspicious
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• Sky-Hole-Patching II:– Globalized version of SHP initiated in Asia Pacific– Period: 3 May to 2 Nov. 2010 (six months)
• Supported by: – WCO’s 11 Regional Intelligence Liaison Offices (RILOs)– RILO AP as Operational Coordination Unit (OCU)– National Ozone Units (NOUs) – UNEP and its Regional Offices
• Participated by Customs from 80 countries: – Asia Pacific: 34– Europe & Central Asia: 23– Africa: 20 – South America: 3– North America: None
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Preliminary seizure summaryPreliminary seizure summary• Reported seizures globally:
– 27 seizures– 6087 cylinders– 107,5 tons ODS – 668 pieces of equipment
• Reported seizures in Europe & Central Asia– 15 seizures (56% of total)– 1833 cylinders (30% of total)– 45 metric tons ODS (42% of total)– 498 pieces of equipment (75% of total)
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Preliminary seizure summaryPreliminary seizure summaryReporting country
No of cases
ODS seizureNo of
containersODS in kg
No of equipment
Armenia 1 R502 15 240 0
China 1 R12 1140 15504 0
France 1 Unknown 1760 44000 0
Gambia 1 R22 12 192 0
Hongkong 1 R12 100 1600 0
Croatia 1 R134A 10 160 0
India 3 R22 & R22 mixture 1139 18224 170
Kenia 1 R12 37 592 0
Poland 1 R22 2 14 0
Sweden 7 R12, R134a, R600A 0 0 472
Thailand 4 R12, R22 1766 25286 0
Uzbekistan 4R12, R22, R134a,
R600a46 736 26
Bahrain 1 R12, R22 60 960 0
Total 27 6087 107508 668
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eConclusions
Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme
• There is remaining illegal trade in banned ODS (CFC, halon, CTC) and increasingly in restricted substances e.g. HCFCs
• Encourage your Customs colleagues to participate in ECA Ozone Protection Award 2011 for Customs & Enforcement Officer (July 2010 – June 2011)
• Watch out for ODS labelled as recycled substance, ODS alternatives e.g. HFCs or “Replace for …”
• Inform your Customs colleagues on new 2012 HS codes for ODS and the existing ones for ODS mixtures
• Establish contact with the designated Customs focal points for the Montreal Protocol.
• Consider requesting a back-to-back Green Customs seminar with one of your future meetings
• Encourage use of WCO e-learning modules on Montreal Protocol, CITES, Green Customs
• Include Montreal Protocol and Green Customs in training curricula and publications
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Four seizures of R12, R22, R134a, R600a by Uzbek Customs in 2010 – in total 46 cylinders and 0,7 metric tons
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0,65 tons in 48 cylinders of R12 seized by Royal Thai Customs on 6 May 2010 – some labeled as R134a
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12 cylinders of R12 seized by Gambian Customs on 4 June 2010, together with over 2 tons of cocaine
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15 tons in 1140 cylinders of R12 seized by China Customs at Huangpu on 25 June 2010
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8.9 tons in 528 cylinders of R12 and R22 seized by Royal Thai Customs on 4 August 2010
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100 cylinders R12 seized by Hong Kong Customs on 2 Sept. 2010