Post on 16-Aug-2015
transcript
PRESENTATION TITLE GOES HERE
Untangled: Improve Efficiency with
Modern Cable Choices
Dennis Martin
President, Demartek
2 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
Agenda
About Demartek
Why Discuss Cables and Connectors?
Cables
Copper
Fiber-Optic
Connectors
Demartek Free Resources
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Demartek Video
Demartek YouTube Channel:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Demartek/videos
Click to view this one minute video
(available in 720p and 1080p)
http://www.demartek.com/Demartek_Video_Library.html
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About Demartek
Industry Analysis and ISO 17025 accredited test lab
Lab includes servers, networking & storage
Ethernet: 1, 10 & 40 Gbps: NFS, SMB (CIFS), iSCSI,
FCoE and SR-IOV
Fibre Channel: 4, 8 & 16 Gbps
Servers: 8+ cores, large RAM
Virtualization: VMware, Hyper-V, Xen, KVM
We prefer to run real-world applications to test servers
and storage solutions (databases, Hadoop, etc.)
Website: www.demartek.com/TestLab
5 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
Cabling is not as well known among IT staff
Some jurisdictions have cable-related ordinances
Often related to fire prevention
How long do you keep the following in service?
Servers
Storage systems
Network switches
Network cables
Why Discuss Cables and Connectors?
Many examples in this presentation show Ethernet
but can be and often are applied to other interfaces
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Cable Life
Laying of network cables can be labor-intensive
Cable trays, inside walls, etc.
Fiber optic cabling service life: 15 – 20 years
Cable choices must meet existing needs and
future technology needs
What speeds of Ethernet, Fibre Channel, Infiniband,
SAS/SCSI & USB were you running 5, 10, 15 years ago?
7 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
Cable Options - Copper
Good for short distances
Same rack or nearby rack
Usually heavier and stiffer than fiber-optic cables
Transceiver or connector usually mounted on cable
Less expensive than equivalent fiber-optic solutions
Theft concern?
8 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
Cable Options – Fiber-Optic
Good for short, medium and long distances
Light weight
Thin
Use optical transceivers (optics)
Separate from cable
Generally better Bit Error Rates (BER) than copper
cables
Important for high speeds and long distances
9 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
Types of Copper Cables - DAC
Direct Attach Copper (DAC)
Multiple connector styles (CX, SFP, QSFP, etc.)
Passive
No additional power
Short lengths
Active
Additional power
Longer lengths
Used for Ethernet, Infiniband, SAS
10 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
Types of Copper Cables – BASE-T
Familiar RJ45 twisted-pair cables used for general
Ethernet at home and in the office
Different “categories” for different speeds
Cat5 – 100MbE and short-distance 1GbE*
Cat5e – 1GbE
Cat6 – 1GbE and short-distance 10GbE*
Cat6a – 10GbE
Cat7 – 10GbE
Cat8 – 40GbE (proposed standard)
* May not always work at this speed, YMMV
11 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
Types of Cables – Fiber-Optic
Mode: multi-mode and single mode
Indoor
Suitable for indoor applications
Outdoor
Also known as Outside Plant (OSP)
Water resistant (liquid and frozen)
Ultraviolet light resistant
Indoor/Outdoor
Similar to Outdoor
Added fire-retardant jacket, allowing deployment inside
building entrance beyond the OSP maximum distance
12 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
Connectors Today
Connector speeds: Today
Ethernet: 10Gbps per lane
Fibre-Channel: 16Gbps per lane
Infiniband: 14Gbps per lane
Higher speeds achieved in parallel
Ethernet: 40Gbps = 4 x 10Gbps, 100Gbps = 10 x 10Gbps
Infiniband: 56Gbps = 4 x 14Gbps (FDR)
Parallel speeds are sometimes known as “channel
bonded” solutions
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Connectors - Future
New 25/28G connectors
28 Gigabaud signaling rates
Ethernet – 25Gbps per lane (1, 2, 4 and 10 lanes)
Fibre Channel – 32Gbps per lane (1 and 4 lanes)
Infiniband – 25Gbps per lane (4 lanes)
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25Gb PHYs are beginning to appear
Why not 25GbE over single-lane connection?
25G Ethernet Consortium Announcement – July 1, 2014
Arista Networks, Broadcom, Google, Mellanox and Microsoft
25GbE and 50GbE specifications, Draft 1.4 – Sept. 2014
www.25GEthernet.org
IEEE has announced a 25GbE study group – July 2014
Server interconnects – backplane, copper cable, multimode fiber
http://www.ieee802.org/3/by/index.html
Standard completion target date: Sept. 2016
Ethernet 25GigE
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Connector Types for Ethernet
Lanes Max. Speed per
lane (Gbps)
Max. Speed
total (Gbps) Cable Type Usage
CX4 4 2.5, 5 10, 20 Copper 10GbE
RJ45 1 1, 10 1, 10 Copper 1GbE, 10GbE
SFP 1 1 1 Copper, Optical 1GbE
SFP+ 1 10 10 Copper, Optical 10GbE
QSFP 4 5 20 Copper, Optical Various
QSFP+ 4 10 40 Copper, Optical 40GbE
CXP 10, 12 10 100, 120 Copper 100GbE
CFP 10 10 100 Optical 100GbE
MTP/MPO 6 or 12 10 120 Optical 40GbE, 100GbE
Some of these connector types can be used for other
interfaces such as Fibre Channel or Infiniband. In those
cases, the maximum speed per lane may be different.
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Connector Diagrams
QSFP, QSFP+
4 lanes
CX4
4 lanes
CXP
10 or 12 lanes
SFP, SFP+
1 lane
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10GbE SFP-style Cable Comparison
10GbE Copper DAC
OM1 with LC connector
OM3 with LC connector
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QSFP/QSFP+ Example
QSFP+ to 4-SFP+
breakout
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MPT Example
MPT (12 fibers) to 6-LC breakout
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Various Designations – 10GbE
10GBASE-T – 10GbE with RJ45
10GBASE-CX4 – 10GbE with DAC (4-lane CX)
10GBASE-CR – 10GbE with DAC (SFP+)
10GBASE-SR – 10GbE with short range optics
Up to a few hundred meters
10GBASE-LR – 10GbE with long range optics
Up to 10KM
10GBASE-ER – 10GbE with extended range optics
Up to 40KM
10GBASE-ZR – 10GbE with long range optics
Up to 80KM – not an official standard
23 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
Ethernet Public Roadmap – March 2015
http://www.ethernetalliance.org/roadmap/
Development of four new speeds
began in 2014:
2.5 GbE, 5 GbE, 25 GbE, 400 GbE
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SAS Mini-SAS HD connectors
Cables can be copper
or fiber-optic
See larger versions of these diagrams and information for other
storage interfaces on the Demartek Storage Interface
Comparison page:
http://www.demartek.com/Demartek_Interface_Comparison.html
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USB 3.1 Type-C Cable & Connector
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Cabling Recommendations Fiber Optic Cables (data center)
Recommendation: OM4 cables for current & future
OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4
Jacket color Orange Orange Aqua Aqua
1 Gb/s 300m 500m 860m –
2 Gb/s 150m 300m 500m –
4 Gb/s 70m 150m 380m 400m
8 Gb/s 21m 50m 150m 190m
10 Gb/s 33m 82m Up to 300m Up to 400m
16 Gb/s 15m* 35m 100m 125m
40 Gb/s – – 100m 150m
* Not recommended
27 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
As interface speeds increase, expect increased usage of
fiber-optic cables and connectors for most interfaces
At higher Gigabit speeds, passive copper cables and
interconnects experience “amplitude loss” and become too
“noisy” except for short distances (within a rack or to
adjacent racks)
Expect to see “active copper” for some higher-speed
connection types
Active copper can go longer distances than passive copper
Active copper is thinner allows for better airflow than passive
copper
Active copper uses more power than passive copper
Cabling Recommendations Future Technology Outlook
28 2015 Data Storage Innovation Conference. © Demartek All Rights Reserved.
Demartek comments on Flash Memory Summit 2014
www.demartek.com/Demartek_Flash_Memory_Summit_2014_Commentary.html
Demartek comments on IDF2014 & NVMe
www.demartek.com/Demartek_Comments_IDF2014_and_NVMe_Thunderbolt_2_USB_3_1.html
Demartek SSD Deployment Guide
www.demartek.com/Demartek_SSD_Deployment_Guide.html
Demartek Video Library - www.demartek.com/Demartek_Video_Library.html
Demartek FC Zone – www.demartek.com/FC
Demartek iSCSI Zone – www.demartek.com/iSCSI
Demartek SSD Zone – www.demartek.com/SSD
Demartek Free Resources
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Downloadable interactive PDF version now available
Search engine: “storage interface comparison”
www.demartek.com/Demartek_Interface_Comparison.html
Storage Interface Comparison
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Free Monthly Newsletter
Demartek publishes a free monthly
newsletter, Demartek Lab Notes,
highlighting recent reports, articles
and commentary.
Look for the newsletter sign-up at:
www.demartek.com/Newsletter
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Thank You!
Dennis Martin, President
dennis@demartek.com
www.linkedin.com/in/dennismartin
(303) 940-7575
www.demartek.com
http://twitter.com/Demartek
www.youtube.com/Demartek
Skype: Demartek
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