Urbanization

Demographics, Environment, Politics

Structural Steel

• Structural Steel changed the urban environment with bridges and sky-scrapers

Brooklyn Bridge

‘Skyscraper’

“Chicago School”

• Great Chicago Fire of 1871 demanded a new city to be built

• Soaring population descended on Chicago

• “Chicago School” a small group of professional architects designing the new, tall, buildings

Connecticut Mill

Chicago home

San Jose

• 1883, Third and Santa Clara streets

• Odd Fellows Building

Jacob Riis School

• Cities, comprehensive free public school systems and public libraries

Public works

• Street paving, trolley tracks, underground subway lines

Trolley, North First in San Jose

Sewers and Water mains

• Flush toilet, bathtubs, and lavatories in new apartments—because of improvements in city sewers and water mains.

Bosses

• William Marcy Tweed or “Boss Tweed” of New York

• Bribery and Graft to control New York politics

Nast cartoon

Tammany Hall

Tammany Hall

Lincoln Steffens

2009