U.S. HistoryEOC Review

Becoming a World Power through World War II

The 18th Amendment

This amendment prohibited the sale and use of alcoholic beverages.

The 21st Amendment

This amendment passed in 1933 repealed the prohibition of alcohol, the 18th amendment.

A. Philip Randolph

He was the founder of the first black labor union and a prominent Civil Rights leader

Al Capone

This Chicago-based gangster ran a crime syndicate based on smuggling and bootlegging of liquor during the Prohibition Era of the 1920s and 1930s.

Alice Paul

She was an American suffragist leader who, along with Lucy Burns, led a successful campaign for women\'s suffrage that resulted in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920.

Allied Powers

These were the nations united against the Axis during World War II.

Alsace-Lorraine

This is an area of present-day eastern France annexed by the Germans in WWII; it had been occupied by the French following the Treaty of Versailles.

Anschluss

This is the term given to the March 1938 German annexation of Austria, making it part of the growing Nazi empire.

Apollo Theater

This theater is located in Harlem in New York City and was famous for hosting mostly African-American music acts for most of the 20th Century.

Appeasement

This is a policy of accepting imposed conditions by one country to avoid combat with another.

Assembly Line

This is a manufacturing process that uses interchangeable parts added in sequence to create a finished product.

Atlantic Charter

This was the document developed by Churchill and Roosevelt in 1941 that helped establish the vision for post-World War II.

Atomic Bomb

This was the nuclear weapon used by the U.S. to force Japan to surrender during WWII.

Axis

This was the alliance of nations that opposed the Allies in World War II.

Babe Ruth

Know as the "Sultan of Swat" this baseball great played for the New York Yankees, was the "Home Run King" until 1974, and is often credited with saving the game of baseball after the disgrace of the 1919 World Series.

Bank Holiday

This is a term used for emergency bank closures mandated by Congress to relieve financial crises.

Bank Run

This term refers to events that occurred during the Great Depression where panicked customers withdrew their deposits in fear that the banks were going to close and their investments would be lost.

Bataan Death March

This Japanese war crime resulted in the deaths of over 11,000 American prisoners as part of the Battle of the Philippines in 1942.

Battle Of Midway

This was a WWII naval battle in the Pacific Theater in June of 1942. It was a clear defensive victory for the US against the attacking Japanese and permanently weakened the Japanese Navy.

Battle Of The Bulge

This is the name given to the World War II battle between US and German forces in Belgium in late 1944 and early 1945. It was the last attempt by Hitler to break through Allied lines.

Black Tuesday

This is the name given to the day in October of 1929 when the Stock Market crashed.

Blitzkrieg

This was a rapid new attack method used by Nazi Germany in WWII.

Bond

This is a contract to repay borrowed money, often issued by a company. This issues financial security for a debt.

Bonus Army

During the Great Depression (specifically 1932), this group of veterans protested in Washington, D.C., to receive their 'bonus' for fighting in World War I, though payment was not required until the next decade.

Booker T. Washington

This was a U.S. educator and reformer. He became perhaps the most prominent African American leader of his time.

Bootlegging

This term refers to the illegal Prohibition-era business of making liquor and transporting it using camouflage or stealthy means.

Brain Trust

This is the term used for a group of advisors to President Roosevelt. Most of them were experts in their particular fields.

Bryan

He was a Democratic candidate for President three times, supporter of American farmers, the US Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson, and a fighter of evolution.

Buying On Margin

This term refers to the practice of buying stocks or securities with cash borrowed from a stock broker, in the hopes of paying back the borrowed money with profits from the purchased stocks.

Calvin Coolidge

Known for his laissez-faire economic policies, he became President in 1923 following the death of Warren G. Harding.

Cash and Carry

Prior to World War II, this was President Roosevelt's revision of the Neutrality Acts: participants in the war in Europe could purchase war materiel from the U.S. but only if they paid for them full up front and arranged for the transport of the goods themselves.

CCC

This was a New Deal program established to relieve unemployment during the Great Depression by providing national conservation work primarily for young unmarried men.

Charles Lindbergh

He was the first man to pilot the first solo non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927 aboard his airplane, The Spirit of St. Louis.

Churchill

He was a British statesman and leader during World War II.

Cool Talkers

This term refers to Native Americans who served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II whose job was to encode, transmit, and decode radio messages in the NavaJo language.

CORE

This group was founded in 1942 by James Farmer to coordinate a non-violent resistance movement to Jim Crow laws.

Court Packing Bill

This was a bill sponsored by Roosevelt that would have given the President power to appoint an extra Supreme Court Justice for every sitting Justice over 70 1/2.

Darrow

He was a famous defense lawyer of the early 20th century, perhaps most notable for his work in the famous "Scopes Trial" (1925), as well as defending Leopold and Loeb in their 1924 murder case.

Dictatorship

A government in which absolute power is exercised by one ruler.

Double V

This term refers to the World War II civil rights campaign begun by African American newspaper The Pittsburgh Courier that called for a victory over the Axis powers and a victory over racial oppression at home.

Douglas MacArthur

This was a United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II; he accepted the surrender of Japan (1880-1964).

Dumbarton Oaks

This was the site of the 1944 meeting between the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and China, that yielded what would become the United Nations.

Dust Bowl

This was the term given to the area of the Great Plains that was most greatly affected during the Great Drought of the 1930's.

Dwight Eisenhower

This was a United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961).

El Alamein

This is name of a town in northern Egypt in which Allied forces twice defeated Axis attempts in 1942 to advance towards the Suez Canal.

Executive Order 9066

This is the name given to the order that was issued by Franklin Roosevelt in 1942 and it resulted in the internment of over 120,000 citizens of Japanese ancestry for the duration of World War II.

Fascism

This is the name given to an authoritarian political system in which complete loyalty is given to the state, and usually a dictator.

FDIC

This was a federally sponsored corporation which insures deposits in national banks and certain other qualifying financial institutions up to a stated amount.

Fireside Chats

This was a series of radio talk shows featuring President Franklin Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944.

First Hundred Days

This term refers to initial reforms and changes made by Franklin Roosevelt upon becoming the President and beginning his "New Deal" programs.

Flappers

The nickname given to women of the 1920s who wore their dresses short, their hair shorter, and lived a very active social life.

Franklin Roosevelt

He was the longest-serving president of the United States and the only president elected more than twice.

GI Bill

This is what provided for college or vocational education for WWII veterans as well as one-year of unemployment compensation.

Great Depression

This was a period of global economic crisis that lasted from 1929 to 1939. There was widespread poverty and high unemployment.

Great Migration

This was the large movement of African Americans from the Southern U.S. to the Northern U.S. in the early-20th century.

Harlem Renaissance

This was the period during 1920s of outstanding creativity centered in New York's black ghetto.

Harry Truman

He was 33rd President of the United States, taking over after the death of Franklin Roosevelt, and was responsible for giving the orders to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in 1945.

Hawley Smoot Tariff

This 1930 tariff was passed with the goal of protecting the American economy, but in reality it reduced U.S. imports and exports by as much as 50%.

Henry Ford

This was the founder of an automobile company and the first person to apply assembly line manufacturing to affordable automobiles.

Herbert Hoover

He was the 31st President of the U.S. He was progressive, humanitarian and Republican. He lost favor with the American public due to the Great Depression and his ill-fated technical solutions.

Hirohito

He was the leader of Japan before, during, and after World War II.

Hiroshima

This is the Japanese city that was the first to be subjected to nuclear warfare to bring about the end of WWII.

Hitler

This was the totalitarian leader of Nazi Germany during World War II.

Hoover Blanket

This was the popular name for old newspapers that were used by the homeless as bedding during the Great Depression, so named because president Herbert Hoover was blamed for the economic crisis.

Hoovervilles

This is the name given to the Depression-era villages, comprised of shacks built with leftover wood, crates, and sheet metal. They were usually havens for disease and represented the desperation of the masses after the collapse of the stock market.

Huey Long

He was a Louisiana Democrat who served as both Governor and Senator. He proposed more radical methods than Roosevelt\'s New Deal, entitled Share Our Wealth. He had Presidential ambitions, but was assassinated in 1935.

Internment

This is a term referring to the imprisonment or confinement of people, generally in prison camps or prisons, without due process of law and a trial.

Iron Curtain

This is a western name for the boundary which symbolically and physically divided Europe from the end of WWII until the end of the Cold War.

Isolationism

This is a policy of nonparticipation in international affairs.

Iwo Jima

This was a fierce battle on a small Pacific Island in February-March of 1945 that took place against Japanese forces. The US gained a key military airstrip as a result.

Jazz Age

This is a period during the 1920s when the national attitude was positive and upbeat, and Americans had money as the stock market soared. Traditional values saw a decline, and Modernism was the cultural focus.

Jim Crow

Laws requiring that facilities and accommodations, public and private, be segregated by race.

Joseph Stalin

He was the totalitarian dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 through 1953.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

This agreement, signed by 65 nations in 1928, prohibited the use of war as an "instrument of national policy."

Korematsu V. United States

This was the Supreme Court case which declared that internment of Japanese-Americans was constitutional.

Ku Klux Klan

This was a secret society organized in the South after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by means of terrorism, fell from prominence after Reconstruction, but was reborn in the 1920s and remained powerful through the 1960s.

Laissez Faire

This a French term which means "allow to do", relating to the philosophy that government should stay out of the economic markets.

Langston Hughes

He was a prolific African-American poet, novelist and playwright who is best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance.

Lend Lease

This was a program of the U.S. government during WWII which provided allies with war material while keeping the U.S. from actively engaging in combat.

Los Alamos

This facility was founded in north-central New Mexico during the 1940s in conjunction with the Manhattan Project, the plan to create an atomic bomb.

Manchuria

This is the Chinese region that was a military and political battleground between Japan, China, and Russia; Russia claimed it in the late-1800s, Japan later took control of it and kept it under their control until the end of the Second World War.

Manhattan Project

This was the effort during WWII to develop the first nuclear weapons of the United States in collaboration with the U.K. and Canada.

Mobilization

This is an organization of a nation's armed forces for active military service in time of war or other national emergency.

Munich Conference

This was a meeting of European countries which led to, through appeasement, the surrender of Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany.

Mussolini

He was a leader of Italy during World War II and ally to Adolph Hitler. He created a fascist state through the use of state terror and propaganda.

NAACP

This is the oldest and largest U.S. civil rights organization. Members of this have referred to it as The National Association.

National Labor Relations Act

This is the name of the second city to be attacked with an atomic weapon during World War II.

National Recovery Act

This was part of Roosevelt\'s New Deal that tried to stimulate the US economy out of the Great Depression by giving Presidential powers to regulate businesses.

Nationalism

This is often viewed as an extreme form of patriotism.

Nativism

In the late 19th century, this political and social movement swept through the United States, its followers believing that all people who were not born in the U.S. and were of European heritage should be banned from the country.

Nazism

In the early-20th century, Adolf Hitler was the leader of this fascist movement known for its repressive government and genocidal social policies.

Neutrality

This is the policy of a nation to take no side in a war between other countries in the hopes of avoiding attack themselves.

Neutrality Acts

These were a series of 1930s laws passed to keep the US out of the growing tensions in Europe and Asia.

New Deal

These were the programs and policies to promote economic recovery and social reform introduced during the 1930's by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Nimitz

He was a five-star during World War II who oversaw U.S. operations in the Pacific Theatre of War and Allied strategy of "island hopping."

The 19th Amendment

This amendment guaranteed that all women in the United States would have the right to vote.

Nisei

This is the name for the combat group made up entirely of Japanese American soldiers who fought in Europe during World War II.

NLRB

This was a U. S. government agency charged with administering the National Labor Relations Act (1935).

Non Aggression Pact

This was the agreement made between Germany and the Soviet Union in August 1939 in which both sides agreed to stay neutral in the event either were attacked by a third party.

Normandy Invasion

This is another name for Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of western Europe that began on June 6, 1944.

Nuremburg War Trials

Nazi World War II criminals were tried during these before an international tribunal.

Okies

This is a slang term for a person from Oklahoma. It is sometimes used, generically, to refer to migrants who settled in California during the Great Depression.

Pacific Theater

This refers to the SPECIFIC area of fighting between Japanese and Allied forces during World War II.

Palmer Raids

These were assaults ordered by Attorney General Mitchell Palmer on suspected radicals after World War I. They were controversial because of the lack of evidence that was needed to carry them out.

Parallel Timelines

These are two or more timelines used to compare developments in different areas in the same time frame.

Pearl Harbor

This is the U.S. Naval base attacked by the Japanese in 1941 that brought the U.S. into WW II.

Poland

This country was invaded by Germany in the fall of 1939. This began WWII.

Polish Corridor

After World War I this strip of land left Danzig, in East Prussia, separated from the rest of Germany. This was one of the issues leading to the Second World War.

Potsdam Conference

This meeting of the Allied leaders was held in the Summer of 1945 in Eastern Germany following the Nazi surrender, and determined the fate of post-war Germany.

Prohibition

This was the outlawing of the sale, production, or transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Propaganda

This term refers to a method of influencing a community in favor of or against some cause. This method of communicating often is, by definition, biased and leaves out selective information.

Protective Tariff

This is a tax on imported goods designed to prevent domestic companies from having to compete with foreign goods of lower price or superior quality.

Public Works Administration

This New Deal program allowed money to be spent on the construction of public works to provide employment to out of work Americans, improve the public welfare, and contribute to a revival of American industry.

Radio

This communication medium became popular in the early-Twentieth Century, providing people with both information and entertainment.

Ration

This is the controlled distribution and consumption of scarce resources and goods.

Recession

This is a decline in a country\'s GDP for two or more successive quarters. It is usually characterized by a significant decline in economic activity.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

This independent regulatory committee was created in 1932 during the Hoover Administration in an attempt to support banks and railroads during the early part of the Great Depression.

Red Scare

This was the period after each world war which saw massive upheaval in the U.S. and fear of many foreigners. It was characterized by widespread fears of Communist influence on U.S. society and Communist infiltration of the U.S. government.

Return to Normalcy

This was the campaign promise by Warren G. Harding during the Election of 1920, echoing many peoples' desire to get back to a simpler way of life following World War I.

Rhineland

This area along the German/Belgian border was demilitarized following World War I and was a focal point of Adolf Hitler\'s expansionistic goals in the years leading up to World War II

Robert Oppenheimer

This notable scientist is often called the "father of the atomic bomb" for his role in the Manhattan Project, the World War II program that developed the first nuclear weapons.

Roosevelt’s 3 R’s

This term describes the 3 goals of FDR's New Deal programs: relief, recovery, and reform.

Rosie the Riveter

This was a fictional woman that represented all the women that took manufacturing jobs during WWII to support the war effort.

Rugged Individualism

This political philosophy was advocated by Herbert Hoover (and other conservative politicians) at the start of the Great Depression that advocated personal self-reliance.

Sacco And Vanzetti Case

This is the name given to the 1920 murder trial involving two Italian immigrants, the outcome of which was likely influenced by the First Red Scare.

Scopes Trial

William Jennings Bryan was a three time Democratic Party candidate for President, orator of the famous "Cross of Gold Speech" in 1896, and �won this infamous trial in 1925.

SEC

This regulatory agency of the U.S. Government was created in 1934 to provide oversight of the country's stock market.

Security Council

This organ of the United Nations is made up of five permanent members- China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States- and ten other rotating countries. The group has ultimate power within the U.N. to investigate any international disputes or incidents.

Silent Cat

This nickname refers to the lack of talking that that the 30th President of the United States was known for.

Social Security

This is a federal government program that provides income support to people who are unemployed, disabled, or over the age of 65.

Soup Kitchens

These facilities were organized and sponsored by churches or charities during the Great Depression in an effort to feed the homeless and needy.

Speakeasy

This is the name given to bars and nightclubs that illegally sold alcohol during the era of Prohibition.

Speculation

This is a buying a commodity- such as land or stock- that with an unusually high risk but with the expectation of a substantial gain when the price goes up.

Stalingrad

The was the site of a major battle between German and Soviet forces from July 1942 to February 1943 in which over 750,000 Germans and nearly 500,000 Soviets were either killed, wounded, or missing.

Stock Market Crash

This was a famous dramatic loss of value in the shares of stock in corporations that hit the U.S. in 1929.

Sudetenland

This is the name of the western region of Czechoslovakia that was inhabited mostly by German speaking peoples and that was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938.

Suffrage

This is the right to vote.

Supreme Court

This court has appellate jurisdiction and limited original jurisdiction; this court is the final court of appeals.

Susan B. Anthony

This was women's suffrage pioneer co-founded the women's rights journal, "The Revolution," pushed for emancipation, and eventually was placed on a dollar coin.

The Jazz Singer

This 1927 film was the first to feature recorded sound accompanying the motion picture, and is regarded as the first "talkie."

Thomas Edison

Known as the "Wizard of Menlo Park," he is famous for his hundred of inventions, including the incandescent light bulb, phonograph, the Dictaphone, and hundreds of others.

Three R’s

This term is used to describe the type of basic education that all students should receive: reading, writing, and arithmetic.

Tojo

He was a General in the Japanese Imperial Army and the country's Prime Minister during World War II.

Totalitarian

This is a centralized government that does not tolerate opposing political opinions.

Treaty of Versailles

This was an international agreement signed in 1919 that ended WWI.

Tuskegee Airmen

These men were the first African American military aviators in the United States armed forces and they served with distinction in WWII.

The 21st Amendment

This amendment was passed in 1933 and ended "Prohibition."

TVA

Created by Congress as one of the major public-works projects of the New Deal, this built a system of dams in the southeast.

United Nations

This is an international organization created following World War II to provide a way to negotiate disputes.

VE Day

This is the name given to the end of World War II in Europe in May of 1945. It stands for "Victory in Europe" Day.

Victory Garden

This is the name given to small agricultural plots farmed by American and other Allied families during World War I and World War II.

VJ Day

This is the name given to the surrender of Japan and the end of fighting in the Pacific Theatre of World War II in August of 1945.

Volstead Act

This is what helped to enforce the eighteenth amendment, dealing with alcohol prohibition.

War Bonds

These were a type of savings bonds used by governments to help fund their war effort.

War of the Worlds

This is not only the name of a famous science fiction novel, but its 1938 radio adaptation whose realistic portrayal of an alien invasion caused panic and desperation as it aired.

Warren G. Harding

He was the 29th President of the United States (1921-1923), and is famous for his many scandals- including the Teapot Dome Scandal- and for dying in office.

W. E. B. DuBois

He was a major African American civil rights leader in the late 19th century through the first half of the 20th century. He was an author, historian, and a co-founder of the NAACP in 1909.

Women’s Suffrage

This was a movement to give females the right to vote.

Woody Guthrie

An American singer-songwriter and folk musician who wrote about his Dust Bowl experiences.

World War II

This was a worldwide military conflict from 1939 to 1945 in which the Axis and Allies were pitted against each other.

WPA

Created in 1935 under the New Deal, it aimed to stimulate the economy during the Great Depression and preserve the skills and self-respect of unemployed persons by providing them useful work.

Zoot Suit Riots

This refers to a series of riots between white sailors and Latino youths in Los Angeles during World War II.

Yalta Conference

This was the meeting that took place in February of 1945 between the heads of state of the WWII allied powers. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the reorganization of Europe after WWII.

Zora Neale Hurston

This Harlem Renaissance author produced four novels and more than 50 published short stories, plays, and essays.