Post on 28-Dec-2015
transcript
U.S. HistoryU.S. History
The Civil WarThe Civil War
Goal 3: Goal 3: Crisis, Crisis, Civil War, and Civil War, and ReconstructioReconstructio
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1848-18771848-1877
The federal troops at Fort Sumter The federal troops at Fort Sumter began to run out of supplies and began to run out of supplies and were on the brink of starvation. were on the brink of starvation. Lincoln not wanting to anger the Lincoln not wanting to anger the remaining Southern states in the remaining Southern states in the Union decided not to supply them to Union decided not to supply them to avoid violence with the South.avoid violence with the South.
Fort SumterFort Sumter Jefferson Davis, President Jefferson Davis, President
of the Confederate states of the Confederate states issued an attack on Fort issued an attack on Fort Sumter.Sumter.
April 12, 1861, citizens of April 12, 1861, citizens of Charleston were awaken Charleston were awaken to blasts of cannons firing to blasts of cannons firing on the fort. After 4, 000 on the fort. After 4, 000 rounds were fired, the rounds were fired, the federal troops surrendered federal troops surrendered without a single lost of life.without a single lost of life.
This was the start of the This was the start of the Civil War.Civil War.
The Civil War BeginsThe Civil War Begins
When Lincoln called for enlistments in When Lincoln called for enlistments in the Federal Army after the Fort Sumter the Federal Army after the Fort Sumter attack; Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, attack; Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina seceded.and North Carolina seceded.
Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky (slaves states) stayed in the Kentucky (slaves states) stayed in the Union—counties in the west of Virginia Union—counties in the west of Virginia broke away and formed West Virginiabroke away and formed West Virginia
North vs. SouthNorth vs. South
The Union vs. The Confederate The Union vs. The Confederate States of AmericaStates of America
The Union (USA) The North Blue President: Abraham
Lincoln Capital:
Washington, DC Commander(s):
George McClellan; Ulysses S. Grant
* GOAL: preserve the Union
The Confederate States of America (The Confederacy)
The South Grey President:
Jefferson Davis Capital:
Richmond, Va. Commander:
Robert E. Lee GOAL: preserve states’
rights
AdvantagesAdvantagesSouthern AdvantagesSouthern Advantages
Profits from “King Cotton” Profits from “King Cotton” provided money for the war effortprovided money for the war effort
Great military leaders & a strong Great military leaders & a strong military traditionmilitary tradition
Soldiers fighting for a “cause” Soldiers fighting for a “cause” who were highly motivatedwho were highly motivated
Northern AdvantagesNorthern Advantages Larger population so more fighting Larger population so more fighting
powerpower More factories to produce war goodsMore factories to produce war goods More food productionMore food production Extensive railroad system to Extensive railroad system to
transport goods and troopstransport goods and troops Lincoln was a skilled leaderLincoln was a skilled leader
Anaconda PlanAnaconda PlanThe Union devised a three part The Union devised a three part
plan to conquer the South:plan to conquer the South:1.1. The Union navy would blockade The Union navy would blockade
Southern portsSouthern ports
2.2. Control the Mississippi River to Control the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in halfcut the Confederacy in half
3.3. Capture the Confederate Capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Va.capital at Richmond, Va.
Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run The The Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run was fought was fought
on July 21, 1861 in Virginiaon July 21, 1861 in Virginia Confederacy led by Confederacy led by Thomas Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson“Stonewall” Jackson (he stood (he stood firm against the Union like a firm against the Union like a “stone wall”)“stone wall”)
The South won!The South won! This was a This was a major morale boostmajor morale boost
ShilohShiloh The Battle of Shiloh was fought The Battle of Shiloh was fought
on April 7, 1862 in on April 7, 1862 in TennesseeTennessee (considered a “western” battle)(considered a “western” battle)
It is significant because it It is significant because it showed the importance of showed the importance of sending out scouts, digging sending out scouts, digging trenches, and building fortstrenches, and building forts
• The battle was a draw
AntietamAntietam The The Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam was on was on
September 17, 1862 in Antietam, September 17, 1862 in Antietam, MarylandMaryland
It was the It was the bloodiest single day battlebloodiest single day battle in US Historyin US History
Northern victoryNorthern victory Lincoln fired Union commander Lincoln fired Union commander
George McClellanGeorge McClellan because he was too because he was too cautious and not aggressive enoughcautious and not aggressive enough
GettysburgGettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg was on The Battle of Gettysburg was on
July 1-3, 1863 in Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863 in Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
This was This was turning pointturning point of the of the war, because the South never war, because the South never won another battlewon another battle
Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address by Lincoln by Lincoln united the nation after this warunited the nation after this war
VicksburgVicksburg The The Battle of VicksburgBattle of Vicksburg was was
fought on July 4, 1863 in fought on July 4, 1863 in Vicksburg, MississippiVicksburg, Mississippi
Union victory!Union victory! The Union accomplished its goal The Union accomplished its goal
of of cutting the Confederacy in twocutting the Confederacy in two by seizing the Mississippi River by seizing the Mississippi River (Anaconda Plan)(Anaconda Plan)
Appomattox Court Appomattox Court HouseHouse
On April 9, 1865, Southern On April 9, 1865, Southern commander Robert E. Lee commander Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union surrendered to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant at commander Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Appomattox Courthouse in VirginiaVirginia
William Tecumseh William Tecumseh ShermanSherman
Sherman was a Union commanderSherman was a Union commander Believed in the concept of Believed in the concept of total wartotal war
(fighting the civilian population, (fighting the civilian population, because they helped support military because they helped support military effort)effort)
Sherman marched Union troops Sherman marched Union troops through the South, to through the South, to AtlantaAtlanta, , burning everything in his pathburning everything in his path
Effects of the Civil Effects of the Civil WarWar
Established the Established the supremacy of supremacy of federal authorityfederal authority over the states over the states
Eventually, Eventually, slavery was slavery was abolishedabolished, through legislation , through legislation (13(13thth Amendment) Amendment)
No state would ever try to No state would ever try to secedesecede from the Union again from the Union again
Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation
Jan. 1, 1863Jan. 1, 1863
The Proclamation did not free any The Proclamation did not free any slaves immediately because it slaves immediately because it applied only to areas behind the applied only to areas behind the Confederate line, outside Union Confederate line, outside Union controlcontrol
ConscriptionConscription
a draft that would force certain members of a draft that would force certain members of the population to serve in the armythe population to serve in the army
Confederacy Draft law 1862/Union Draft law Confederacy Draft law 1862/Union Draft law 1863.1863.
Some Southerners said this was a “rich man’s Some Southerners said this was a “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight” because Southern war but a poor man’s fight” because Southern men could pay to have substitutes serve for men could pay to have substitutes serve for them and slave owners with 20 or more slaves them and slave owners with 20 or more slaves did not have to fightdid not have to fight