Post on 03-Feb-2021
transcript
USAID’s Contribution In Addressing
Social Mobility in Asia
Adrian Ng’asi, USAID Bureau for Policy
Office of Donor Engagement August 22, 2014
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Key Global Policy Agenda
1.Millennium Development Goals
2.Post-2015 Process
3.Ending Extreme Poverty
Overview
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Key Documents Guiding USG Development Efforts
• Presidential Policy Directive on Global Development (PPD-6)
• Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review
PPD-6 and QDDR
“…To be effective in the 21st century, American diplomacy must
extend far beyond the traditional constituencies and
engage new actors, with particular focus on civil society…”
“…My administration views development as a strategic,
economic and moral imperative…”
- QDDR
- PPD-6
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Ending Extreme Poverty
Cambodian Fullbright Scholars
“...The United States will join with our allies to eradicate such extreme poverty in the next two decades by connecting more people to the global economy; by
empowering women; by giving our young and brightest minds new opportunities to serve, and helping communities to feed, and power, and
educate themselves; by saving the world’s children from preventable deaths; and by realizing the promise of an AIDS-free generation…”
– President Barack Obama, 2013 State of the Union Address
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Integrated Approach to Ending Extreme Poverty
INEQUALITY, GROWTH, AND SOCIAL MOBILITY
“Inequality can undermine progress in health and education, cause
investment-reducing political and economic instability, and undercut the
social consensus required to adjust in the face of shocks, and thus it tends
to reduce the pace and durability of growth”
- Jonathan D. Ostry, Andrew Berg, and Charalambos G. Tsangarides (2014)
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The ROLE OF GROWTH IN PROMOTING SOCIAL MOBILITY
Has played a significant role in reducing poverty and sharing prosperity (Dollar and Kraay 2002)
However, growth on its own lifts fewer and fewer people out of poverty (World Bank 2014)
Social Mobility is a function of better policies that create good paying
jobs and also allow people to engage fully in the development process
For example, long-term human capital investments coupled with labor
market policies have intergenerational effects in assisting children to
have better opportunities than those of their parents
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POLICY SPACE: SOCIAL MOBILITY PROMOTION Encourage policies that promote economic efficiency and social
mobility
Promote fiscal policies that do not have negative externalities on
growth
Introduce legislation that opens opportunities to minorities and
vulnerable groups
Increase spending on health and education to encourage access to
health services and better educational opportunities for the poor.
Reform the labor market to encourage women and youth to fully
participate in the economic and social development of the country
Provide social insurance to sustain long-term gains 9
USAID CONTRIBUTION USAID programs complement host government medium and long-term
development priorities. USAID supports programs that:
Increase access to vocational/technical/higher education and training
for the underserved and disadvantaged, including women, persons with
disabilities and marginalized ethnic groups. This includes the provision of
merit and need-based scholarships, internships and exchange programs
that align with host country development goals.
Improve the quality of higher education and research in support of
country development priorities. USAID promotes public-private
partnerships, including university partnerships and alliances, to deliver
skills, and science and technology relevant to market needs.
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Improve the relevance and quality of workforce development
programs.
The 2010 Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review reflects our
commitment to cultivating women’s leadership. It places women at the
center of U.S. diplomacy and development—not simply as beneficiaries,
but as agents of development, growth, stability, peace and
reconciliation.
Programs have been created to cultivate women leaders in business,
academia and research; strengthen the skills of female legislators and
legislative branch staff; foster women’s leadership as part of social
protection programs; and elevate women’s leadership in the business
community.
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http://www.state.gov/s/dmr/qddr/index.htm
The 2010 Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review reflects our
commitment to cultivating women’s leadership. It places women at the
center of U.S. diplomacy and development—not simply as beneficiaries,
but as agents of development, growth, stability, peace and
reconciliation.
Programs have been created to cultivate women leaders in business,
academia and research; strengthen the skills of female legislators and
legislative branch staff; foster women’s leadership as part of social
protection programs; and elevate women’s leadership in the business
community.
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http://www.state.gov/s/dmr/qddr/index.htm
BILATERAL US OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (Gross Disbursement, $US thousands)
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PERCENTAGE OF US BILATERAL ODA BY REGION (Net Disbursement)
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Americas8%
Asia20%
Europe2%
Middle East and North Africa
9%
Sub-Saharan Africa35%
Others26%
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Democracy and Human Rights 32%
Economic Development 25%
Health 12%
Humanitarian Assistance 8%
Education and Social Services
8%
Peace and Security 7%
Other 8%
Official U.S. Assistance to Asia Region by Sector, 2012 Disbursements
Source: EADS Foreign Assistance Database, August 2014
USAID/Philippines’ Mindanao Youth for Development (MYDev) is a five-year
project that addresses the key constraints to peace and stability in select
conflict-affected areas in Mindanao by enhancing the life skills and
employability of vulnerable out-of-school youth.
Enhancing Governance Accountability and Engagement (ENGAGE) is a five-
year USAID/Philippines project supporting improved governance to build
prosperity and stability in the Southern Philippines’ Mindanao region.
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GENDER EQUALITY AND FEMALE EMPOWERMENT
No society can develop successfully without providing equitable
opportunities, resources, and life prospects for both man and women.
Reduce gender disparities in access to control over and benefit from
resources, wealth, opportunities and services – economic, social,
political, and cultural.
Reduce gender-based violence and mitigate its harmful effects on
individuals and communities
Increase capability of women and girls to realize their rights, determine
their life outcomes, and influence decision-making in households,
communities, and societies.
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USAID/Nepal’s Health for Life project will strengthen
the Government of Nepal’s capacity to plan, manage
and deliver high-quality family planning and maternal,
newborn and child health services at the district and
local levels.
In partnership with the private sector, support the
regional economic platforms of APEC and ASEAN to
develop and strengthen national and regional
networks of women entrepreneurs
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Support stronger women’s business unions and women-led green
growth enterprises, and link them to clean energy project financing
investors.
In Cambodia, USAID is supporting scholarships for vulnerable youth;
school improvement grants; development and testing of relevant lower
secondary life skills curriculum; teacher training; school management
training; and building capacity of local civil society, including non-
governmental organizations (NGOs), and different government entities.
THANK YOU
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USAID’s Contribution In Addressing �Social Mobility in Asia���Adrian Ng’asi, �USAID Bureau for Policy�Office of Donor Engagement�August 22, 2014슬라이드 번호 2Key Documents Guiding USG Development Efforts 슬라이드 번호 4슬라이드 번호 5INEQUALITY, GROWTH, AND SOCIAL MOBILITYThe ROLE OF GROWTH IN PROMOTING SOCIAL MOBILITYPOLICY SPACE: SOCIAL MOBILITY PROMOTIONUSAID CONTRIBUTION 슬라이드 번호 11슬라이드 번호 12BILATERAL US OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (Gross Disbursement, $US thousands)PERCENTAGE OF US BILATERAL ODA BY REGION�(Net Disbursement)슬라이드 번호 15슬라이드 번호 16GENDER EQUALITY AND FEMALE EMPOWERMENT슬라이드 번호 18슬라이드 번호 19