Post on 06-Apr-2018
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YBAEOY] LOQMCJ NJL ABJQ\Y_A\MBJC_MLO@MJOQ
[ui`man|mbj Jb* HGSN$AH@"\L$;8$;;8 Jbxodioy 9;;8
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\oagjman` Yo{by| Lbaudoj|n|mbj [nco
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?* Yo{by| Ln|o
Jbxodioy 9;;88* Niq|yna|
Ybaeoymoq abjqmq| bh ony|g yo|nmjmjc njl"by {yb|oa|mbj q|yua|uyoq abd{ymqol bh mj|oy`baemjc, ly}$q|naeol ybaeqsm|gbu| dby|ny by q|oo` yomjhbyaodoj|* \go} gnxo iooj uqol hby |gbuqnjlq bh }onyq njl yo } bj |go somcg|, qmvo,
njl qgn{o bh mjlmxmlun` ybaeq |b {ybxmlo bxoyn`` q|nim`m|}* Qbdo bh |go ony`moq| ybaeoymoq abjq|yua|ol i} |go
Holoyn` Cbxoyjdoj| ln|o inae |b >=>7* Sm|gmj |go {ymxn|o qoa|by, abddoyamn``} ium`| ybaeoymoq gnxo iooj
abjq|yua|ol mj |go [namhma Jby|gsoq| hby n| `onq| |go `nq| hbuy loanloq njl mj Jby|goyj An`mhbyjmn njl Joxnln hby
n| `onq| |go `nq| >; }onyq* Nq ybaeoy} loqmcj {ybaoluyoq |ojl |b xny} yocmbjn``}, q|ulmoq soyo {oyhbydol |b
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soq|oyj _jm|ol Q|n|oq* \goqo loqmcj do|gblq soyo |goj abd{nyol uqmjc qoxoyn` |}{man` ybaeoy} loqmcj `bnlmjc
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in||oy-, ybae {yb{oy|moq njl {`naodoj|, njl `n|oyn` {yoqquyo md{bqol i} |go inaehm`` dn|oymn`q, snq loxo`b{ol*
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QM& 'DBLOYJ DO\YMA- ABJXOYQMBJ HNA\BYQN[[YBWMDN\O ABJXOYQMBJQ \B QM _JM\Q
Q}dib` Sgoj ]bu Ejbs Du`|m{`} I} \b Hmjl Q}dib`@OJC\G
mj mjagoq 9?**8> em`bdo|oyq ed
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\NI@O BH ABJ\OJ\Q
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AGN[\OY > MJ\YBL_A\MBJ***********************************************************************************************1
INAECYB_JL ********************************************************************************************************************** 1
[_Y[BQO BH Q\_L]************************************************************************************************************* ?YBAEOY] LOHMJM\MBJQ ***************************************************************************************************** 8
Dnj Ybaeq *********************************************************************************************************************** 3
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ********************************************>>GMQ\BYMA YBAEOYMOQ******************************************************************************************************* >>
DBLOYJ YBAEOY] LOQMCJ ******************************************************************************************* >1Holoyn` Cbxoyjdoj|******************************************************************************************************* >3
Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl**********************************************************************************************>7God{gm`` Abjqu`|mjc Ojcmjooyq*****************************************************************************91
Qomqdma [oyhbydnjao Luymjc |go Jmq~un``} Ony|g~uneo ***************************************9?
Cyn} ( Qb|my******************************************************************************************************************* 9=
Jby|goyj An`mhbyjmn Yocmbj ******************************************************************************************* 19Q_DDNY] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ ************************************************************** 13
AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ ********************************
ABD[NYMQBJ BH DO\GBLQ********************************************************************************************
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\NI@O BH ABJ\OJ\Q
Q_DDNY]**************************************************************************************************************************** 3=
AGN[\OY ? YBAEOY] ABJQ\Y_A\MBJ C_MLO@MJOQ*********************************************7>
OWANXN\MBJ ********************************************************************************************************************** 7>
Hbujln|mbj Owanxn|mbj ************************************************************************************************** 79
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Inae Au| Mja`mjn|mbj**********************************************************************************************78Inae Au| Q|nim`m|}**************************************************************************************************78
^_N@M\] BH INQO NJL HNAMJC YBAEQ********************************************************************** 73
YBAE [@NAODOJ\ ************************************************************************************************************ =;
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Hnamjc Ybae [`naodoj|************************************************************************************************** =1AY_QGOL YBAE VBJO****************************************************************************************************** =8
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[G]QMAN@ NJL COBDO\YMA [YB[OY\MOQ **************************************************************** >>?Ybaeoy} @n}bu|************************************************************************************************************ >>?
Lynmjnco*********************************************************************************************************************** >>7Oxn`un|mbj bh Inqo Sml|g ******************************************************************************************** >>=
[g}qman` Oxn`un|mbj**********************************************************************************************>>=
Cob{g}qman` Oxn`un|mbj ***************************************************************************************>>=COB\OAGJMAN@"COB@BCMA MJXOQ\MCN\MBJ ********************************************************** >99
YBAEOY] OXN@_N\MBJ ************************************************************************************************ >91
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IMI@MBCYN[G]**********************************************************************************************************************>1?
N[[OJLMW N N@\OYJN\MXO QOMQDMA LOQMCJ [YBAOL_YO >1=
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\NI@O BH ABJ\OJ\Q
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Hmcuyo 3* Cyn{gma* \}{man` ybaeoy} qagolu`o hybd Cunjo``n [nqq iml lbaudoj|q* ***********************>8
Hmcuyo 7* [gb|bcyn{g* Abd{`o|ol ybaeoy} hby Cunjo``n [nqq Ybnl, Ab`bynlb, 9;;?* ******************>3
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ybaeoymoq '[AYq- njl so``$abjq|yua|ol ybaeoymoq 'SAYq-, nh|oy
Gojlybj************************************************************************************************************************9>
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n{{`man|mbj bh |go God{gm`` loqmcj do|gbl*****************************************************************9>* [gb|bcyn{g* Qmjc`o$|moy, 1$d '>;$h|- ybaeoy}, Dm`m|ny} Ybnl n| Ojagnj|ol
[nyesn}, Holoyn` Sn}, Snqgmjc|bj 'Qm|o >-***************************************************************93
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[u}n``u{, Snqgmjc|bj 'Qm|o 9-, sm|g cu} smyo njagbyol n| inqo bh
ybaeoy}* ************************************************************************************************************************93
Hmcuyo >1* [gb|bcyn{g* Qmjc`o$|moy, >*9$d '
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\NI@O BH ABJ\OJ\Q
Hmcuyo >7* Cyn{gma* Nqqudol cobdo|yma yo`n|mbjqgm{q |b io uqol hby o~un|mbjq
qgbsj mj Hmcuyoq >8 njl >3* ****************************************************************************************1>
Hmcuyo >=* [gb|bcyn{g* Qmjc`o$|moy ybaeoy} abjq|yua|ol mj au| abjlm|mbj, O` Lbynlb
Gm``q, An`mhbyjmn '9;;>-************************************************************************************************19
Hmcuyo 9;* [gb|bcyn{g* [yb|oa|mjc ybaeoy} uqol nq n hnamjc hby n =*>$d$gmcg '1;$
h|$gmcg- DQO sn`` sm|g n ?*?$d '>7$h|- dnwmdud |moy gomcg| mj
Gojloyqbj, Joxnln '9;;>-* *****************************************************************************************11
Hmcuyo 9>* [gb|bcyn{g* [yb|oa|mjc ybaeoy} uqol nq n hnamjc dn|oymn` hby n |sb$|moy,3*8$d$gmcg '9?$h|$gmcg- qbm`$jnm` sn`` mj Ybae`mj, An`mhbyjmn '>===-* *************************11
Hmcuyo 99* [gb|bcyn{g* \gyoo$|moy, =*>$d$gmcg '1;$h|$gmcg- DQO q`b{o sm|g
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'>9; {ah-, njl HQ 4 9* *************************************************************?1
Hmcuyo 1;* Cyn{gma* Qagodn|ma ybaeoy} qoa|mbj qgbsmjc aym|man` lmdojqmbjq njl{nyndo|oyq |b io lo|oydmjol hby loqmcj* **********************************************************************?8
Hmcuyo 1>* O~un|mbj* Lo|oydmjn|mbj bh `n|oyn` ony|g {yoqquyo abohhmamoj|, EN, uqmjc
|go Abu`bdi do|gbl****************************************************************************************************?=
Hmcuyo 19 O~un|mbj Gbymvbj|n` hbyao bj inae bh ybaeoy} o~un` |b |go qud bh |go
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\NI@O BH ABJ\OJ\Q
Hmcuyo 1?* O~un|mbj* Oxn`un|mbj bh {nqqmxo yoqmq|njao n| |go ybaeoy} |bo**************************************8
Hmcuyo 81* [gb|bcyn{g* [`naodoj| bh hnamjc ybaeq uqmjc nj owanxn|by sm|g n
|gudi************************************************************************************************************************=9
Hmcuyo 8
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\NI@O BH ABJ\OJ\Q
Hmcuyo 3>3
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qondq njl ybaeq mja`mjol bu| bh hnao* ************************************************************************>>3
Hmcuyo 38* [gb|bcyn{g* Ownd{`o bh md{yb{oy ybaeoy} `n}bu| oxmlojaol i} qoxoyn`
xoy|man` qondq*************************************************************************************************************>>7
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mjagoq-************************************************************************************************************************>* Cyn{gma* Nqqudol Cobdo|y} hby Ownd{`o [ybi`od9
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\NI@O BH ABJ\OJ\Q
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\ni`o >* Abd{nymqbj bh dnj ybae lohmjm|mbjq* ********************************************************************************=
\ni`o 9* Quddny} bh ybaeoy} biqoyxn|mbjq hb``bsmjc |go 9;;> Jmq~un``}
ony|g~uneo********************************************************************************************************************98
\ni`o 1* Abd{nymqbj bh {yoqaym{|mxo loqmcj do|gblq mj lmhhoyoj| am|moq* **************************************17
\ni`o
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N& Nd{`mhmol {one naao`oyn|mbj
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N*L* @n|mj,Njjb Lbdmjm, auyyoj| an`ojlny o{bag
NBQ N{{nyoj| B{ojmjc Qmvon{one [one q{oa|yn` naao`oyn|mbj, cynxm|} 'c-
NYA Nqqbamn|ol Ybaeoy} Abj|yna|byq
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a, a \b|n` njl ohhoa|mxo qbm` abgoqmbj xn`uoq, yoq{oa|mxo`}, mj e[n* N`|gbucg
ohhoa|mxo q|yoqqoq nyo dbq| |}{man``} uqol, |go |oyd a mq abddbj`}
uqol |gybucgbu| |gmq yo{by|*
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An`\ynjq Q|n|o bh An`mhbyjmn, Lo{ny|doj| bh \ynjq{by|n|mbj
aH, aH \b|n` njl ohhoa|mxo qbm` abgoqmbj xn`uoq mj |go hbujln|mbj qbm`, mj e[n
AH@GL Aoj|yn` Holoyn` @njlq Gmcgsn} Lmxmqmbj
AMO Qomqdma mjoy|mn` abohhmamoj|
AB Abj|yna|mjc Bhhmaoy
l Lo{|g bh qbm` |b joc`oa| sgoj abd{u|mjc {nqqmxo yoqmq|mjc hbyao, d
l{one [one q{oa|yn` lmq{`naodoj|, ad
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L& Nd{`mhmol {one lmq{`naodoj|
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@MQ\ BH NIIYOXMN\MBJQ, NAYBJ]DQ, NJL Q]DIB@Q
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HN,X Xoy|man` abd{bjoj| bh na|mxo ony|g {yoqquyo hbyao, eJ '{oy do|oy bh
ybaeoy}-
HNO \b|n` q|n|ma {`uq qomqdma |gyuq| na|mjc bj ybaeoy}, eJ '{oy do|oy bh
ybaeoy}-
HNO Mjayodoj|n` qomqdma |gyuq| na|mjc bj ybaeoy}, eJ '{oy do|oy bh ybaeoy}-
HG Qud bh q|n|ma gbymvbj|n` lymxmjc hbyaoq na|mjc bj ybaeoy}, eJ '{oy do|oy
bh ybaeoy}-
HG,Q Qud bh q|n|ma njl qomqdma gbymvbj|n` lymxmjc hbyaoq na|mjc bj ybaeoy},eJ '{oy do|oy bh ybaeoy}-
HGSN Holoyn` Gmcgsn} Nldmjmq|yn|mbj
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H Q|n|ma yoqmq|mjc hyma|mbj hbyao bh ib||bd bh inqo ybae, eJ '{oy do|oy bh
ybaeoy}-
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HQ Hna|by bh qnho|}
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HQB\ Hna|by bh qnho|} sm|g yoq{oa| |b ow|oyjn` bxoy|uyjmjc
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@MQ\ BH NIIYOXMN\MBJQ, NAYBJ]DQ, NJL Q]DIB@Q
~dnw Dnwmdud n{{`mol ionymjc {yoqquyo n| |bo bh inqo ybae luo |b dbdoj|oaaoj|ymam|}, e[n
~dnw,q Dnwmdud n{{`mol ionymjc {yoqquyo n| |bo bh inqo ybae luo |b dbdoj|
oaaoj|ymam|} ujloy qomqdma `bnlmjc, e[n
~q Xoy|man` quyagnyco {yoqquyo na|mjc bj |go cybujl quyhnao iogmjl |go
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YQQ Yomjhbyaol qbm` q`b{o
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\n N``bsni`o |ojqm`o q|yojc|g hby cob|ow|m`o qbm` yomjhbyaodoj|, o~un` |b
@\LQ"HQ
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SAY So``$abjq|yua|ol ybaeoy} nq lohmjol i} N* F* Gojlybj, Fy*
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|oyd mq abddbj`} uqol |gybucgbu| |gmq yo{by|*
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OWOA_\MXO Q_DDNY]
OWOA_\MXO Q_DDNY]
N ybaeoy} mq n yo|nmjmjc by {yb|oa|mbj q|yua|uyo |gn| abjqmq|q bh q|naeol ybaeq sm|gbu| dby|ny,
abjayo|o, by q|oo` yomjhbyaodoj|* N`|gbucg |go ybaeq nyo q|naeol mj nj mj|oy`baemjc {n||oyj,
|goyo nyo jb doagnjman` abjjoa|mbjq dnlo io|sooj |go mjlmxmlun` ybaeq* Yn|goy, |goqo q|yua|uyoq
yo`} bj |go somcg|, qmvo, qgn{o, njl mj|oyhnao hyma|mbj bh |go ybae o`odoj|q |b {ybxmlo bxoyn``
q|nim`m|}* B|goy q|yua|uyoq, quag nq ym{yn{ yoxo|doj|q, ly}$q|nae ybae sn``q, njl cybu|ol ybae
sn``q, uqo ybaeq nq n {ymdny} abjq|yua|mbj dn|oymn`, n`|gbucg |go} nyo jb| abjqmloyol ybaeoymoq*
Hby |go {uy{bqo bh |gmq q|ul}, n ybaeoy} mq lohmjol nq nj ojcmjooyol q}q|od bh q|naeol njcu`ny
ybaeq {`naol sm|gbu| dby|ny mj nj n{{ybwmdn|o yujjmjc ibjl {n||oyj* Ybae lmdojqmbjq nyo
cojoyn``} cyon|oy |gnj
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OWOA_\MXO Q_DDNY]
\go bifoa|mxoq bh |gmq q|ul} nyo |b yoxmos owmq|mjc njn`}|man` do|gblq njl abjq|yua|mbj
|oagjm~uoq auyyoj|`} mj uqo njl |b loxo`b{ n ujmhmol hyndosbye hby loqmcj njl q{oamhman|mbj bh
ybaeoymoq mj dbloyj gmcgsn} abjq|yua|mbj* \go u`|mdn|o cbn` bh |go {ybfoa| mq |b {ybxmlo
loqmcjoyq, mjq{oa|byq, njl abj|yna|byq sm|g n inqmq hby oxn`un|mjc owmq|mjc ybaeoymoq njl
q{oamh}mjc njl abjq|yua|mjc jos ybaeoymoq*
\go yoabddojlol loqmcj {ybaoluyo mq njn`bcbuq |b |go loqmcj bh cynxm|} yo|nmjmjc sn``q* \go
ybaeoy} mq loqmcjol |b yoqmq| q|n|ma njl qomqdma ony|g {yoqquyoq njl `n|oyn` {yoqquyo quyagnycoq |gn|nyo lohmjol uqmjc |ynlm|mbjn` yo|nmjmjc sn`` loqmcj abjao{|q* Naabylmjc`}, |go ybaeoy} mq agoaeol
hby nj nlo~un|o hna|by bh qnho|} ncnmjq| q`mlmjc, bxoy|uyjmjc, njl ionymjc an{nam|} hnm`uyo*
Nllm|mbjn``}, nj n``bsni`o lmq{`naodoj| do|gbl hby qomqdma loqmcj {yb{bqol i} Ymagnylq njl
O`dq '>=3=- hby cynxm|} sn``q mq {ybxmlol hby abq|$ohhoa|mxo ybaeoy} loqmcj*
_qmjc |go yoabddojlol loqmcj {ybaoluyo, cynxm|} ybaeoymoq anj cojoyn``} io abjq|yua|ol |b
io|sooj 9*< d '7 h|- njl 1*3 d '>9 h|- |n`` mj hm`` abjlm|mbjq sm|gbu| cobcyml yomjhbyaodoj|, njl
u{ |b
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AGN[\OY > MJ\YBL_A\MBJ
AGN[\OY > MJ\YBL_A\MBJ
INAECYB_JL
N ybaeoy} mq n yo|nmjmjc by {yb|oa|mbj q|yua|uyo |gn| abjqmq|q bh q|naeol ybaeq sm|gbu| dby|ny,
abjayo|o, by q|oo` yomjhbyaodoj|* N`|gbucg |go ybaeq nyo q|naeol mj nj mj|oy`baemjc {n||oyj,
|goyo nyo jb doagnjman` abjjoa|mbjq dnlo io|sooj |go mjlmxmlun` ybaeq* Yn|goy, |goqo q|yua|uyoq
yo`} bj |go somcg|, qmvo, qgn{o, njl mj|oyhnao hyma|mbj bh |go ybae o`odoj|q |b {ybxmlo bxoyn``
q|nim`m|}*
B|goy q|yua|uyoq owmq| |gn| uqo ybaeq nq n hnamjc o`odoj|, n`|gbucg |go} nyo jb| abjqmloyol
ybaeoymoq* Ybae q`b{o {yb|oa|mbj 'YQ[-, n`qb ejbsj nq ym{yn{, mq qmdm`ny mj abjao{| |b ybaeoymoq,
n`|gbucg m| mq uqun``} {`naol bxoy duag qgn``bsoy q`b{oq njl loqmcjol |b yoqmq| g}lynu`ma h`bs
hbyaoq yn|goy |gnj `n|oyn` ony|g {yoqquyoq* Cybu|ol ybae sn``q nyo n`qb uqol mj dnj} `njlqan{o
n{{`man|mbjq, n`|gbucg |go} loymxo |gomy q|yojc|g hybd |go cybu| hm`` io|sooj |go mjlmxmlun` ybaeq
njl, |goyohbyo, nyo n`qb jb| abjqmloyol ybaeoymoq*
Qmdm`ny`}, ly}$q|naeol, ujdby|nyol ybae sn``q, n`|gbucg jb| abjqmloyol ybaeoymoq nq lohmjol
goyomj, gnxo iooj abjq|yua|ol mj |go _jm|ol Emjclbd hby bxoy >;; }onyq* Dnj} nyo q|m`` mj uqo
n`bjc |go gmcgsn} q}q|od* \goqo sn``q nyo cojoyn``} abjq|yua|ol bh > |b 9; ec '9 |b
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AGN[\OY > MJ\YBL_A\MBJ
q}q|od* @m||`o mq ejbsj nibu| |go loqmcj bh dnj} bh |goqo ybaeoymoq, n`|gbucg m| mq quq{oa|ol
dnj} soyo abjq|yua|ol sm|g `m||`o by jb ojcmjooymjc* Joxoy|go`oqq, sgm`o qbdo gnxo hnm`ol,
dnj} nyo q|m`` mj uqo |bln}* \goqo b`loy ybaeoymoq, nq so`` nq dbyo yoaoj| ybaeoymoq, dn} jool |b
io oxn`un|ol i} |go H@G hby abjhbydnjao sm|g auyyoj| loqmcj q|njlnylq nq auyyoj| njl hu|uyo
|ynjq{by|n|mbj joolq lo{ojl bj |gomy abj|mjuol uqnco*
N`|gbucg |goyo mq oxmlojao |go {ui`ma qoa|by snq ium`lmjc ybaeoymoq mj |go >=1;q, |go {ymxn|o
qoa|by n{{onyq |b gnxo iooj qbdosgn| q`bsoy |b nlb{| abddoyamn` ybaeoy} abjq|yua|mbj*Ybaeoymoq gnxo iooj abjq|yua|ol mj |go [namhma Jby|gsoq| hby |go {nq| hbuy loanloq, njl gnxo
qooj mjayonqmjc uqo mj jby|goyj An`mhbyjmn njl Joxnln bxoy |go `nq| >; }onyq* Ioanuqo ybaeoymoq
nyo n yo`n|mxo`} mjow{ojqmxo ojcmjooyol yo|nmjmjc n`|oyjn|mxo sm|g n jn|uyn` noq|go|ma n{{on`, |go}
abj|mjuo |b cnmj mj {b{u`nym|} |gybucgbu| |go soq|oyj _jm|ol Q|n|oq*
\go H@G abj|mjuoq |b hmjl qm|un|mbjq sgoyo jos ybaeoy} abjq|yua|mbj sbu`l io nlxnj|ncobuq by
sgoyo yo{nmy by dblmhman|mbj bh owmq|mjc gmq|byma ybaeoymoq mq yo~umyol* Gbsoxoy, abjxoj|mbjn`
gmcgsn} loqmcj q|njlnylq nyo jb| nxnm`ni`o |b abjhmyd nlo~un|o mj|oyjn` q|nim`m|} by hna|byq bh
qnho|}, oxoj sgoyo ybaeoymoq gnxo {oyhbydol nlo~un|o`} hby loanloq*
Dbyobxoy, |goyo mq `mdm|ol abxoynco bh ly}$q|naeol ybaeoymoq mj ojcmjooymjc |ow|ibbeq njl
`m|oyn|uyo* N`|gbucg n||od{|q gnxo iooj dnlo |b loxo`b{ cumlo`mjoq hby abjq|yua|mbj, |goqo nyo
|}{man``} `ban` ohhby|q njl |ojl |b io dbyo {ybaoluyn` |gnj njn`}|man`* Hby ownd{`o, mj >==9 |go
Nqqbamn|ol Ybaeoy} Abj|yna|byq 'NYA- '>- loxo`b{ol abjq|yua|mbj cumlo`mjoq inqol bj `ban`
ow{oymojaoq mj |go [namhma Jby|gsoq|* Gbsoxoy, sgm`o |go NYA cumlo`mjoq {ybxmlo cojoyn`
yu`oq$bh$|gudi hby uqo i} abj|yna|byq luymjc abjq|yua|mbj, |go} lb jb| {ybxmlo n yn|mbjn` inqmq
hby loqmcj* Nq n yoqu`|, mjlmxmlun` loqmcjoyq nyo `oh| |b loxo`b{ ybaeoy} loqmcj njl abjq|yua|mbj
q|njlnylq inqol bj |gomy {oyqbjn` ow{oymojao*
\go `nae bh q|n|osmlo by jn|mbjn` loqmcj q|njlnylq njl abjq|yua|mbj cumlo`mjoq gnq qbdo|mdoq
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AGN[\OY > MJ\YBL_A\MBJ
jn|uyo bh ybaeoymoq luymjc |go yoxmos {ybaoqq, gnxo yoqu`|ol mj {bby {oyhbydnjao, mja`ulmjc
hnm`uyoq luymjc by nh|oy abjq|yua|mbj* Mj dnj} anqoq, |go nae bh ~un`m|} nqquynjao by abjq|yua|mbj
bxoyqmcg| cumlo`mjoq ownaoyin|oq {ybi`odq yo`n|ol |b {bby loqmcj by abjq|yua|mbj {yna|maoq* Hby
ownd{`o, |go hnm`ol sn`` qgbsj mj Hmcuyo > cojoyn``} gnq ybaeq bh mjnlo~un|o qmvo njl sgmag nyo
{bby`} q|naeol* Mj nllm|mbj, n inaelynmj lboq jb| n{{ony |b gnxo iooj mjq|n``ol*
Hmcuyo >* [gb|bcyn{g* Hnm`uyo bh jbj$ojcmjooyol ybaeoy} mj O` Lbynlb Gm``q, An`mhbyjmn,9;;
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AGN[\OY > MJ\YBL_A\MBJ
Ioanuqo ybaeoymoq nyo hmo`l nqqodi`ol sm|g jn|uyn` njl xnymni`o dn|oymn`q, anyohu` hmo`l
biqoyxn|mbj mq oqqoj|mn` |b abjhmyd |gn| |go nq$ium`| q|yua|uyoq nyo abjqmq|oj| sm|g |go mj|oj| bh |go
loqmcj* \goyohbyo, cumlo`mjoq gnxo n`qb iooj loxo`b{ol |b {ybxmlo loqmcjoyq, mjq{oa|byq, njl
abj|yna|byq sm|g n inqmq hby q{oamh}mjc, oxn`un|mjc, njl abjq|yua|mjc ybaeoymoq*
YBAEOY] LOHMJM\MBJQ
Ybaeoymoq anj io cojoyn``} lohmjol nq ybucg ybaeq q|naeol mj nj mj|oy`baemjc {n||oyj sm|gbu|
abjayo|o, dby|ny, by q|oo` yomjhbyaodoj|* Jom|goy doagnjman` jby {g}qman` abjjoa|mbjq nyo dnloio|sooj |go mjlmxmlun` ybaeq5 mj|oy`baemjc mq naabd{`mqgol |gybucg {yb{oy ybae `n}bu|, ybae
somcg|, njl hyma|mbjn` mj|oyna|mbj* Xnymbuq |oydq gnxo iooj uqol |b loqaymio ybaeoymoq, mja`ulmjc
ybae iyonq| sn``q, ybaeoy} sn``q, ly}$q|nae sn``q, q|bjo sn``q, njl ybae sn``q* \go
|oydq uqol |b loqaymio ybaeoymoq bh|oj yoh`oa| |go mj|ojlol uqo, njl, mj qbdo anqoq,
{yoabjao{|mbjq yocnylmjc ybaeoymoq*
\goyo mq qbdo lmqncyoodoj| sm|gmj |go ojcmjooymjc abddujm|} nq |b sgo|goy ybaeoymoq qgbu`l io
abjqmloyol ony|g yo|nmjmjc q|yua|uyoq* \go Am|} bh Qon||`o, Snqgmjc|bj, q{oamhman``} q|n|oq
ybaeoymoq qgbu`l jb| io uqol hby ony|g yo|oj|mbj {uy{bqoq,'9-
iu| anj io uqol nq nj noq|go|ma
|yon|doj| hby nj b|goysmqo q|ni`o q`b{o by |b {ybxmlo oybqmbj {yb|oa|mbj 'q`b{o nydby-* \go Am|}
bh Qon||`o ybaeoy} cumlo`mjoq n{{ony |b gnxo iooj nlb{|ol i} Dnqbj Abuj|}, Snqgmjc|bj, njl
|go Am|} bh Q{nyeq, Joxnln, ib|g bh sgmag lb jb| n``bs |go uqo bh ybaeoymoq hby ony|g
yo|oj|mbj*'uj{ui`mqgol Mj|oyjo| yohoyojaoq- Bj |go b|goy gnjl, dujmam{n`m|moq quag nq |go Am|} bh Iymoy,
Snqgmjc|bj, n``bs |go uqo bh ybaeoymoq nq yo|nmjmjc q|yua|uyoq, n`|gbucg |go} yo~umyo ojcmjooyol
loqmcj hby nj} ybaeoymoq bxoy ;*= d '1 h|- |n``*'1-
Qbdo yoqonyagoyq gnxo naejbs`olcol |gn| ybaeoymoq anj qoyxo nq yo|nmjmjc q|yua|uyoq njl gnxo
loxo`b{ol o~un|mbjq oq{oamn``} loqmcjol |b oxn`un|o |go q|nim`m|} bh ybaeoymoq yo|nmjmjc ib|g
jn|mxo qbm`q njl hm``q*'
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AGN[\OY > MJ\YBL_A\MBJ
|b gomcg|q u{ |b 3*8 d '9? h|- mj |go [namhma Jby|gsoq| njl jby|goyj An`mhbyjmn bxoy |go `nq|
loanlo*
Hby |go {uy{bqo bh |gmq q|ul}, n ybaeoy} mq lohmjol nq nj ojcmjooyol q}q|od bh q|naeol njcu`ny
ybaeq {`naol sm|gbu| dby|ny mj nj n{{ybwmdn|o yujjmjc ibjl {n||oyj* Ybae lmdojqmbjq nyo
cojoyn``} cyon|oy |gnj
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AGN[\OY > MJ\YBL_A\MBJ
loqaymioq |go somcg| bh n ybae* Hby ownd{`o, n |sb$dnj ybae mq lohmjol nq |go `nycoq| ybae |sb
doj abu`l dbxo mj|b {`nao5 n hbuy$dnj ybae sbu`l yo~umyo hbuy doj, njl qb bj* Dnj ybae
qmvoq nyo cojoyn``} an{{ol n| qmw$dnj ybaeq*
GOMCG\
G
G
X
INQO SML\G
I
Hmcuyo 9* Cyn{gma* Lmncynd qgbsmjc lohmjm|mbjq bh gomcg| 'G-, inqo sml|g 'I-, hnao in||oy,
njl yo`n|mxo ybae qmvoq*
Ioanuqo |gmq ujm| bh donquyo mq quifoa|mxo, lohmjm|mbjq bh dnj ybae qmvoq bh|oj xny} io|sooj
dujmam{n`m|moq, nq qgbsj mj \ni`o >* \goyohbyo, |go a`nqqmhman|mbj bh hnamjc ybaeq mj|b dnj ybae
cybu{q mj |go hmo`l yo~umyoq ejbs`olco bh |go lohmjm|mbjq iomjc uqol* Hby ownd{`o, \ni`o >
qgbsq |gn| sgm`o |go dnwmdud somcg| hby n qmw$dnj ybae mq cojoyn``} abjqmloyol nibu| 1,8;; ec
'7,;;; `i-, n| `onq| bjo a`nqqmhman|mbj q}q|od abjqmloyq |go |}{man` somcg| |b io >,;=; ec
'9, MJ\YBL_A\MBJ
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AGN[\OY > MJ\YBL_A\MBJ
\ni`o >* Abd{nymqbj bh dnj ybae lohmjm|mbjq*
Qbuyao
NYA '>- Am|} bh Qon||`o,SN '9-
Am|} bh Iymoy,SN '1-
Cmhhbyl (Emye`njl '?-
HGSN '8-
YbaeQmvo
'DnjYbaeq-
Somcg|,ec
Nxoynco
L
mdojqmbj,d
Somcg|,ec
X
b`udo,d
1
Somcg|,ec
L
mndo|oy,d
Somcg|,ec
QuyhnaoNyon"
D
njYbae,d
9
Somcg|,ec
Nxoynco
L
mdojqmbj,d
> 91
=>
;*1;
;*>
;*;18
91
=>
;*1;
;*79 ;*11 9;
=;
;*1;;
;*
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AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
GMQ\BYMA YBAEOYMOQ
\go uqo bh ly} q|naeol ybaeq |b ium`l sn``q mq bjo bh |go ony`moq| abjq|yua|mbj |oagjb`bcmoq uqol
i} dnj* M| mq lbui|hu` |gn| nj} ony`} ownd{`oq bh ybae abjq|yua|mbj soyo loqmcjol, b|goy |gnj
i} |ymn` njl oyyby, |b {ybluao n q|yua|uyo |gn| snq uqohu` hby n {oymbl bh |mdo naao{|ni`o |b |go
ium`loy* Nq n yoqu`|, ybaeoymoq |gn| quyxmxo |bln} nyo bj`} |gbqo |gn|, i} agnjao by |gybucg |go
ow{oymojao bh |go ium`loy, gnxo aoy|nmj agnyna|oymq|maq |gn| gnxo n``bsol |god |b q|njl |go |oq| bh
|mdo* \goqo agnyna|oymq|maq dmcg| mja`ulo |go uqo bh `nyco ybae$dnqq$|b$ybaeoy}$gomcg| yn|mbq,
|niu`ny ybae qgn{oq, njl so``$lynmjol yo|nmjol dn|oymn`q*
Bjo bh |go ony`moq| quyxmxmjc ownd{`oq bh n ly} q|naeol sn`` mq ejbsj nq Gnlymnjq Sn``, sgmagmq qgbsj mj Hmcuyo 1* Ium`| mj >99 N*L* i} |go Ybdnj Od{oyby Gnlymnj, |go sn`` qoyxol nq n
hby|mhman|mbj ncnmjq| mjxnqmbj i} inyinymnjq* \go sn`` mq 8 d '9; h|- |n`` njl 1 d '>; h|- smlo,
njl q|yo|agoq >>3*? ed '31 dm- naybqq |go qbu|goyj ibyloy bh sgn| mq jbs Qab|`njl*'Nibu| Qab|`njl,
uj{ui`mqgol Mj|oyjo| yohoyojao- \go sn`` cojoyn``} lboq jb| yo|nmj qbm` by {yb|oa| n qbm` q`b{o, njl,
|goyohbyo, mq jb| lmyoa|`} njn`bcbuq |b ybaeoy} loqmcj by {oyhbydnjao* Joxoy|go`oqq, m| mq nj
ownd{`o bh |go luynim`m|} njl {oydnjojao bh gmq|byma dby|ny`oqq ybae abjq|yua|mbj*
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
\go `nycoq| q|yua|uyo n| |go qm|o, |go Cyon| Oja`bquyo, mq |go `nycoq| njamoj| q|yua|uyo mj Nhyman
qbu|g bh |go {}yndmlq mj |go Qngnyn Loqoy|* \go ium`lmjc gnq n amyaudhoyojao bh nibu| 9?? d
'7;$d$gmcg '11$h|$gmcg- sn``q, njl n dnwmdud sn`` |gmaejoqq bh nibu| ? d '>3 h|-* M| mq
oq|mdn|ol |gn| nibu| bjo dm``mbj i`baeq soyo uqol |b abjq|yua| |go Cyon| Oja`bquyo*'C`bin` Goym|nco
Hujl, uj{ui`mqgol Mj|oyjo| yohoyojao-
Njb|goy ownd{`o bh ony`} ybae abjq|yua|mbj mq |go ly} q|naeol ybae sn``q njl q|yua|uyoq
abjq|yua|ol i} |go Mjanq n| Dnagu [maagu mj [oyu, nq qgbsj mj Hmcuyo
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AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
sn``q yodnmj, {ny|mau`ny`} n`bjc ynm`sn}q njl gmq|byma anjn`q aymqqaybqqmjc |go Qmoyyn Joxnln
dbuj|nmj ynjco* Bjo ownd{`o bh |gmq |}{o bh ybaeoy} mq qgbsj mj Hmcuyo ?, sgmag qu{{by|ol n
h`udo hby g}lynu`ma dmjmjc bu|qmlo bh @n Cynjco, An`mhbyjmn* \go ybaeoy} mq n{{ybwmdn|o`} =*>
d '1; h|- |n`` njl n{{onyq |b gnxo nj bxoyn`` sml|g bh `oqq |gnj 1 d '>; h|-* Sgm`o qdn`` nyonq n|
|go h`njeq bh |go ybaeoy} gnxo iocuj |b lo|oymbyn|o luo |b oybqmbj, |go dnfbym|} bh |go ybaeoy} mq
q|m`` mj cbbl abjlm|mbj*
Hmcuyo ?* [gb|bcyn{g* N{{ybwmdn|o`} =*>$d$|n`` '1;$h|$|n``- ybaeoy} bu|qmlo @n Cynjco,
An`mhbyjmn, ln|mjc hybd |go `n|o >7;;q*
DBLOYJ YBAEOY] LOQMCJ
\go loqmcj bh ybaeoymoq n{{onyq |b gnxo iooj nj ny| yn|goy |gnj n qamojao, sm|g dbq| ybaeoy}
abjq|yua|mbj inqol bj n |ymn`$njl$oyyby {ybaoqq, uj|m` qbdo|mdo mj |go >=8;q by >=3;q* Nibu| |gmq
|mdo, qum|ni`o o~um{doj| njl dn|oymn`q ioando nxnm`ni`o mj |go jby|gsoq|oyj {by|mbj bh |go
_jm|ol Q|n|oq |b {ybluao ybaeoymoq oabjbdman``} njl lo{ojlni`}* \goqo ybaeoymoq iocnj |b
ybu|mjo`} hon|uyo |niu`ny, |mcg|`} {`naol q|bjoq bh nlo~un|o qmvo |b yoqmq| loq|nim`mvmjc hbyaoq* Mj
nllm|mbj, sn`` loqmcjq iocnj |b q{oamh} |gn| ayuqgol ybae mjhm`` dn|oymn` io uqol iogmjl |go ybae
h m ml gm g g i ehm`` m ` l l l m \g m
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go`{ol q{ool abjq|yua|mbj* Huy|goydbyo, i`nq|ol njl ayuqgol ybae sm|g noq|go|man``} {`onqmjc
agnyna|oymq|maq gnq mjayonqol mj abddoyamn` nxnm`nim`m|}* Sgoj abdimjol, |goqo hna|byq gnxo n``
abj|ymiu|ol cyon|`} |b |go oabjbd}, {b{u`nym|}, njl lo{ojlnim`m|} bh ybaeoymoq uqol hby
abddoyamn` abjq|yua|mbj mj yoaoj| }onyq*
Gbsoxoy, sgm`o aoy|nmj ybaeoy} abd{bjoj|q n{{ony |b io abddbj |b dbq| dbloyj ybaeoymoq,
lmdojqmbjmjc, q{oamh}mjc, njl ojcmjooymjc ybaeoymoq mq nj oxb`xmjc {ybaoqq |gn| anj xny}
qmcjmhmanj|`} io|sooj loqmcjoyq* \go yodnmjloy bh |gmq agn{|oy {yoqoj|q loqmcj njl q{oamhman|mbj
qmdm`nym|moq njl lmhhoyojaoq hbujl io|sooj |go lmhhoyoj| loqmcjoyq njl cbxoyjdoj|n` oj|m|moq
q|ulmol*
Holoyn` Cbxoyjdoj|
\go _*Q* Lo{ny|doj| bh Ncymau`|uyo, Iuyonu bh [ui`ma Ybnlq qgbsol |}{man` ybaeoy} qoa|mbjq bj
|gomy {`njq hby |go A`mh|bj$Q{ymjcoyxm``o Ybnl mj |go N{nago Jn|mbj Hbyoq| mj Nymvbjn,'uj{ui`mqgol,
uj|m|`ol lynsmjc- sgmag lodbjq|yn|oq ybaeoymoq soyo iomjc abjq|yua|ol i} qbdo lo{ny|doj|q sm|gmj
|go Holoyn` cbxoyjdoj| nq ony`} nq >=>7* Bj |gmq {ybfoa|, ly} yuii`o sn``q soyo n{{nyoj|`}
uqol nq gonlsn``q n| {m{o bu|hn``q* \go gonlsn``q, sgmag n{{ony |b xny} io|sooj ==; njl >,8;;
dd '1= njl 81 mj- mj gomcg|, gnxo dmjmdud inqo sml|gq bh ?1; |b 38; dd '9> |b 1; mj- njl |b{
sml|gq bh 17; |b >*? h|-* \moyol ybaeoymoq soyo
`mdm|ol |b 1 d '>; h|- {oy |moy* Q{oamhma ybaeoy} lmdojqmbjq soyo loqaymiol bj |go {`njq uqmjc |go
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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Inqo sml|g6 ;*?G, iu| jb| `oqq |gnj >*9 d '< h|-* Ybaeq mj onag abuyqo nyo q{oamhmol i} n
dnj ybae loqmcjn|mbj, njl n |ni`o snq {ybxmlol |gn| {yoqoj|q lmhhoyoj| xn`uoq hby onag
abuyqo hby lmhhoyoj| ybaeoy} gomcg|q* \go dnwmdud nxoynco lmdojqmbj hby n qmw$dnj
ybae mq `mq|ol nq >*? d '? h|-*
Odioldoj|6 Dmjmdud bh ?;; dd '>=*? mj-*
Inqo quyhnao6 \go inqo bh |go ybaeoy} qgbu`l io q`b{ol inae mj|b |go q`b{o quag |gn| |go
ybaeq nyo jb| mja`mjol |b hn`` bu| bh |go hnao bh |go ybaeoy}*
\b{ sml|g6 ;*1G by ?;; dd '>=*? mj-, sgmagoxoy mq `nycoy*
N``bsni`o q|oo{joqq"hnao in||oy6 G by h`n||oy*
Qbm` au|6 8X6>G by h`n||oy*
Q|yua|uyn` ybaeq qgn`` jb| io `bbqo by ni`o |b io dbxol i} n {y} iny nh|oy ybaeoy}
abd{`o|mbj*
Jbj$q|yua|uyn` agmjemjc ybaeq qgn`` jb| io `bbqo by ni`o |b io yodbxol i} gnjl nh|oy
abjq|yua|mbj mq abd{`o|o* Agmjemjc ybaeq abjqmq| bh qdn`` ybaeq uqol |b hm`` xbmlq njl
lmq|ymiu|o `bnlq io|sooj `nycoy hnamjc ybaeq*
\go `bjcoq| ybae lmdojqmbj qgbu`l io bymoj|ol {oy{ojlmau`ny |b hnao bh ybaeoy}*
\go `bjcoq| lmdojqmbj qgn`` jb| owaool |gyoo |mdoq |go qgby|oq| lmdojqmbj*
Q|yua|uyn` ybaeq qgn`` iony bj n| `onq| |sb ybaeq io`bs, njl qgn`` io {`naol qb |gn| jb
abj|mjubuq fbmj|q owmq|mjc mj om|goy xoy|man` by gbymvbj|n` {`njoq*
\ m ` `` l | m` l g l ` h |g C `` [ iml l | | l Hm
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Hmcuyo 8* Cyn{gma* \}{man` ybaeoy} qoa|mbj hybd Cunjo``n [nqq iml lbaudoj|q*
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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Hmcuyo 7* [gb|bcyn{g* Abd{`o|ol ybaeoy} hby Cunjo``n [nqq Ybnl, Ab`bynlb, 9;;?*
Ybaeoy} loqmcj yoabddojln|mbjq soyo n`qb mloj|mhmol mj nYo|nmjmjc Sn`` Loqmcj Cumlo
{ui`mqgol i} _jm|ol Q|n|oq Lo{ny|doj| bh Ncymau`|uyo, Hbyoq| Qoyxmao, mj >==< 'Yo{by| Jb*
HGSN$H@[$=-nq |go {ymdny} loqmcj nmlq* Ybaeoymoq nyo loqaymiol nq {ybxmlmjc `mdm|ol yoqmq|njao |b
`n|oyn` ony|g {yoqquyoq, njl |b io uqol {ymdnym`} hby oybqmbj {yb|oa|mbj* \go dnwmdud
yoabddojlol gomcg| hby ybaeoymoq mq
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qbdo anqoq, `oqq* [yoqaym{|mxo loqmcj {nyndo|oyq soyo bi|nmjol hby |go Am|} bh Qon||`o,
Snqgmjc|bj5 Am|} bh Iymoy, Snqgmjc|bj5 njl Dnqbj Abuj|}, Snqgmjc|bj* \go {yoqaym{|mxo
loqmcj {nyndo|oyq hby |goqo dujmam{n`m|moq nyo quddnymvol `n|oy mj |gmq agn{|oy* [by|mbjq bh |go
cumlo`mjoq gnxo n`qb iooj nlb{|ol i} |go Am|} bh Q{nyeq, Joxnln, njl |go Am|} bh Ejbwxm``o,
\ojjoqqoo*
\go ybaeoy} abjq|yua|mbj {ybhoqqmbj n`qb loxo`b{ol cumlo`mjoq hby ybaeoy} abjq|yua|mbj* Inqol
bj ow{oymojaoq mj |go [namhma Jby|gsoq|, |goqo cumlo`mjoq, {ui`mqgol i} |go NYA,'>- {ybxmlo
cumlnjao yocnylmjc imllmjc {yna|maoq, ybaeoy} `n}bu|, lynmjnco, njl |go yb`o bh |go cob|oagjman`
ojcmjooy* \go cumlo`mjoq n`qb q|n|o |gn| ybaeoymoq nyo cojoyn``} uqol nq oybqmbj abj|yb`
q|yua|uyoq5 sgoyo |go} yo|nmj `n|oyn` ony|g {yoqquyoq, |go} qgbu`l io loqmcjol i} n cob|oagjman`
ojcmjooy*
Bjo qmcjmhmanj| mjjbxn|mbj |b abdo bu| bh |go [namhma Jby|gsoq| gnq iooj |go uqo bh n vbjo bh
ayuqgol ybae iogmjl |go ybaeoy}* Mj nllm|mbj |b {ybxmlmjc n lolman|ol lynmjnco `n}oy, |go ayuqgol
ybae {ybxmloq n vbjo bh dn|oymn` sm|g n gmcg jn|uyn` hyma|mbj njc`o, njl, |guq, n yo`n|mxo`} `bs
na|mxo ony|g {yoqquyo abohhmamoj|, EN* Sgoj |go ayuqgol ybae abd{ymqoq n qmcjmhmanj| {oyaoj|nco
bh |go inaehm``ol vbjo, |go gmcg q|yojc|g bh |go ayuqgol ybaeq go`{q yoluao |go `n|oyn` ony|g
{yoqquyo bj |go ybaeoy} njl go`{q q|nim`mvo |go ybaeoy} q}q|od*
Ioanuqo ybaeoymoq gnxo iooj loqmcjol njl abjq|yua|ol hby qoxoyn` loanloq mj |go [namhma
Jby|gsoq|, dnj} bh |go {ui`mqgol yohoyojaoq `ban|ol hby |gmq q|ul} bymcmjn|o hybd |gmq nyon* \go
mjhbydn|mbj bi|nmjol hybd |goqo q|ulmoq hb``bsq*
Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl
Mj |gomy {n{oy _qoq njl Niuqoq bh Ybaeoymoq, Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl'?-
{ybxmlo cojoyn``}
{yoqaym{|mxo loqmcj q|njlnylq hby ybaeoymoq, iu| sm|g duag dbyo lo|nm` njl hby |n``oy ybaeoy}
g m g g g m m ` l m lm l m ` Sg Cmhh l l Em e` l
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Ybaeoymoq nyo qmdm`ny |b yo|nmjmjc sn``q, iu| |gn| sgoyoxoy n ybaeoy} mq ium`|, n
yomjhbyaol abjayo|o sn`` sbu`l io n io||oy quiq|m|u|o* \go {n{oy lboq jb| ow{`nmj gbs
by sg} n yomjhbyaol abjayo|o sn`` sbu`l io abjqmloyol io||oy*
Ybaeoymoq gnxo yo`n|mxo`} `bs |b`oynjao hby dbxodoj|q ioanuqo |go ybaeq nyo jb|
q|yua|uyn``} |mol |bco|goy* Mh qo||`odoj| baauyq, |go ybaeq dn} bqo abj|na| sm|g onag
b|goy, `onlmjc |b iu`cmjc by |b{{`mjc hnm`uyo*
Ybaeoymoq nyo cojoyn``} ioq| hby noq|go|ma md{ybxodoj| by oybqmbj abj|yb` uqoq* N
ybaeoy} qgbu`l jb| io uqol uj`oqq |go q`b{o m| hnaoq mq q|ni`o sm|gbu| qu{{by| hybd |go
ybaeoy}*
Ybaeoymoq nyo cojoyn``} jb| loqmcjol, iu| yn|goy fuq| ium`| uqmjc {yoqaym{|mxo
q|njlnylq* Bh|oj, ybaeoymoq nyo ium`| i} abj|yna|byq sm|gbu| {`njq* Loqmcj, sgoyo{oyhbydol, uqun``} mjxb`xoq q|njlnylq |gn| gnxo oxb`xol bxoy |mdo uqmjc |ymn`$njl$
oyyby do|gblqloqmcjq |gn| {oyhbyd so`` nyo youqol njl |gbqo |gn| hnm` nyo yoxmqol*
Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl yohoyojao nj uj{ui`mqgol yo{by| {yo{nyol i} N* F* Gojlybj, Fy* mj >=8;*
\go bymcmjn` yo{by| i} Gojlybj abu`l jb| io `ban|ol* [oy Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl, Gojlybj
lo|oydmjol |go q|nim`m|} bh ybaeoymoq mq abj|yb``ol i} bxoy|uyjmjc, yn|goy |gnj mj|oy$ybae by c`bin`
q`mlmjc, njl |gn| |go ybaeoy} q|nim`m|} mq gmcg`} lo{ojloj| bj |go ybaeoy} hnao mja`mjn|mbj* \go
yoqonyag mja`ulol loxo`b{doj| bh n loqmcj agny|, nq qgbsj mj Hmcuyo =, sgmag {yoqoj|q aym|man`
gomcg|$|b$inqo$sml|g 'G"I- yn|mbq hby {yoqaymiol qbm` abjlm|mbjq inqol bj bxoy|uyjmjc q|nim`m|}*
\go jn|uyo bh |go |oyd aym|man` mq jb| lmqauqqol mj |go Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl {n{oy, njl ioanuqo
|go bymcmjn` sbye i} Gojlybj abu`l jb| io `ban|ol, m| mq jb| a`ony mh |go aym|man` xn`uo yo{yoqoj|q
n hna|by bh qnho|} bh >*; by nj n``bsni`o xn`uo* Hby |go {uy{bqoq bh |gmq q|ul}, m| gnq iooj
nqqudol aym|man` md{`moq hnm`uyo mq mddmjoj|, }mo`lmjc n hna|by bh qnho|} bh >*;*
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|go ybaeoy} hby SAYq* Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl yoabddojlol |gn| ioanuqo |gmq quifoa|mxo donquyo
bh sbyednjqgm{ snq lmhhmau`| |b oxn`un|o, |go auyxoq hby [AYq qgbu`l io uqol hby loqmcj*
\go agny| mq uqol i} lo|oydmjmjc |go sn`` gomcg| 'G-, mj|oyjn` qbm` hyma|mbj njc`o '-, njl q`b{o
mja`mjn|mbj 'm-* Ioanuqo |go agny| snq abjq|yua|ol nqqudmjc n xn`uo bh >3*8 eJ"d1 '>>; {ah- hby
|go qbm` ujm| somcg| '-, |go agny| qgbu`l io yocojoyn|ol, uqmjc |go o~un|mbjq qgbsj bj Hmcuyo =,
hby `nycoy xn`uoq bh nq n `nycoy `n|oyn` ony|g {yoqquyo sm`` io md{bqol bj |go ybaeoy}* \go
xn`uoq bh m njl nyo |goj uqol, n`bjc sm|g |go [AY auyxo, |b lo|oydmjo |go aym|man` G"I yn|mb*\gmq yn|mb mq mj |uyj uqol |b lo|oydmjo |go dmjmdud nxoynco inqo ybae sml|g 'I-*
Hby ownd{`o, cmxoj n ybaeoy} gomcg| bh 1 d '>; h|-, n q`b{o mja`mjn|mbj bh 7; locyooq, njl n qbm`
hyma|mbj njc`o bh 1; locyooq, |go aym|man` G"I yn|mb yonl hybd |go Gojlybj agny| mq nibu| *8 h|-* Mj {yna|mao, `nycoy xn`uoq sbu`l `meo`} io uqol hby loqmcj
ioanuqo |goqo nyo aym|man` xn`uoq njl meo`} yo{yoqoj| n hna|by bh qnho|} bh >*;* N`|oyjn|mxo`}, mh
I mq ejbsj, |go agny| anj io uqol |b lo|oydmjo |go aym|man` gomcg|, nibxo sgmag |go hna|by bh
qnho|} mq `oqq |gnj >*;* Hby ownd{`o, cmxoj n inqo sml|g bh >*9 d '< h|-, n q`b{o mja`mjn|mbj bh 7?
locyooq, njl n hyma|mbj njc`o bh 1; locyooq, |go G"I yn|mb mq 9 njl |go dnwmdud 'aym|man`- ybaeoy}
gomcg| mq nibu| 9**3 eJ"d1'>>; {ah-* Hby b|goy
xn`uoq, |go uqoy qgbu`l cojoyn|o jos auyxoq uqmjc |go o~un|mbjq qgbsj mj Hmcuyo =*
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl mjlman|ol |gn| |go dnwmdud ybaeoy} inqo |gmaejoqq 'I- |go} gnxo biqoyxol
mq nibu| >*9 d '< h|-, sm|g nj nxoynco ybaeoy} |gmaejoqq bh nibu| ;*= d '1 h|-* Mj nllm|mbj, dbq|
ybaeoymoq |go} biqoyxol gnl hnao in||oyq io|sooj >9X6>G |b >9X69 njl 18 h|-*
Gbsoxoy, Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl n`qb jb|ol |gn| dbq| hnm`uyoq biqoyxol |gybucg |gomy {yna|mao
baauyyol |b ybaeoymoq abjq|yua|ol |b gomcg|q owaoolmjc ? h|-
mq n yonqbjni`o dnwmdud qmjc`o$|moy loqmcj gomcg|* Huy|goydbyo, sgoyo ybaeoy} hnm`uyoq gnxo
iooj biqoyxol, |go} mjlman|ol |gn| m| cojoyn``} yo~umyol dbyo ybaeq |b yo{nmy n hnm`ol ybaeoy} |gnj
soyo bymcmjn``} yo~umyol |b abjq|yua| m|, quccoq|mjc |gn| hnm`uyoq nyo gmcg`} lo{ojloj| bj |go
bymcmjn` lojqm|} '{naemjc- bh |go ybaeq njl |gn| n lojqoy {naemjc yoqu`|q mj n dbyo q|ni`o ybaeoy}*
Nj mj|oyoq|mjc q|n|odoj| mj |go Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl yo{by| mq |gn| |go} abj|ojl dbq| bsjoyq
ujloyq|njl |goyo mq n `bsoy q|njlnyl bh ojcmjooymjc hby ybaeoymoq |gnj hby b|goy ojcmjooyol
yo|nmjmjc q|yua|uyoq, quag nq anq|$mj${`nao by abjayo|o dnqbjy} ujm| sn``q, njl |gn| ybaeoy} hnm`uyo
mq n {bqqmim`m|}* Gbsoxoy, |gmq {b|oj|mn` hby hnm`uyo mq bu|somcgol i} abjq|yua|mbj abq| qnxmjcq*
Sgoyo hnm`uyoq gnxo iooj biqoyxol, |go} `mq|ol |go qmw dbq| abddbj anuqoq 'nllm|mbjn` lo|nm`qsoyo jb| {ybxmlol i} Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl-6
@m||`o by jb lynmjnco snq {ybxmlol*
\go inaehm`` snq bh {bby ~un`m|} by {bby`} {`naol njl abd{na|ol*
Ybaeoy} hnao snq abjq|yua|ol |bb q|oo{ by |bb gmcg*
\go ybaeoy} snq abjq|yua|ol bxoy n {bby hbujln|mbj*
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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God{gm`` Abjqu`|mjc Ojcmjooyq
Mj >==;, God{gm`` Abjqu`|mjc Ojcmjooyq 'God{gm``- bh Io``oxuo, Snqgmjc|bj, {yoqoj|olnjn`}|man` do|gblq hby ybaeoy} loqmcj mj n yo{by| |m|`ol \go Ojcmjooymjc Do|gbl hby Ybaeoy}
Loqmcj*'uj{ui`mqgol, >==;-
God{gm`` jb|ol |gn| ybaeoymoq anj huja|mbj nlo~un|o`} nq yo|nmjmjc sn``q mh
|go} nyo {yb{oy`} loqmcjol* Gbsoxoy, dnj} abj|yna|byq io`moxo |go} duq| loqmcj ybaeoymoq mj
|go hmo`l |gybucg {yb{oy {`naodoj| njl hmo`l hm||mjc ioanuqo |go {`njq njl q{oamhman|mbjq {ybxmlol
nyo qb ndimcubuq nq |b io jony`} uqo`oqq* God{gm`` am|oq |go smloq{yonl uqo bh |go dnj ybae
loqmcjn|mbj nq bjo {ybi`odn|ma hon|uyo ioanuqo |go lmdojqmbjq bh |go ybaeq nyo {bby`} lohmjol
njl bh|oj xny} io|sooj dujmam{n`m|moq* Gbsoxoy, n| |go |mdo bh gmq yo{by|, |go uqo bh dnj ybae
loqmcjn|mbjq n{{onyq |b gnxo iooj q|njlnyl bh {yna|mao mj |go nyon*
Hby |go God{gm`` {ybaoluyo, |go na|mxo ony|g {yoqquyo bj |go inae bh |go ybaeoy} mq abd{u|ol mj
;*1$d '>$h|- mjayodoj|q, iocmjjmjc n| |go |b{ bh |go ybaeoy} njl ojlmjc n| |go inqo* Hby onag
mjayodoj|, n ybae sml|g mq abd{u|ol |gn| qn|mqhmoq hna|by bh qnho|} yo~umyodoj|q hby ib|g mj|oy$
ybae q`mlmjc njl bxoy|uyjmjc* \go abd{u|n|mbjq naabuj| hby |go somcg| bh |go |ymn` ybae n| |go
mjayodoj| iomjc agoaeol, nq so`` nq |go somcg|q bh n`` bxoy`}mjc ybaeq* \go bxoy|uyjmjc dbdoj|
luo |b |go `n|oyn` ony|g {yoqquyo mq |goj abd{u|ol nibu| |go |bo bh |go ybae n| onag `oxo`* \go
sml|g bh |go ybae mq xnymol uj|m` |go loqmyol hna|by bh qnho|} sm|g yoq{oa| |b ib|g q`mlmjc njlbxoy|uyjmjc mq abd{u|ol* Io`bs hmjmqg cynlo, |go dmjmdud ybae sml|g mq abd{u|ol i} agoaemjc
hby nlo~un|o hna|by bh qnho|} |b yoqmq| q`mlmjc uqmjc ib|g hyma|mbj bj |go ib||bd bh |go inqo ybae
njl {nqqmxo {yoqquyo ncnmjq| |go hnao bh |go ybaeoy}* N qnd{`o an`au`n|mbj, owaoy{|ol hybd |go
God{gm`` yo{by|, mq qgbsj mj Hmcuyo >;*
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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God{gm`` quccoq|q |go hna|byq bh qnho|} ncnmjq| bxoy|uyjmjc njl q`mlmjc uqol mj |go njn`}qoq io
qo`oa|ol inqol bj |go locyoo bh abj|yb` njl `oxo` bh biqoyxn|mbj |go loqmcj ojcmjooy sm`` gnxo
luymjc abjq|yua|mbj6
HQB\ 4 HQQ@ 4 >*? hby hu``$|mdo mjq{oa|mbj njl so``$lohmjol {yb{oy|moq*
HQB\ 4 HQQ@ 4 9*; hby {oymblma mjq{oa|mbjq*
HQB\ 4 HQQ@ 4 9*? hby {bby mjq{oa|mbj by {bby`} lohmjol {yb{oy|moq*
Qomqdma [oyhbydnjao Luymjc |go Jmq~un``} Ony|g~uneo
Bjo |b{ma jb|maoni`} niqoj| hybd ib|g |go Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl njl God{gm`` {n{oyq mq qomqdma
loqmcj* Gbsoxoy, |go [namhma Jby|gsoq| mq n qomqdman``} na|mxo nyon, njl m| mq ow{oa|ol |gn|
ybaeoymoq abjq|yua|ol mj |go yocmbj sm`` `meo`} io quifoa|ol |b qomqdman``}$mjluaol cybujlqgnemjc luymjc |gomy uqohu` `mho* \go Jmq~un``} ony|g~uneo, sgmag baauyyol bj Hoiyuny} 97, 9;;>
jony B`}d{mn, Snqgmjc|bj, {ybxmlol n anqo gmq|by} |b oxn`un|o ybaeoy} {oyhbydnjao luymjc n
qomqdma oxoj|*
\go ony|g~uneo gnl n dbdoj| dncjm|ulo 'Ds- bh 8*7 njl snq aoj|oyol n{{ybwmdn|o`} >3*3 ed
'>> dm- jby|gonq| bh B`}d{mn, Snqgmjc|bj* Yoabylol {one cybujl naao`oyn|mbjq '[CNq- ynjcol
hybd ;*> |b ;*9 |mdoq cynxm|} 'c-*'[namhma Jby|gsoq| Qomqdbcyn{g Jo|sbye, uj{ui`mqgol- Bj Dnyag 7, 9;;>, n
yoabjjnmqqnjao bh hmxo qm|oq sm|g abd{`o|ol ybaeoymoq snq {oyhbydol |b lbaudoj| |gomy
{yb{oy|moq njl abjlm|mbjq* \gmq yoabjjnmqqnjao snq {oyhbydol i} Q|oxoj G* Qnjloyq bh Qnjloyq
( Nqqbamn|oq Cobq|yua|uyn` Ojcmjooymjc 'QNCO- njl Cbylmo DaAny|} bh [nyqbjq Iyb|goyq
Ybaeoy} Yo|nmjmjc Sn``q* N quddny} bh |gomy biqoyxn|mbjq mq {yoqoj|ol nq \ni`o 9* [gb|bcyn{gq
hybd onag bh |go hmxo qm|oq xmqm|ol nyo {yoqoj|ol nq Hmcuyoq >> |gybucg >?*
Jb ybaeoy} hnm`uyoq soyo biqoyxol luymjc |go yoabjjnmqqnjao, njl |go bxoyn`` abja`uqmbj snq
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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\ni`o 9* Quddny} bh ybaeoy} biqoyxn|mbjq hb``bsmjc |go 9;;> Jmq~un``} ony|g~uneo*
Biqoyxol [yb{oy|moq Qm|o > Qm|o 9 Qm|o 1 Qm|o < Qm|o ?
Lmq|njao hybd O{maoj|oy,ed
19*9 19*9 >3*3 >? ;*> ;*>? ;*>9 ;*>
Oq|mdn|ol Abjq|yua|mbjAbd{`o|mbj, }ony
9;;>'bjcbmjc-
>=7;q |b>==?
'1 sn``q-
J"N J"N J"N
Ybaeoy} Gomcg|, d 1 9*3 |b 3*1'|moyol
{by|mbjq-
>*9 9*> 9*< 3*8
Ybaeoy} @ojc|g, d
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* Hmcuyo >>* [gb|bcyn{g* Qmjc`o$|moy, 1$d '>;$h|- ybaeoy}, Dm`m|ny} Ybnl n| Ojagnj|ol
[nyesn}, Holoyn` Sn}, Snqgmjc|bj 'Qm|o >-*
Hmcuyo >9* [gb|bcyn{g* \sb$|moy, 3*1$d '9?|g Nxojuo n| >9|g Q|yoo|,
[u}n``u{, Snqgmjc|bj 'Qm|o 9-, sm|g cu} smyo njagbyol n| inqo bh ybaeoy}*
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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Hmcuyo >1* [gb|bcyn{g* Qmjc`o$|moy, >*9$d '
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Hmcuyo >?* [gb|bcyn{g* Qmjc`o$|moy, 3*8$d '9?$h|- ybaeoy} mj \nabdn, Snqgmjc|bj 'Qm|o ?-*
Cyn} ( Qb|my
Bjo bifoa|mxo bh |gmq q|ul} snq |b mloj|mh} qagb`ny`} yohoyojaoq, fuymol {n{oyq, by |ow|ibbeq
yocnylmjc ybaeoy} loqmcj njl abjq|yua|mbj* _jhby|ujn|o`}, xoy} hos bh |goqo |}{oq bh lbaudoj|q
soyo ujabxoyol* Sm|g |go owao{|mbj bh Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl'?- njl |go Hbyoq| Qoyxmao loqmcj
cumlo, dbq| bh |go yohoyojaoq {yoxmbuq`} am|ol gnxo iooj om|goy uj{ui`mqgol by abj|nmjol sm|gmj
am|} by abuj|} dujmam{n` abloq*
Bjo owao{|mbj mqImb|oagjman` njl Qbm` Imbojcmjooymjc Q`b{o Q|nim`mvn|mbj, n|ow|ibbe sym||oj i}
Cyn} ( Qb|my*
'
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|}{man``} jb| owaool 1* Huy|goydbyo, |go} mjlman|o |gn| |}{man` inqo ybae sml|gq nyo nibu| ;*8 d
'9 h|-, njl, |goyohbyo, |}{man``} ybaeoy} gomcg|q nyo nibu| >*7 d '8 h|-*
\go Cyn} ( Qb|my |ow| {ybxmloq n a`bqol hbyd qb`u|mbj |gn| anj io uqol |b oxn`un|o ybaeoy}
q|nim`m|} ujloy |go {yb{oy abjlm|mbjq* Ioanuqo, `meo {yoxmbuq yoqonyagoyq, |go} abja`ulol
q|nim`m|} mq |}{man``} cbxoyjol i} bxoy|uyjmjc 'mj `mou bh mj|oy$ybae qgony njl iu`cmjc-, |gomy
o~un|mbjq soyo loxo`b{ol |b qb`xo hby bxoy|uyjmjc q|nim`m|}* Hmcuyoq >8 njl >3 {yoqoj| |go Cyn}
( Qb|my o~un|mbjq |gn| anj io uqol |b abd{u|o G"I yn|mbq nq n huja|mbj bh |go {yb{oy|moq bh |go
yo|nmjol qbm`, hnamjc ybaeq, njl loqmyol bxoy|uyjmjc hna|by bh qnho|}* M| qgbu`l io jb|ol |gn| |goyo
mq n dmjby oyyby mj |go o~un|mbjq {yoqoj|ol mj |go |ow|ibbe |gn| gnq iooj abyyoa|ol mj |go
o~un|mbjq {yoqoj|ol |gybucgbu| |gmq yo{by|* \go abyyoa|ol o~un|mbjq gnxo iooj abjhmydol nq
abyyoa| i} [ybhoqqby Cyn} '{oyqbjn` abddujman|mbj-*
Hmcuyo >8* O~un|mbj* Gomcg|$|b$inqo$sml|g 'G"I- nq n huja|mbj bh hna|by bh qnho|}, ybaeoy}
mja`mjn|mbj, inaeq`b{o mja`mjn|mbj, njl qbm` njl ybae {yb{oy|moq, hybd Cyn} ( Qb|my*
Hmcuyo >3* O~un|mbj* Lohmjm|mbj bh |go |oyd i mj Hmcuyo >8*
\go o~un|mbjq {yoqoj|ol mj Hmcuyoq >8 njl >3 soyo loxo`b{ol nqqudmjc njcu`ny ybaeq5
dblmhman|mbjq nyo yo~umyol hby ybujlol ybaeq* \goqo o~un|mbjq n`qb joc`oa| inaehm`` abgoqmbj,
njl, |goyohbyo, dn} io abjqoyxn|mxo hby qbdo amyaudq|njaoq* \go o~un|mbjq mjlmyoa|`} nllyoqq
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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G
I
Hmcuyo >7* Cyn{gma* Nqqudol cobdo|yma yo`n|mbjqgm{q |b io uqol hby o~un|mbjq qgbsj mjHmcuyoq >8 njl >3*
Mj nllm|mbj |b |go o~un|mbjq {ybxmlol nibxo, Cyn} ( Qb|my n`qb {ybxmlo n qagodn|ma ybaeoy}
lmncynd sm|g qoxoyn` yu`oq bh |gudi, mja`ulmjc6
Odiollmjc |go inqo ybae n dmjmdud bh 1;; dd '>9 mj- io`bs |go cybujl quyhnao*
_|m`mvmjc n ybaeoy} hnao in||oy `oqq |gnj 1X6>G*
_qmjc n an{ ybae sm|g n dmjmdud sml|g bh ;; dd '9 njl < mj-*
Loqmcjmjc hby n dnwmdud gomcg| bh 1 d '>; h|-*
Dnj} bh |goqo yoabddojln|mbjq nyo qmdm`ny |b |gbqo {yoxmbuq`} lmqauqqol, mja`ulmjc |go
dmjmdud odioldoj|, ybaeoy} lynmjnco, njl dnwmdud inaeq`b{o mja`mjn|mbj*
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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loqmcj do|gblq {yb{bqol i} Cyn} ( Qb|my n{{ony duag `oqq ymcbybuq |gnj |go `n|oy |ow|ibbe, m|
n{{onyq |goGnjlibbemq q|m`` mj uqo i} qbdo Holoyn` ncojamoq*
Jby|goyj An`mhbyjmn Yocmbj
Ybaeoymoq gnxo iooj loqmcjol njl abjq|yua|ol mj jby|goyj An`mhbyjmn hby nibu| |go `nq| >; }onyq*
Qmjc`o |moy ybaeoymoq nyo cojoyn``} an{ni`o bh qu{{by|mjc au| q`b{oq u{ |b nibu| 9 h|-* Hby hm``q io|sooj 1*3 njl
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Hmcuyo 9;* [gb|bcyn{g* [yb|oa|mjc ybaeoy} uqol nq n hnamjc hby n =*>$d$gmcg '1;$h|$gmcg-
DQO sn`` sm|g n ?*?$d '>7$h|- dnwmdud |moy gomcg| mj Gojloyqbj, Joxnln '9;;>-*
Hmcuyo 9>* [gb|bcyn{g* [yb|oa|mjc ybaeoy} uqol nq n hnamjc dn|oymn` hby n |sb$|moy, 3*8$
d$gmcg '9?$h|$gmcg- qbm`$jnm` sn`` mj Ybae`mj, An`mhbyjmn '>===-*
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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Hmcuyo 99* [gb|bcyn{g* \gyoo$|moy, =*>$d$gmcg '1;$h|$gmcg- DQO q`b{o sm|g {yb|oa|mjc
ybaeoy} hnamjc, mj Hb`qbd, An`mhbyjmn '9;;1-*
\go nu|gbyq 'QNCO- gnxo loxo`b{ol mj$gbuqo njn`}qmq {ybcyndq hby ybaeoy} loqmcj |gn| nyoinqol bj |go abjao{|q abddbj |b abjxoj|mbjn` cynxm|} sn`` loqmcj* \goqo abjao{|q cojoyn``}
hb``bs |go yn|mbjn` n{{ybnag {yoqoj|ol mj |go Ndoymanj Nqqbamn|mbj bh Q|n|o Gmcgsn}
\ynjq{by|n|mbj Bhhmamn`q 'NNQG\B- hby cynxm|} sn`` loqmcj* Lymxmjc hbyaoq nyo inqol bj `n|oyn`
ony|g {yoqquyoq anuqol i} |go yo|nmjol qbm` 'Abu`bdi do|gbl- nq so`` nq nj} nllm|mbjn`
quyagnycoq, quag nq q`b{ol inaehm`` by |ynhhma* Yoqmq|mjc hbyaoq nyo inqol bj qbm`$ybae hyma|mbj njl
qbm` ionymjc an{nam|}, cojoyn``} uqmjc {nyndo|oyq {ybxmlol i} |go {ybfoa| cob|oagjman` ojcmjooy*
Nq yoabddojlol i} |go NNQG\B, {nqqmxo yoqmq|njao n| |go |bo bh |go ybaeoy} mq uqun``}
joc`oa|ol* \go njn`}qmq do|gbl abjqmq|q bh nqqudmjc n inqo ybae qmvo njl agoaemjc |b lo|oydmjo
mh |go bxoyn`` hna|byq bh qnho|} ncnmjq| ionymjc, bxoy|uyjmjc, njl q`mlmjc nyo naao{|ni`o* \go
hb``bsmjc q|n|ma hna|byq bh qnho|} nyo uqol6
HQB\ 4 9*;
HQQ@ 4 >*?
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
hna|byq bh qnho|} `mq|ol nibxo Loqmcjn|mbj bh n q{oamhmol inqo sml|g n`qb yodbxoq qbdo bh |go
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hna|byq bh qnho|} `mq|ol nibxo* Loqmcjn|mbj bh n q{oamhmol inqo sml|g n`qb yodbxoq qbdo bh |go
abjq|yua|mbj ujaoy|nmj|} njl xnymnim`m|} {yoxmbuq`} nqqbamn|ol sm|g dnj ybae loqmcjn|mbjq*
Qmvoq bh bxoy`}mjc ybaeq nyo |goj lo|oydmjol i} q{oamh}mjc n xoy|man` inae bh ybaeoy}, n G
in||oy hby |go hybj| hnao bh |go ybaeoy}, njl n dmjmdud an{ ybae qmvo*
Ioanuqo |go qomqdma na|mxm|} mq yo`n|mxo`} gmcg |gybucgbu| An`mhbyjmn, |go ybaeoymoq nyo loqmcjol
hby uqo mj _jmhbyd Ium`lmjc Ablo '_IA- Qomqdma Vbjoq 1 njl 7 |b < 7 mj- \go qmcjmhmanjao bh |gmq do|gbl mq |gn| qdn``oy inqo ybaeq nyo yo~umyol hby qomqdma
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'>*7 |b ?; dd '8 mj- bh |go nxoynco ybaeoy} hnao5 |gn| mq, |go
abj|na| {bmj| mq n|, by xoy} a`bqo |b, |go hybj| bh |go ybaeoy}* \gmq yoqu`|q mj nj naao{|ni`o hna|by
bh qnho|} hby mj|oy$ybae bxoy|uyjmjc, njl, ioanuqo mj|oy$ybae bxoy|uyjmjc gnq iooj qgbsj |b io
dbyo aym|man` |gnj mj|oy$ybae q`mlmjc,mj|oy$ybae q`mlmjc mq n`qb yoqb`xol* Qmdm`ny |b b|goy do|gblq
loqaymiol {yoxmbuq`}, qoxoyn` {yoqaym{|mxo yo~umyodoj|q nyo q{oamhmol hby onag ybaeoy}, mja`ulmjc6
\go `bjc ybae lmdojqmbj qgbu`l io {`naol {oy{ojlmau`ny |b |go q`b{o*
\go ybaeq qgbu`l q`b{o lbsj |bsnylq 'mj|b- |go q`b{o n| nj mja`mjn|mbj bh n| `onq| ?/*
N| `onq| 1;; dd '>9 mj- bh cynju`ny lynmjnco dn|oymn` abjqmq|mjc bh >;;$ |b >?;$dd ';;$dd$lmndo|oy '?; '8 m - g `l i gm e l l gm em e g `l i
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
Hnamjc ybaeq qgbu`l abjhbyd |b dn|oymn`q njl {`naodoj| q{oamhman|mbjq loqaymiol mj
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Hnamjc ybaeq qgbu`l abjhbyd |b dn|oymn`q njl {`naodoj| q{oamhman|mbjq loqaymiol mj
Qoa|mbj 39Q`b{o [yb|oa|mbj bh |go Q|n|o bh An`mhbyjmn, Lo{ny|doj| bh \ynjq{by|n|mbj
'An`\ynjq- Q|njlnyl Q{oamhman|mbjq,'>9-
njl qgbu`l io njcu`ny, mjluyn|o, njl jbj$
hyna|uyol*
\b xoymh} |gn| |go ybaeoymoq nyo abjq|yua|ol naabylmjc |b |goqo q{oamhman|mbjq, mj|oydm||oj|
biqoyxn|mbj i} nj ow{oymojaol ojcmjooy mq yo~umyol luymjc abjq|yua|mbj bh n`` ybaeoymoq |n``oy |gnj
>*7 d '8 h|-* Lohmamoj| abjq|yua|mbj dn|oymn`q by {ybaoluyoq anj |goj io mloj|mhmol njl abyyoa|ol*
Q_DDNY] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
Nq oxmlojaol i} |go {yoaolmjc qoa|mbjq, |go `m|oyn|uyo qonyag {oyhbydol hby |gmq q|ul} quccoq|q
|gn| |go njn`}|man` do|gblq uqol hby |go loqmcj njl oxn`un|mbj bh ybaeoymoq mq `mdm|ol njl xnymoq
abjqmloyni`}* Gbsoxoy, n`|gbucg |go loqmcj do|gblq xny}, dnj} bh |go cojoyn` yu`oq$bh$|gudi
uqol |b cumlo ybaeoy} loqmcj nyo yo`n|mxo`} abjqmq|oj|* \go xnymbuq loqmcj {ybaoluyoq njl yu`oq$
bh$|gudi nyo quddnymvol 'i} qbuyao- mj \ni`o 1 '[yoqaym{|mxo Do|gblq- njl \ni`o < 'Njn`}|man`
Do|gblq-*
N`|gbucg jb| qgbsj mj \ni`o 1, jbjo bh |go {yoqaym{|mxo do|gblq q{oamh} dmjmdud xn`uoq hby
|go inqo ybae sml|g5 agmjemjc5 ybae qgn{o by njcu`nym|}5 by |go dmjmdud an{ ybae sml|g by
somcg|*
AGN[\OY 9 Q_YXO] BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
\ni`o 1* Abd{nymqbj bh {yoqaym{|mxo loqmcj do|gblq mj lmhhoyoj| am|moq*
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{ { { c
Loqmcj[nyndo|oy
Am|}bhQon||`o,
SN
'9-
Am|}bhIymoy,
SN'
1-
Am|}bhEjbwxm``o,
\J
'>1-
Am|}bhQ{nyeq,JX
'uj{ui`mqgol-
Dnwmdud gomcg|, d 'h|- >*7 '8- 'n- >*7 '8- >*9 '9- J"N
8;; |b =;;
'9< |b 18-1;; '>9-
Dnwmdud in||oy G J"N >9X6>G G
Dnwmdud inaeq`b{o 1X67G >X61G J"N >X61G
Ybae qmvo loqmcjn|mbj Dnj ybaeq J"NSml|g
9; |b 8; ad Dnj ybaeq
Ybaeoymoq n``bsol mj hm``
abjlm|mbjq2Jb 'i- ]oq J"N ]oq 'i-
Inaelynmj yo~umyol2 ]oq ]oq ]oq ]oq
Dmjmdud inaelynmj
|gmaejoqq, dd 'mj-1;; '>9- J"N J"N
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{ } c
Loqmcj [nyndo|oyCyn} (
Qb|my'==;5 uj{ui`mqgol-
QNCO
'uj{ui`mqgol-
Loqmcj do|gblb`bc}
Qb`xo o~un|mbj hby
gomcg|$|b$inqo$
sml|g 'G"I- yn|mb
inqol bj qbm`
hyma|mbj njc`o '-,bxoy|uyjmjc hna|by
bh qnho|} 'HQB\-,
njl hnamjccobdo|y}
Qb`xo hby aym|man`
G"I yn|mb inqol bj
njl q`b{o mja`mjn|mbj
'm- xn`uoq5 uqo
{bby`} abjq|yua|ol
ybaeoy} '[AY-
auyxoq
Loqmcj ybaeoy} mj
;*1$d '>$h|- mjayodoj|q
hybd |b{ lbsj5 qb`xo
hby HQB\ nibxo hmjmqg
cynlo n| inqo bh
ybaeoy}, njl q`mlmjc
hna|by bh qnho|} 'HQQ@-
hby odiollol {by|mbjbh ybaeoy}
Loqmcj nq n cynxm|}
yo|nmjmjc q|yua|uyo5
qn|mqh} mj|oyjn`
q|nim`m|} |gybucg ybae
{`naodoj|
q{oamhman|mbj5 mja`ulo
qomqdma hbyaoq
Dmjmdud hna|byq bh
qnho|}6
Bxoy|uyjmjc 'HQB\-Jb dmjmdud
q{oamhmol>*; 'n- >*? |b 9*? 'i- 9*;
Q`mlmjc 'HQQ@- J"N J"N >*? |b 9*?'i- >*?
Ionymjc 'HQIA- J"N J"N J"N 1*;
Dnwmdud gomcg|, d 'h|- 1*; '>;- ?-
Dmjmdud inqo sml|g J"N G"1 J"N G"9
Odioldoj|
lo|oydmjn|mbj
[yoqaym{|mxo5
1;; dd '>9 mj-
dmjmdud
[yoqaym{|mxo5
1;; dd '>9 mj-
dmjmdud 'a-
An`au`n|ol5 inqol bj
HQQ@
[yoqaym{|mxo5
1;; dd '>9 mj-
dmjmdud
Dnwmdud hnao
in||oy1X6>G G J"N G
Dnwmdud inaeq`b{omja`mjn|mbj >X69G H`n| J"N >X6>*?G
Ybae qmvo loqmcjn|mbj Sml|g Dnj ybaeq Sml|g Sml|g
_qol hby hm`` abjlm|mbjq Jb [bqqmi`o ]oq ]oq 'l-
Inaelynmj yo~umyol2 ]oq ]oq ]oq ]oq
Dmjmdud inaelynmj
|gmaejoqq, dd 'mj-9;; '7-
Xnymoq5 inqol bj
inae au|J"N 1;; '>9-
Dmjmdud an{ ybae
somcg|, ec '`i- J"N J"N J"N =; '9;;-
Dmjmdud an{ ybae
sml|g, dd 'mj-8 |b 9
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AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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Qoxoyn` lmhhoyoj| loqmcj do|gblb`bcmoq soyo mloj|mhmol mj Agn{|oy 9 |gn| gnxo iooj uqol |b
loqmcj ybaeoymoq* [yoqaym{|mxo loqmcj do|gblq inqol bj nqqudol ybae lmdojqmbjq nyo
n{{yb{ymn|o hby ybaeoymoq `oqq |gnj >*7 d '7 h|- gmcg mj au| abjlm|mbjq* '9,1- Njn`}|man` by a`bqol$
hbyd qb`u|mbj do|gblq, quag nq |gbqo quccoq|ol i} Cyn} ( Qb|my, ' @oxo` inaeq`b{o, 7X6>G inae au|, `bbqo cynju`ny inaehm`` ' 4 1;-*
Anqo !9 @oxo` inaeq`b{o, 7X6>G inae au|, dolmud lojqo |b lojqo cynju`ny inaehm``
' 4 18-*
Anqo !1 >X69G inaeq`b{o, 7X6>G inae au|, dolmud lojqo cynju`ny inaehm``
' 4 1G inae au|, `bbqo cynju`ny inaehm`` ' 4 1;-*
AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
{uy{bqoq bh abd{nymjc njl abj|ynq|mjc |go yoqu`|q hybd |go xnymbuq njn`}qmq {ybaoluyoq, md{na|q
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luo |b b|goy hna|byq, mja`ulmjc hybq| gonxo by qabuy, soyo joc`oa|ol*
\ni`o ?* Qbm` njl ybaeoy} {yb{oy|moq uqol hby iojagdnyemjc bh njn`}qmq {ybaoluyoq*
Loqmcj [yb{oy|} Anqo !> Anqo !9 Anqo !1 Anqo !7*8
'>9;-
>7*8
'>9;-
>7*8
'>9;-
>7*8
'>9;-
Ybaeoy} Hnamjc Lojqm|}
Y, eJ"d1 '{ah-
'nqqudol-
91*?'>?;-
91*?'>?;-
91*?'>?;-
91*?'>?;-
Jb|oq6 OH[ 4 O~umxn`oj| H`uml [yoqquyo'n-
Hby Anqo !
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ANQO !>
G 4 >*9d, 9*>d, 1*;d
>
4 ;*1;
>
4 1;
q 4 >7*8 eJ"d
[NQQMXO YOQMQ\NJAO 4
13*1 eJ"d
4 91*? eJ"dY
I
G 4 >*9d, 9*>d, 1*;d
>
>
4 18
q 4 >7*8 eJ"d
[NQQMXO YOQMQ\NJAO 4
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>
4 ;*1?
>
4 17*8 eJ"d
[NQQMXO YOQMQ\NJAO 4
*9d, 9*>d, 1*;d
G 4 >*9d, 9*>d, 1*;d
>7*8 eJ"d
[NQQMXO YOQMQ\NJAO 413*1 eJ"d
Y
aY 4 8*3 eJ"d
4 91*? eJ"d
AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
ABD[NYMQBJ BH DO\GBLQ
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\go yo~umyol dmjmdud ybaeoy} inqo ybae sml|g snq lo|oydmjol hby onag bh |go |}{man` anqoq
`mq|ol nibxo uqmjc |go do|gblb`bcmoq i} Cyn} ( Qb|my'*? mq uqol* \gmq mq mj abj|ynq| |b q|n|odoj|q dnlo i} b|goy
nu|gbyq |gn| bxoy|uyjmjc abj|yb`q ybaeoy} loqmcj njl qmvmjc*
Hby |go God{gm`` do|gbl, n hna|by bh qnho|} bh 9*; snq n`qb uqol hby ib|g HQB\ njl HQQ@* \gmq
xn`uo mq inqol bj cumlnjao mj |go God{gm`` yo{by| yocnylmjc ybaeoymoq abjq|yua|ol sm|g
mj|oydm||oj| biqoyxn|mbj i} |go loqmcjoy* Ioanuqo ybaeoy} abjq|yua|mbj mq |}{man``} jb| biqoyxol
bj n hu``$|mdo inqmq, so io`moxo |gmq mq nj n{{yb{ymn|o nqqud{|mbj hby loqmcj abjqmq|oj| sm|g |gmq
do|gbl*
N loqmcj hna|by bh qnho|} mq jb| {yb{bqol i} Cyn} ( Qb|my'
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om|goy ujmhbyd by |b |n{oy hybd ib||bd |b |b{ sm|g n yo`n|mxo`} qgn``bs mja`mjn|mbj 'G |b
8X6>G-* \goyohbyo, |go abd{u|ol dnqq uqol |b yoqmq| bxoy|uyjmjc mq qmdm`ny hby onag {ybaoluyo,njl |goqo do|gblq yoqu`| mj qmdm`ny inqo ybae sml|gq sgoj abd{u|mjc HQB\*
Gbsoxoy, |go God{gm`` do|gbl agoaeq hby bxoy|uyjmjc mj n q|o{$smqo hnqgmbj hybd |go |b{ lbsj*
Nq n yoqu`|, u{{oy ybaeq |ojl |b io duag qdn``oy |gnj `bsoy ybaeq, sgmag yoqu`|q mj n `oqq
ujmhbyd, njl dbyo q|o{smqo, ybaeoy} |gmaejoqq* Huy|goydbyo, ioanuqo |go qmvo njl somcg| bh |go
u{{oydbq| hnamjc ybaeq mq dmjmdmvol ony`} mj |go loqmcj {ybaoluyo, |goyo mq `oqq jbydn` hbyao
'somcg|- sm|g sgmag |b cojoyn|o hyma|mbjn` yoqmq|njao, njl, nq n yoqu`|, |go loqmcj {ybaoluyo |ojlq
|b yoqu`| mj smloy inqo ybaeq |gn| |go b|goy do|gblq* Mj nllm|mbj, |go inqo ybaeq abd{u|ol uqmjc
|go God{gm`` do|gbl |ojl |b io dbyo loo{`} odiollol |gnj |go b|goy do|gblq mj sgmag
hbujln|mbj lo{|g mq cojoyn``} {yoqaymiol*
\go abd{u|ol inqo ybae sml|gq hby onag do|gbl njl loqmcj anqo nyo {yoqoj|ol mj \ni`o 8* \go
an`au`n|mbjq cojoyn``} }mo`lol inqo sml|gq |gn| nyo `oqq |gnj |go dmjmdud {yoqaym{|mxo xn`uoq
yoabddojlol mj onag yohoyojao* \goyohbyo, mh |goqo do|gblq soyo uqol hby loqmcj, |go
{yoqaym{|mxo inqo ybaeq sml|gq sbu`l abj|yb` |go loqmcj*
Sgm`o {oyhbydmjc |go njn`}qoq hby onag bh |go lmhhoyoj| do|gblq, mjqmcg|q soyo cnmjol yocnylmjc
q{oamhma do|gblq njl yoqu`|q* \goqo mjqmcg|q nyo loqaymiol mj |go hb``bsmjc quiqoa|mbjq*
Cyn} ( Qb|my Do|gbl
Nq lmqauqqol mj Agn{|oy 9, |go o~un|mbjq {yoqoj|ol mj |go Cyn} ( Qb|my'
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Abd{u|ol Inqo Sml|g I 'do|oyq-'n-
Do|gblb`bc}
Loqmcj Anqoq[yoqaym{|mxo
I4;*1G $;*?G
QNCO
HQB\ 9HQQ@ >*?
God{gm``
HQB\ 9HQQ@ 9
Cyn} (Qb|my
HQB\ 9Gojlybj
'i-
HQB\ 4 >
>*9 d ;**< ;*1 ;* d ;*8$>*> >*; 9*1 ;*? ;*3
Anqo!>
1*; d ;*=$>*? >*< 1*9 ;*3 >*;>*9 d ;* d ;*8$>*> ;*7 >*8 ;*< ;*?
Anqo!9
1*; d ;*=$>*? >*; 9*> ;*? ;*3
>*9 d ;**8 ;*1 J"N 'a-
9*> d ;*8$>*> >*> 1*; ;*? J"N'a-
A
nqo!1
1*; d ;*=$>*? >*? ;*7 J"N'a-
>*9 d ;* ';*9- 'l- ;*> '>*;- 'l-
9*> d ;*8$>*> ';*7-'l-
>*1 '9*;-'l-
;*9 ';*1?-'l-
;*> '>*3-'l-
Anqo!*? '>*>- 'l- >*7 '9*7- 'l- ;*1 ';*?- 'l- ;*9 '9*8*3 eJ"d1, 4;/ `bsoy |gnj |go bymcmjn` Cyn} ( Qb|my agny| hby
inaeq`b{o mja`mjn|mbjq '- io|sooj >? njl 9; locyooq* So io`moxo |gmq lmhhoyojao mq yo`n|ol |b
|go do|gbl mj sgmag |go EN xn`uo mq abd{u|ol hby q`b{mjc inaehm`` abjlm|mbjq* \go do|gbl uqol
` ` m E lm l m g C ( Q m
AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
Qb|my gnxo quiq|m|u|ol |go |oyd i 'qoo Hmcuyo 93- mj|b |go o~un|mbj, sgoyonq Gojlybj syb|o bu|
n`` |go |oydq
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n`` |go |oydq*
Hmcuyo 9?* O~un|mbj* Abd{u|n|mbj bh na|mxo ony|g {yoqquyo abohhmamoj| 'EN- i} |go Abu`bdi
do|gbl*
Hmcuyo 98* O~un|mbj* Abyyoa|ol o~un|mbj hby gomcg|$|b$inqo$sml|g 'G"I- yn|mb hby uqo sm|g
Cyn} ( Qb|mynjn`}qmq do|gbl*
Hmcuyo 93* O~un|mbj* Abyyoa|ol lohmjm|mbj bh |go |oyd i mj Hmcuyo >7*
G
AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
\ni`o 8 n`qb mjlman|oq |gn| inqo ybae sml|gq abd{u|ol uqmjc |go Cyn} ( Qb|my do|gbl
'HQB\ 4 9 ;- nyo na|un``} qdn``oy '`oqq abjqoyxn|mxo- |gn| |gbqo abd{u|ol uqmjc |go Gojlybj
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'HQB\ 4 9*;- nyo na|un``} qdn``oy '`oqq abjqoyxn|mxo- |gn| |gbqo abd{u|ol uqmjc |go Gojlybj
do|gbl 'HQB\ 4 >*;-* Jbydn``}, bjo sbu`l nqqudo |go qdn``oy ybae sml|gq sbu`l io abd{u|oluqmjc |go do|gbl sm|g |go `bsoy hna|by bh qnho|}* Gbsoxoy, Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl'?-
yoabddojlol |go Gojlybj [AY loqmcj auyxoq io uqol hby loqmcj mj `mou bh |go SAY auyxoq 'qoo
Agn{|oy 9 njl Hmcuyo =-, njl nq n yoqu`|, |go Gojlybj do|gbl mq dbyo abjqoyxn|mxo |gnj |go Cyn}
( Qb|my do|gbl*
God{gm`` Q`mlmjc njl Bxoy|uyjmjc Q|nim`m|} Njn`}qoq
Nq lmqauqqol {yoxmbuq`}, |go |nyco| hna|by bh qnho|} hby ib|g HQQ@ njl HQB\ mj |go God{gm``
njn`}qoq mq yoabddojlol |b io io|sooj >*? njl 9*?* God{gm`` yoabddojlq `bsoy hna|byq bh
qnho|} io uqol nq |go ndbuj| bh abj|yb` njl biqoyxn|mbj |go loqmcj ojcmjooy gnq luymjc
abjq|yua|mbj mjayonqoq* N hna|by bh qnho|} bh 9*; snq uqol mj |go njn`}qoq {oyhbydol hby |gmq
q|ul}, sgmag mq abjqmq|oj| sm|g God{gm``q yoabddojln|mbjq hby mj|oydm||oj| abjq|yua|mbj
biqoyxn|mbj* \gmq hna|by bh qnho|} mq n{{`mol |b ib|g mj|oyjn` 'mj|oy$ybae- q`mlmjc njl bxoy|uyjmjc
nibxo |go cybujl `mjo njl ow|oyjn` q`mlmjc io`bs |go cybujl `mjo*
Nq lmqauqqol {yoxmbuq`}, |go God{gm`` do|gbl |ojlq |b dmjmdmvo |go qmvo njl somcg| bh |go ybaeq
n| |go |b{ bh |go ybaeoy}, sgmag yoluaoq |go bxoyn`` q|yua|uyo somcg| bxoy |go ow{bqol hnao bh |go
ybaeoy}* \go jo| md{na| mq |gn| |goyo mq `oqq somcg| |b {ybxmlo n jbydn` hbyao |b yoqmq| q`mlmjc
n`bjc |go ib||bd bh |go inqo ybae* Huy|goydbyo, |go xn`uo bh HQQ@ uqol mq gmcgoy |gnj b|goy
njn`}qmq do|gblq, njl dbyo yoqmq|mjc hbyao mq yo~umyol |b yoqmq| q`mlmjc sgm`o bi|nmjmjc |go
loqmyol hna|by bh qnho|}* Nq \ni`o 8 lodbjq|yn|oq, |go abdimjol md{na| bh |goqo hna|byq yoqu`|q mj
inqo ybae qmvoq |gn| nyo `nycoy |gnj |go b|goy |gyoo do|gblq* Sgm`o |go uqo bh n gmcgoy hna|by bhqnho|} 'HQQ@- sm|g |gmq do|gbl `onlq |b qbdosgn| bh nj n{{`oq$|b$bynjcoq abd{nymqbj |b |go
b|goy do|gblq, |go xn`uo bh HQQ@ snq qo`oa|ol inqol bj |go aym|oymn {ybxmlol mj |go God{gm``
yo{by| \gmq |}{o bh abd{nymqbj gnq xn`uo ioanuqo m| mq md{by|nj| |b ujloyq|njl |go lmhhoyojaoq
AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
Hby |go b|goy |gyoo do|gblq uqol, |go odioldoj| mq cojoyn``} n {yoqaymiol lo{|g inqol bj |go
abjlm|mbjq n| |go |bo bh |go ybaeoy} njl xnymoq io|sooj ; 1 njl ; 8 d '> njl 9 h|-
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abjlm|mbjq n| |go |bo bh |go ybaeoy} njl xnymoq io|sooj ;*1 njl ;*8 d '> njl 9 h|-*
Qgn``bs Inae Au|q 'Loqmcj Anqo !
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n s n s n c n { x } { An x s ~ n
|gmq do|gbl mjlman|oq |go inqo sml|gq mjayonqo yo`n|mxo`} ~umae`} nq |go nqqudol inae au| 'mj |gmqanqo, |go inae bh |go ybaeoy}- jonyq xoy|man`* \go hu`` loymxn|mbj bh |go Gojlybj o~un|mbjq mq jb|
{yoqoj|ol mj Cmhhbyl njl Emye`njl, qb m| mq lmhhmau`| |b nqaoy|nmj sg} |gmq baauyq* Gbsoxoy, m|
n{{onyq |gn| ioanuqo |go o~un|mbjq soyo bymcmjn``} loymxol hby {yb|oa|mjc ybaeoymoq, nqqud{|mbjq
soyo dnlo |gn| `onl |b abjqoyxn|mxo ybaeoy} loqmcjq hby yo|nmjmjc n{{`man|mbjq*
Q_DDNY]
Yo`n|mxo`} q{onemjc, |go Cyn} ( Qb|my njl Gojlybj do|gblq {ybluaol |go jnyybsoq| bxoyn`` inqo
sml|gq nq abd{nyol |b |go b|goy do|gblq, owao{| hby Anqo ! ;
AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
ABJA@_QMBJQ
Yo|nmjmjc Ybaeoymoq
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Yo|nmjmjc Ybaeoymoq
Inqol bj |go oxn`un|mbj {oyhbydol hby |gmq yo{by|, m| anj io abja`ulol |gn| onag do|gbl {ybxmloq
xn`uni`o |bb`q hby ybaeoy} oxn`un|mbj by loqmcj* \go do|gblq {yb{bqol i} Cyn} ( Qb|my,
Gojlybj, njl God{gm``, n`|gbucg lmhhmau`| |b nln{| |b n ymcbybuq loqmcj do|gblb`bc}, anj n`` io
onqm`} nln{|ol hby oxn`un|mbj bh |go q|nim`m|} bh owmq|mjc ybaeoymoq* N`|gbucg |go God{gm``
do|gbl qoodq |b yoqu`| mj |go dbq| abjqoyxn|mxo ybaeoy} loqmcjq, m| gnq |go nlxnj|nco |gn| m| anj
io nln{|ol |b qomqdma loqmcj ioanuqo |go `bnlq nyo abd{u|ol sm|gmj |go njn`}qmq* \go Gojlybj
njl Cyn} ( Qb|my do|gblq nllyoqq q|n|ma `bnlq bj`}*
N| n dmjmdud, |goqo do|gblq {ybxmlo xn`ml qayoojmjc do|gblq |gn| anj io uqol |b lo|oydmjo mh
huy|goy njn`}qmq mq snyynj|ol* Agny|q loxo`b{ol hybd |go Cyn} ( Qb|my njl Gojlybj njn`}qoq, mj
{ny|mau`ny, anj io uqol hby yn{ml oxn`un|mbj bh n {ny|mau`ny abdimjn|mbj bh qbm` abjlm|mbjq njl
q`b{o cobdo|y}* Nq ownd{`o agny| loxo`b{ol uqmjc |go Cyn} ( Qb|my do|gbl mq {yoqoj|ol nq
Hmcuyo 9=*
Hby |go yoabddojlol loqmcj do|gblb`bc} |b io uqohu`, gbsoxoy, m| duq| io nln{|mxo |b du`|m{`o
loqmcj xnymni`oq, mja`ulmjc ybaeoy} qmvo njl gomcg|, inaeq`b{o abjlm|mbjq, qbm` abjlm|mbjq, njl
n{{`mol `bnlmjc* _`|mdn|o`}, n a`bqol$hbyd njn`}|man` njn`}qmq do|gbl, quag nq |go do|gbl uqol
i} QNCO, n{{onyq |b io |go dbq| xoyqn|m`o hby ybaeoy} loqmcj* Ioanuqo |gmq qoymoq bh o~un|mbjq mq
inqol bj cynxm|} sn`` loqmcj do|gblb`bc}, |go o~un|mbjq anj io onqm`} nln{|ol |b xnymbuq qm|o
njl qbm` abjlm|mbjq, xogma`o quyagnycoq, cunylynm` `bnlq, njl qomqdma `bnlmjc abjlm|mbjq* \gmq
do|gbl anj n`qb io nln{|ol |b owmq|mjc HGSN yo~umyodoj|q hby qocdoj|n` cynxm|} sn`` loqmcj*
Dbyobxoy, |goqo a`bqol$hbyd o~un|mbjq |}{man``} yoqu`| mj ybaeoy} inqo sml|gq, I, bj |go byloy bh;*1G |b ;*?G, sgmag mq abjqmq|oj| sm|g |go yu`oq bh |gudi hby dbq| bh |go do|gblq yoxmosol
luymjc |gmq q|ul}*
AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
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Hmcuyo 9=* Agny|* \}{man` agny| {`b||mjc q`b{o mja`mjn|mbj '- xq* gomcg|$|b$inqo$sml|g 'G"I-yn|mb uqmjc |go Cyn} ( Qb|my do|gbl* Agny| loxo`b{ol hby 4 19, 4 >7*7 eJ"d1
'>9; {ah-, njl HQ 4 9*
Nj nllm|mbjn` nlxnj|nco bh n a`bqol$hbyd do|gbl mq |gn| m| anj io nln{|ol |b ujm~uo qm|un|mbjq,
sgmag cmxoq |go Loqmcj Ojcmjooy by Cob|oagjman` Ojcmjooy h`owmim`m|}* Ioanuqo |go do|gbl
oxn`un|oq nj} lymxmjc by yoqmq|mjc hbyaoq na|mjc bj |go ybaeoy} q|yua|uyo, |go o~un|mbjq anj io
onqm`} nln{|ol |b mja`ulo hbyaoq b|goy |gnj `n|oyn` ony|g hbyaoq* \guq, |go ojcmjooy mq hyoo |b uqo
ojcmjooymjc fulcdoj| sgoj n{{`}mjc `bnlq |b |go ybaeoy} q}q|od*
[yb|oa|mjc Ybaeoymoq
[yb|oa|mjc ybaeoymoq, sgmag nyo cojoyn``} uqol hby oybqmbj {yb|oa|mbj n| |go |bo bh q`b{o by
agnjjo`, nyo jb| |go {ymdny} hbauq bh |gmq yo{by|* Gbsoxoy, sgoyo q`b{oq nyo mjgoyoj|`} q|ni`o
g h g e m i l m e m g h `` i e
AGN[\OY 1 ABD[NYMQBJ BH OWMQ\MJC LOQMCJ DO\GBLQ
qgbu`l {oyhbyd n c`bin` q|nim`m|} njn`}qmq uqmjc n{{yb{ymn|o q`b{o q|nim`m|} qbh|snyo |b abjhmyd
|go c`bin` q|nim`m|} bh |go qbm` q`b{o*
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\go Gojlybj njl Cyn} ( Qb|my do|gblq n{{ony |b io dbq| n{{`mani`o hby loqmcjmjc {yb|oa|mjc
ybaeoymoq* Ioanuqo |goqo do|gblq nyo inqol bj |go oxn`un|mbj bh bj`} bjo do|gbl bh {b|oj|mn`
mjq|nim`m|} 'bxoy|uyjmjc-, |go} lb jb| naabuj| hby b|goy hnm`uyo doagnjmqdq, quag nq q`mlmjc by
qomqdma `bnlmjc* Huy|goydbyo, |goqo do|gblq nyo inqol bj n `mdm|ol qo| bh nqqud{|mbjq njl nyo
lmhhmau`| |b ow|yn{b`n|o |b b|goy loqmcj anqoq, quag nq qomqdma `bnlmjc by |ynhhma quyagnycoq*
AGN[\OY < YOABDDOJLOL YBAEOY] LOQMCJ C_MLO@MJOQ
AGN[\OY < YOABDDOJLOL YBAEOY] LOQMCJ C_MLO@MJOQ
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Inqol bj |go |gbuqnjlq bh abddoyamn` ybaeoymoq mj owmq|ojao |gn| nyo {oyhbydmjc so``, ybaeoymoq
anj io n lo{ojlni`o njl ohhoa|mxo yo|nmjmjc qb`u|mbj {ybxmlol |go} nyo {yb{oy`} loqmcjol,
lo|nm`ol, njl abjq|yua|ol* Mj |gmq yoq{oa|, ybaeoymoq nyo jb lmhhoyoj| hybd abjxoj|mbjn` yomjhbyaol
abjayo|o yo|nmjmjc sn``q by doagnjman``} q|nim`mvol ony|g by odinjedoj| 'DQO- sn``q* Sgm`o
|goyo mq jb ~uoq|mbj |gn| n so``$loqmcjol ybaeoy} |gn| mq abjq|yua|ol {bby`} sm`` {oyhbyd {bby`},
|go oxmlojao mjlman|oq |gn| so``$abjq|yua|ol, dbloyj ybaeoymoq q|m`` {oyhbyd so`` oxoj |gbucg |go
loqmcj {ybaoluyoq uqol dn} xny} abjqmloyni`}*
N {ymdny} bifoa|mxo bh |gmq q|ul} mq |b loxo`b{ yn|mbjn` loqmcj {ybaoluyoq |gn| anj io uqol i}
Holoyn` @njlq Gmcgsn} 'H@G- cob|oagjman` ojcmjooyq hby |go loqmcj bh hu|uyo ybaeoymoq njl
oxn`un|mbj bh owmq|mjc ybaeoymoq* Ybaeoymoq nyo abd{bqol bh `nyco i`baeq bh q|naeol ybae, gonx}
ojbucg njl lmdojqmbjn``} nlo~un|o |b hbyd n q|yua|uyo |gn| yoqmq|q bxoy|uyjmjc njl q`mlmjc
hbyaoq* Mj |gmq yoq{oa|, ybaeoymoq anj io |yon|ol nq cynxm|} sn``q, njl anj io njn`}vol yn|mbjn``}
uqmjc dblmhmol hbydq bh abjxoj|mbjn` cynxm|} yo|nmjmjc sn`` loqmcj do|gblb`bcmoq*
Q\N\MA LOQMCJ
Loqmcj bh nj} yo|nmjmjc q|yua|uyo mjxb`xoq |go lo|oydmjn|mbj bh |sb an|ocbymoq bh hbyaoqlymxmjc
hbyaoq njl yoqmq|mjc hbyaoq* Hby ybaeoymoq, lymxmjc hbyaoq dn} mja`ulo `n|oyn` ony|g {yoqquyoq
iogmjl |go ybaeoy}, quyagnyco {yoqquyoq 'ib|g xoy|man` njl gbymvbj|n`-, g}lybq|n|ma h`uml
{yoqquyoq, njl qomqdma {yoqquyoq* Yoqmq|mjc hbyaoq anj mja`ulo |go |b|n` somcg| bh |go ybaeoy} njl
mjlmxmlun` ybaeq, mj|oy$ybae hyma|mbj, inqo ybaehbujln|mbj hyma|mbj, njl, mj qbdo anqoq, {nqqmxo
{yoqquyo n| |go |bo bh |go ybaeoy}* Sgoyo Abu`bdi ony|g {yoqquyoq nyo uqol, |go xoy|man`
abd{bjoj| bh |go na|mxo ony|g {yoqquyo anj n`qb nml mj q|nim`mvmjc |go ybaeoy}*
AGN[\OY < YOABDDOJLOL YBAEOY] LOQMCJ C_MLO@MJOQ
|go na|mxo qbm` {yoqquyo 'HN- njl quyagnyco `bnlq 'HQ-* Yoqmq|mjc hbyaoq mja`ulo inqo hyma|mbj 'H-
njl {nqqmxo yoqmq|njao 'H[-, mh uqol*
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Hmcuyo 1;* Cyn{gma* Qagodn|ma ybaeoy} qoa|mbj qgbsmjc aym|man` lmdojqmbjq njl {nyndo|oyq
|b io lo|oydmjol hby loqmcj*
Hby loqmcj, |go {ybfoa| Cob|oagjman` Ojcmjooy qgbu`l {ybxmlo |go hb``bsmjc cob|oagjman`
{nyndo|oyq6
Hyma|mbj njc`o '- njl |yuo abgoqmbj 'a- hby ib|g yo|nmjol njl hbujln|mbj qbm`q* Mj dbq|
anqoq, |go ohhoa|mxo q|yoqq xn`uoq '# njl a#- sm`` io uqol hby loqmcj* Hby |go {uy{bqoq bh
|gmq yo{by|, |goqo xn`uoq nyo qmd{`} `nio`ol nq njl a njl m| mq nqqudol |go uqoy sm``
uqo |go n{{yb{ymn|o {nyndo|oyq*
b \b|n` q|yoqq {nyndo|oyq dn} baanqmbjn``} io yo~umyol, quag nq mj |go anqo bh yn{ml
sn|oy lynslbsj hby n ybaeoy} uqol mj n qgbyo`mjo n{{`man|mbj by sgoj agoaemjc
AGN[\OY < YOABDDOJLOL YBAEOY] LOQMCJ C_MLO@MJOQ
gmcgoy na|mxo {yoqquyo bj |go inae bh |go ybaeoy} njl yodbxoq ujaoy|nmj|}
yocnylmjc jbj$ujmhbyd by {ybi`odn|ma qbm`q, quag nq yoqmlun` qbm`q* Dblmhman|mbjq
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|b |go o~un|mbjq {yoqoj|ol goyomj sbu`l io yo~umyol mh n jbj$voyb xn`uo bh a mq
uqol*
Mj|oyhnao hyma|mbj njc`o '-* [oy Abu`bdiq ony|g {yoqquyo do|gblq, |go mj|oyhnao hyma|mbj
njc`o mq bh|oj nqqudol |b io o~un` |b qbdo hyna|mbj bh |go qbm` hyma|mbj njc`o, |}{man``} bj
|go byloy 9"1 |b *
N``bsni`o inae au| njc`o '-*
Qbm` ujm| somcg| 'Q-5 |}{man``} io|sooj >3*9 njl 9;*< eJ"d1 '>>; njl >1; {ah-*
_jm| somcg| hby ybae 'Y-5 |}{man``} nqqudol |b io 91*? eJ"d1
'>?; {ah-, mja`ulmjc xbml
q{nao*
Dmjmdud yo~umyol odioldoj| lo{|g 'L-* Ioanuqo {nqqmxo yoqmq|njao n| |go |bo mq
abddbj`} joc`oa|ol hby ybaeoy} loqmcj, |go xn`uo bh L mq |}{man``} abjq|ynmjol i} |go
{b|oj|mn` hby lmq|uyinjao bh |go qbm` n| |go |bo* Nq n dmjmdud, L qgbu`l io 1;; dd
'> h|- hby `oxo` |bo abjlm|mbjq, njl qgbu`l ow|ojl io`bs |go lo{|g bh hybq| {ojo|yn|mbj by
nj|mam{n|ol qabuy* Hby q`b{mjc |bo abjlm|mbjq, L qgbu`l io quhhmamoj| |b nagmoxo >7;; d
'8 h|- bh `n|oyn` qbm` abxoy mj hybj| bh |go inqo ybae*
Nj u{{oy |gmaejoqq bh qbm` 'l- mq bh|oj joc`oa|ol n| |go cybujl quyhnao sgoj abd{u|mjc
|go {nqqmxo yoqmq|njao* \go xn`uo bh l mq abddbj`} nqqudol |b io 1;; dd '>9 mj- hby
`oxo` |bo abjlm|mbjq*
N``bsni`o ionymjc {yoqquyo njl oq|mdn|ol qo||`odoj| luo |b |go somcg| bh |go ybaeoy}* Mj
|go anqo sgoyo |gmae hm``q sm`` hbyd |go hbujln|mbj hby |go ybaeoy}, |go oq|mdn|ol |b|n` njl
AGN[\OY < YOABDDOJLOL YBAEOY] LOQMCJ C_MLO@MJOQ
abjlm|mbjq* M| mq ynyo hby quyagnyco `bnlq |b io {`naol bj nj mjhmjm|o inaeq`b{o iogmjl n
ybaeoy}* Gbsoxoy, sgoyo iybeoj inaeq`b{o abjlm|mbjq owmq|, |go abdimjol mjh`uojao bh
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ib|g |go iybeoj inaeq`b{o njl nj} u{q`b{o quyagnycoq qgbu`l io abjqmloyol*
@n|oyn` Ony|g [yoqquyoq
Mj dbq| anqoq, ybaeoymoq nyo nqqudol hyoo |b yb|n|o nibu| |go inqo, njl |go ony|g {yoqquyo mq
|}{man``} abd{u|ol i} du`|m{`}mjc |go `n|oyn` ony|g {yoqquyo abohhmamoj| hby na|mxo qbm` abjlm|mbjq
'EN- i} |go ujm| somcg| bh |go qbm` '
q-* Ioanuqo |go yoqu`|mjc xn`uo gnq |go ujm|q bh lojqm|}
'Hbyao"@ojc|g1-, m| mq bh|oj ow{yoqqol mj |oydq bh nj o~umxn`oj| h`uml {yoqquyo 'OH[- bh yo|nmjol
qbm`* N dbyo lo|nm`ol lmqauqqmbj bh `n|oyn` ony|g {yoqquyoq dn} io hbujl mj dbq| hbujln|mbj
ojcmjooymjc |ow|ibbeq, quag nq |gbqo i} Lnq'>
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|go inae bh |go ybaeoy} hnamjc o`odoj|q* Ioanuqo |go hyma|mbj njc`o bh |go ayuqgol ybae mq n`dbq|
n`sn}q cyon|oy |gnj |gn| bh |go yo|nmjol qbm`, |gmq qmd{`mh}mjc nqqud{|mbj mq uqun``} abjqoyxn|mxo*
Gbsoxoy, nq lodbjq|yn|ol {yoxmbuq`} i} ownd{`o Anqo !< 'Hmcuyo 9
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{yoqquyo n{{`mol i} |go ayuqgol ybae inaehm`` qgbu`l io agoaeol |b lo|oydmjo mh m| mq dbyo aym|man`|gnj |go yo|nmjol qbm`* Mj nllm|mbj, n c`bin` q`b{o q|nim`m|} njn`}qmq dn} io yo~umyol |b lo|oydmjo
mh |go bxoyn`` q|nim`m|} bh |go q`b{o mq naao{|ni`o*
\go {yoaolmjc lmqauqqmbj nqqudoq |gn| jbj$ow{njqmxo dn|oymn`q nyo ow{bqol mj |go inae au|* Mh
gmcg`} {`nq|ma jn|mxo a`n} by ow{njqmxo iolybae