Post on 21-Dec-2015
transcript
USING CONTEXT-AWARE COMPUTING TO SUPPORT ENGINEERING
COLLABORATION
Dr Zeeshan AzizCenter for Innovative
Collaborative Engineering, Loughborough University, UK.
Presentation Outline
• Need for Context-Awareness in Collaborative Working
• Service Delivery Framework• Case studies of Service Delivery Framework
Implementation – Transportation– Learning Environment– Construction Site Operations
Foreman
CraftsmenWorking forces
Project Manager
Architects/Engineers
Suppliers
Design Project Partners
Administration
Issues in Collaborative Working
Reasons for Contractor Re-WorkReasons for Contractor Re-Work
(Source: ICE, 1998)
Issues in Collaborative Working • “the cost of construction can be reduced by 25%
through the efficient transfer of information”. ICE Publication
• “BP Exploration estimates that reducing the time needed to locate and acquire information would increase efficiency and result in annual savings of between US$10 million and US$20 million”
Project Collaboration Management
The Problem
ClientClientProject Project
CollaborCollaborationation
Arch.Arch.
Q.S.Q.S.
Eng.Eng.
ContractorContractor
Site-Based Site-Based PersonnelPersonnel
Collaborative Needs of Mobile Workers
• The need to address the collaboration needs of mobile workers have long been understood
• To exploit the potential of emerging mobile communication technologies, many recent research projects have focused on the application of these technologies to support mobile engineers
Limitations of the Existing Approaches
• Existing mobile ICT deployments see support for mobile engineers as a “simple” delivery of static information using asynchronous or synchronous communications
• There is no consideration of user context and dynamic conditions of a project or changing user requirements
Need for Context-Awareness
CONTEXT-AWARENESS THE DIGITAL WORLD
THE REAL WORLD
Key Benefits of Context Aware Information Delivery
• Reduction in distractions related to the volume and level of information;
• Improved Usability via reduced user interaction;
• Improved decision making.
• Perception – the basic perception of important information• Comprehension – the integration of multiple pieces of information and a
determination of their relevance to the person’s goals• Projection – the ability to forecast future situation events and dynamics
Decision Making
Context Awarenes
s
Environment
Performance
Feedback
ProjectionInterpretatio
nPerception
Improved Decision Making via Context Awareness
Service Delivery Framework
Pilot – Construction Site
Profile: Project Manager
Context Aware Data DeliveryBLOCK ABLOCK AFLOOR 4FLOOR 4
Profile: Project ManagerTask: Inspect work done by
Electrical Contractor
Context Aware Data Delivery
BLOCK ABLOCK AFLOOR 4FLOOR 4BLOCK BBLOCK B
FLOOR 4FLOOR 4
Context Dimensions
Time(e.g. Excavation, foundations,
formwork placement, finishing, etc)
Time(e.g. Excavation, foundations,
formwork placement, finishing, etc)
User Activity(e.g. Inspect the work, pick up
skips, roof wiring on ground floor Etc)
User Activity(e.g. Inspect the work, pick up
skips, roof wiring on ground floor Etc)
User Device(e.g. PDA, Tablet PC, Notebook,
etc)
User Device(e.g. PDA, Tablet PC, Notebook,
etc)
Location(e.g. on-site office, close to cranes,
Floor 1, etc)
Location(e.g. on-site office, close to cranes,
Floor 1, etc)
User ID(e.g. Foreman, Project Manager, Site Supervisor, Electrician, etc)
User ID(e.g. Foreman, Project Manager, Site Supervisor, Electrician, etc)
Context Dimensions
Context Dimensions
Profile Based Task Allocation
Tracking People for Improved H&S
Real Time Tracking
Inventory Management
Real Time Inventory Updates
Intelligent Wireless Project Management
Zone NZone N
Zone BZone B
Case-Study :Context-Aware Services Delivery
in Transportation
Pilot Objectives Station Staff- Location-based access to video-cameras-Context-based Security Alerts - Context-Aware VoIP
Train Dispatch Staff- Access to traffic information- Interconnection information- Ticket issuing & control
Maintenance Engineers- Task notification- Access to diagrams/data- Collaboration tools
General Public- Location-based services- Ad-push- VoIP
ContextTracking
Context-Based Pull& Push
Context-AwareApplications
1. Real-time monitoring of user-location and status
2. Monitoring of external events (e.g. Train disruptions)
3. Monitoring of user device type
1. Delivery of information/secu
rity alerts to users based on
their context2. Information pull
based on user-context
1. Integrating context knowledge with legacy systems
Corridor 1Escalator E Talk 2 Chief
Silent Alarm
Back to Normal
Escalator E
Front 3 Back 3
Talk 2 Chief
Silent Alarm
Lateral 3
EXIT 3
Origin: RunningLocation: Corridor 1Time: 10:34
OKOK
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR ALERT!
Corridor 1
Corridor 1Escalator E Talk 2 Chief
Silent Alarm
Back to Normal
Escalator E
Front 3 Back 3
Talk 2 Chief
Silent Alarm
Lateral 3
EXIT 3
Back to Normal
Aspects of Deployment
Deployment Architecture
Context Engine
Positioning Engine
Client
Client
WirelessBase Station
CE
Client
Rail Timetables
Audit DatabaseContext
Engine
CE
ApplicationServers
3rd PartyServicesPacket Gateway
(PDSN, GGSN)
GPRS/UMTSNetwork
WAN
NETWORK
PosGPRS, UMTSCell-basedLocation Enabler
Operator
Applications Deployed
• Context-aware security alerts
• Context-aware audit support
• Context-aware access to train-running information
Alert
Get AreaContext
Device
Role
Network
Position
Find ClosestUsers
Push Info
Origin: Bill SmithLocation: Exit 3, Time: 10:34 OKOK
ALERT !
Origin: RunningLocation: Corridor 1Time: 10:34OKOK
PDA
WiFi Pos
Cell ID
Security
Wi-Fi
GPRS
Context Aware Security
Talk 2 ChiefSilent Alarm
ENTRANCE 2
Alarm
Warning
Origin: Bill SmithLocation: Exit 3Time: 10:34OKOK
ALERT !
Talk 2 ChiefSilent Alarm
ENTRANCE 2
Trigger a Silent Alarm
Alarm!
Alert Closest Users!
Alert Closest Users!
Push Event, picture and
Coordinates
Show Map and Picture
Push Event Information
Front 3 Back 3
Talk 2 Chief
Silent Alarm
Lateral 3
EXIT 3
Origin: RunningLocation: Corridor 1Time: 10:34OKOK
Take Action!
Context-Aware Security
Context-Aware Audits
Maintenance Task List
Localization of the Maintenance Tasks
The escalator 8104 is out of order
Comment: to be fixed ASAP
OKOK
Urgent Task
Escalator 8104
Esc. 8104 MaintenanceManual
Tag
Tag
Context-Aware Audits
Rail Timetables
Access to Time-table web-service – Details of the station of origin is automatically captured
The Findings
• Overall Positive Response
• Ergonomic Issues - “Not enough hands”
• The wow factor – “the shiny new gadget”
• Demands on user attention
Context-aware data delivery in an Education Pilot
Location Specific
Time Specific Device & User
Specific
( x1,y1,z1)
( x2,y2,z2)
Key objective: Context-Aware Access to Learning Material
•Pushing class notes / presentations•Questionnaires / Surveys•Delivery of applications
Avionics
Physics
Pic Database
Control
Physics
Location-based presentation of
documents/applications
Context Criteria = Location
Lecture Room 2
Lecture Room 1
Lecture Room 2
No Services
MIS class
Strategic Management Class
Location Aware Services Delivery
1
2
3
1
2
3 Letcure Room1
VLE
Avionics
Physics
Pic Database
Control
Physics
Time-based presentation of
documents/applicationsCourse –
CAD Design
Course – Geograph
ic Informati
on Systems
No Courses
Context Criteria = Time
Context Criteria = Device
Device-based presentation of services
DisturbanceManual Disturbance
Teacher InterfaceStudents Interface
Class room response system
General Feedback
• 78% respondents said the approach is better compared to existing approaches
• “It implies equipping all students with portables, otherwise may creates a discrimination issue”
• “Will be easier to annotate hard copies”• “Much depends on students’ preference for
learning – via a screen or using hard copies”
Conclusions
• Enabling technologies are still evolving. • There is a great deal of technological convergence
taking place as well. • This convergence is taking place at several
different levels, including software, hardware and functional levels.
• Convergence reflects that these technologies are complementary and may exist side by side.
Questions ?