Post on 03-Oct-2020
transcript
Symbiosis
Brian O’MearaEEB464 Fall 2019
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dzWBEAhAY8
Definitions of symbiosis
Understanding how and why symbioses can change through time
Making inferences about biology from graphs
Symbiosis = close, often long-lasting (for at least one partner) associations between organisms.
Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism
Both benefitOne benefits, one neutral
One benefits, one loses
SymbiosisSymbiosis
Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism
Both benefitOne benefits, one neutral
One benefits, one loses
+
Benefit to less-helped host
0 -
Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism
Both benefitOne benefits, one neutral
One benefits, one loses
+
Benefit to less-helped host
0 -
+
Benefit to less-helped host
0 -
+
Benefit to less-helped host
0 -
Dur
atio
n of
inte
ract
ion
for
shor
ter-
lived
spe
cies
Brief
Life-long
+
Benefit to less-helped host
0 -
Dur
atio
n of
inte
ract
ion
for
shor
ter-
lived
spe
cies
Brief
Life-long
remora-shark
National geographic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLtUk-W5Gpk
+
Benefit to less-helped host
0 -
Dur
atio
n of
inte
ract
ion
for
shor
ter-
lived
spe
cies
Brief
Life-long
remora-shark
wasp-aphid
+
Benefit to less-helped host
0
Dur
atio
n of
inte
ract
ion
for
shor
ter-
lived
spe
cies
Brief
Life-long
remora-shark
wasp-aphid
-
predation
Merlin Crossley, http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/lyca/evagor.html
Martin Purvis, http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/lyca/evagor.html
Pierce et al. The costs and benefits of cooperation between the Australian lycaenid butterfly, Jalmenus evagoras, and its attendant ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (1987) vol. 21 (4) pp. 237-248
• Ant attendance reduces predation on caterpillars/pupae
Pierce et al. The costs and benefits of cooperation between the Australian lycaenid butterfly, Jalmenus evagoras, and its attendant ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (1987) vol. 21 (4) pp. 237-248
• Ant attendance reduces predation on caterpillars/pupae
• Ants heavier after leaving the caterpillars/pupae
Pierce et al. The costs and benefits of cooperation between the Australian lycaenid butterfly, Jalmenus evagoras, and its attendant ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (1987) vol. 21 (4) pp. 237-248
• Ant attendance reduces predation on caterpillars/pupae
• Ants heavier after leaving the caterpillars/pupae
• Adults reared with ants smaller than ones reared without ants
+
Benefit to less-helped host
0
Dur
atio
n of
inte
ract
ion
for
shor
ter-
lived
spe
cies
Brief
Life-long
remora-shark
wasp-aphid
-
predation
ant-butterfly(x-axis butterfly)
http://www.newscientist.com/articleimages/dn18439/0-zoologger-the-very-hungry-caterpillar-usurps-a-queen.html
Als et al. The evolution of alternative parasitic life histories in large blue butterflies. Nature (2004) vol. 432 (7015) pp. 386-390
+
Benefit to less-helped host
0
Dur
atio
n of
inte
ract
ion
for
shor
ter-
lived
spe
cies
Brief
Life-long
remora-shark
wasp-aphid
-
predation
ant-butterfly(x-axis butterfly)
butterfly-ant(x-axis ant)
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/key_issues/climate_change/climate_change_and_the_great_barrier_reef/what_is_coral_bleaching
+
Benefit to less-helped host
0
Dur
atio
n of
inte
ract
ion
for
shor
ter-
lived
spe
cies
Brief
Life-long
remora-shark
wasp-aphid
-
predation
ant-butterfly(x-axis butterfly)
butterfly-ant(x-axis ant)
coral-zooanthellae
Huelsenbeck et al. Statistical tests of host-parasite cospeciation. Evolution (1997) vol. 51 (2) pp. 410-419
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_24