Valley ForgeValley Forge

Valley ForgeValley Forge

British PlanBritish Plan Cut off New Cut off New

England from the England from the Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

Capture the Capture the Hudson Hudson - General Burgoyne - General Burgoyne (B) brings 8,000 (B) brings 8,000 troops from Canada troops from Canada

Retreat to Fort Retreat to Fort SaratogaSaratoga

SARATOGA SARATOGA 10/17/7710/17/77

Horatio Gates attacks Saratoga and defeats Horatio Gates attacks Saratoga and defeats the Britishthe British

Daniel Morgan – guerilla war and sharp Daniel Morgan – guerilla war and sharp shootersshooters

Spoils Britain’s plan to cut off New England Spoils Britain’s plan to cut off New England from the Middle Coloniesfrom the Middle Colonies

Other countries see Saratoga and send aid Other countries see Saratoga and send aid (1year)(1year)

1. France sends generals 1. France sends generals

2. Spain sends rifles 2. Spain sends rifles

3. Both send men3. Both send men

Warm Up?Warm Up?

How is this How is this picture of picture of Washington Washington different from different from other portraits other portraits of Washington?of Washington?

Explain Explain Washington’s Washington’s emotions in this emotions in this painting.painting.

A Difficult WinterA Difficult Winter1778 British occupied Philadelphia 1778 British occupied Philadelphia Washington sets up camp 20 miles Washington sets up camp 20 miles

to the west at Valley Forge to the west at Valley Forge Winter of suffering Winter of suffering

- lack of food - lack of food

- clothing and shelter- clothing and shelter

- small pox- small pox Washington struggled to keep army Washington struggled to keep army

from desertingfrom deserting

The Crisis – Thomas The Crisis – Thomas PainePaine

THESE are the times that try men's souls. THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. triumph.

After the WinterAfter the Winter

2,000 soldiers dead 2,000 soldiers dead Spring brings more soldiers Spring brings more soldiers

enlistments enlistments

Spring 1778 Washington announces Spring 1778 Washington announces that the American and French alliancethat the American and French alliance

Continental Army better than everContinental Army better than ever

Overseas helpOverseas help

Marquis de Lafayette Marquis de Lafayette – becomes – becomes Washington’s most trusted aideWashington’s most trusted aide

SteubenSteuben – officer from Germany – officer from Germany who drills the patriots into an who drills the patriots into an effective fighting forceeffective fighting force

French American French American AllianceAlliance

CauseCause France pay back France pay back

British for British for French and French and Indian WarIndian War

Victory at Victory at Saratoga make Saratoga make French believe in French believe in Patriots Patriots

Ben FranklinBen Franklin

EffectEffect France lends France lends

moneymoney Sends soldiers Sends soldiers

and shipsand ships Patriots win Patriots win

the American the American RevolutionRevolution

Home FrontHome Front

Women picked up the slack Women picked up the slack - Abigail Adams – worked the farm- Abigail Adams – worked the farm - Betsy Ross – sewed first American - Betsy Ross – sewed first American

flagflag

Money issues – inflation takes more Money issues – inflation takes more money to buy same amount of goodsmoney to buy same amount of goods

Ex. Toy = $1 after inflation $2Ex. Toy = $1 after inflation $2

June 1778June 1778

George Rogers Clark George Rogers Clark Captures VincennesCaptures Vincennes Important victory because it Important victory because it

captures the west for the captures the west for the AmericansAmericans

John Paul JonesJohn Paul Jones

Privateers – private ship owners Privateers – private ship owners took their ships and equipped them took their ships and equipped them with weapons with weapons

Jones’ naval victories inspires the Jones’ naval victories inspires the American Army American Army

“ “ I have not yet begun to fight” I have not yet begun to fight”

Valley Forge is the low point for Valley Forge is the low point for the Americansthe Americans

After Valley Forge foreign aid After Valley Forge foreign aid and heroes like Jones will lead and heroes like Jones will lead the Americans to win the war.the Americans to win the war.

Lafayette’s QuartersLafayette’s Quarters

Henry Knox’s quartersHenry Knox’s quarters

Statue of FrederichVon Statue of FrederichVon SteubenSteuben

Observation TowersObservation Towers

Old ForgeOld Forge

Washington’s Washington’s HeadquartersHeadquarters

Knox’s Artillery ParkKnox’s Artillery Park

National Memorial ArchNational Memorial Arch

Soldiers HutsSoldiers Huts

Washington Memorial and Washington Memorial and Chapel Chapel