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NORTH AMERICASOLID WASTE
www.VeoliaES.com
Todd WatermolenVice President Engineering & Compliance
Veolia ES Solid Waste, Inc.
Veolia’s Bioreactor Landfill Experience
Veolia’s World-wide Network of Operating Landfills
Latin America
France
Europe excluding France
Africa - Middle East
Asia
Pacific
6 NHW1 NHW
3 NHW
47 NHW
10 Inert
3 Inert
2 HW
5 HW
North America
6 Inert
21 NHW47 NHW
Inert waste
Non hazardous waste
Hazardous waste
LANDFILLS
Proactiva *
12 NHW
• Proactiva – Joint Venture -Veolia Environnement and FCC
4 HW
1 Inert
1 HW
7 NHW
1 HW
1 Inert
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Veolia Solid Waste Locations in North America
CollectionTransfer StationLandfill
Veolia Locations
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Questions? Thank You.
Turning waste into a resource
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Veolia landfill’s with Bioreactor Technology in North America
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Anaerobic Bioreactor
The objective of the Anaerobic Landfill Bioreactor is to accelerate the anaerobic decomposition of waste by providing optimal conditions for microorganisms. The most important variable is achieving an adequate moisture content.
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SWANA Bioreactor Landfill Definition
Any permitted Subtitle D landfill or landfill cell where liquid or air is
injected in a controlled fashion into the waste mass in order to
accelerate or enhance biostabilization of the waste.
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Typical Bioreactor Landfill with dual purpose liquid distribution and gas collection lines
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Excavated Waste Moisture Measurements from Well Drilling
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Veolia Greentree Landfill
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―Fully contained, engineered facility.
―Began operations December 1986.
―Total permitted volume = 24,179,800 cubic meters with 16,644,300 M3 of waste in place.
―Waste characteristics >95% MSW.
Veolia Greentree Landfill
Site Characteristics
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―Total permitted waste footprint 936 hectares.
―Current Landfill Gas Management 9,000 M3
per hour.
―Current leachate generation 315,800 liters per day with on site leachate treatment.
Veolia Greentree Landfill
Site Characteristics
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Location % MSWAverage
Metric Tons Per Day
Years Operational Cap In Place
Volume of Waste In-
Place (Cubic Meters)
Total Permitted
Volume (Cubic
Meters)
Site One Zone A w/o
Recirculation73 1052 1986-1995
26 acres with clay soil cap completed in 1993
and 20 acres with geomembrane cap completed in 1996
2,713,405 2,826,559
Site One Zone B w/o
Recirculation70 1152 1990 to 2004
13 acres with geomembrane cap on
outside slopes completed 2001and
23.2 Acres with geomembrane cap completed in Dec.
2004
2,924,369 2,924,369
Site One Zone C with
Recirculation75 1152 1990 to 2004
8.3 acres with geomembrane cap completed in Dec.
2004
1,168,293 1,168,293
Site Two Cell 1 83 2994 2000 to 2004
Final Cover over area 12.0 Acres with
geomembrane cap completed in 2004
1,011,143 1,011,143
Site Two Cell 2 86 3175 2001 to 2004
Final Cover over area 7.6 Acres with geomembrane cap completed in 2004
786,584 786,584
Site Two Cell 3 89 3357 2001 to August 2005
Final Cover over area 7.3 Acres with
geomembrane cap completed in 2005
725,118 725,118
Site Two Cell 4 89 3901 2001 to September 2005
Final Cover over area 9.3 Acres with
geomembrane cap completed in 2005
1,011,307 1,039,920
Site Two Cell 5 92 3992 2/18/2002 to present
Intermediate cover and active filling 1,096,798 1,535,708
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* Density in Cells 6/7A and 7B/8A were calculated using total tons disposed in both cells combined because tons were not separated accurately during disposal of waste.
1690*ND00Site Two Cell
8B/9A
1690*59.531Site Two Cell 7B/8A
1690*40.62114Site Two Cell 6/7A
148039.61217Site Two Cell 5
179443.2312Site Two Cell 4
160541.02313Site Two Cell 3
155428.6811Site Two Cell 2
181836.62615Site Two Cell 1
1755293134Site One Zone C with Recirculation
161237.31323Site One Zone B w/o Recirculation
95128.0039Site One Zone A
w/o Recirculation
Average Waste Density
In-Place Average Moisture Content
No. of Samples Collected
No. of Gas Wells
Location
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• Collection points include gas wells and cleanouts; no gas is being collected thru the leachate recirculation lines at this time.** Cleanouts are not attached to the gas collection system currently.
02--3
(not yet used)4**000Cell 8B/9A
02.9 to 3.4--6
(not yet used)4**10.00Cell 7B/8A
143.72.9 to 3.975.81371455.5606Cell 6/7A
635.02.9 to 4.956.9811752.0911Cell 5
509.51.9 to 5.9
Closed 2005
56.1921254.5674Cell 4
666.41.9 to 5.9
Closed 2005
48.61021354.3632Cell 3
540.42.9 to 6.4
Closed50.51021153.0556Cell 2
607.22.9 to 6.9
Closed56.91211553.5803Cell 1
386.13.4 to 16.9
Closed17.47934
53.8(during 2005)
590(during 2004 to
Sept. 2005)
Zone C with Recirculation
96.73.4 to 16.9
Closed16.1--923
51.3(during 2005)
370(during 2004 to
Sept. 2005)
Zone B w/o Recirculation
210.211.4 to
20.9Closed
19.1--83950.9
(during 2005)
746(during 2004 to
Sept. 2005)
Zone A w/o Recirculation
Cfm per 1 million Cubic
Yards of MSW
Age of Waste
Range in Years
Average cfm per
Collection Points
Leachate Recirculation
Lines
No. of Cleanouts
No. of Gas
Wells
Average Methane Content
Average Gas FlowLocation
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Veolia ES Greentree LandfillLeachate Generation and Precipitation
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Year
Annu
al L
each
ate
Gen
erat
ion
(Lite
rs-M
illion
s)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Ann
ual P
reci
pita
tion
(Cen
timet
ers)
Annual Leachate GenerationAnnual Precipitation
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Veolia ES Greentree Landfill Leachate Recirculation Data
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08
Litre
s/M
onth
Leachate Generated Leachate Recirculated PreTreated Liquids Surface Applied
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Veolia ES Greentree Landfill LFG Collection Trend (M3/Min)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Cub
ic M
eter
s pe
r Min
ute
Original Landfill Predicted LFG Collected Expansion Landfill Predicted LFG CollectedTotal Landfill Predicted LFG Collected Original Landfill Actual LFG CollectedExpansion Landfill Actual LFG Collected Total Landfill Actual LFG Collected
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Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill Area – Average Methane Concentration
Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill Area – Average Methane Concentration
Total Cells 1‐5 Area:48.1 Acres19.5 Hectares
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Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill Area – Average Methane Concentration
Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill Area – Average Methane Concentration
Total Cells 1‐5 Area:48.1 Acres 19.5 Hectares
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Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill AreaAverage Landfill Gas Flow Concentration
Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill AreaAverage Landfill Gas Flow Concentration
Total Cells 1‐5 Area:48.1 Acres 19.5 Hectares
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Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill AreaAverage Percent of Moisture
Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill AreaAverage Percent of Moisture
Total Cells 1‐5 Area:48.1 Acres19.5 Hectares
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Veolia Pine Ridge Landfill - Bahamas
— New landfill facility began operating in 2002.
— 300 tons per day, (19 hectares in area). Waste
placed over 7 hectares.
— Primarily MSW with significant C&D due to hurricane
events.
— Approximately 2.0 meters of annual precipitation
with 90% deposited during one forth of the year.
Site Characteristics
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Veolia Pine Ridge Landfill - Bahamas
— Fully contained / engineered facility.
— Active gas extraction system initiated 2004.
— Limited leachate treatment options on the island.
— Managing leachate, surface water and landfill gas for
bioreactor landfill.
Site Characteristics
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― Fully contained, engineered facility.
― Located 250 km southwest of Sydney.
― Began operations in 2004.
― Mine void, 200 meter depth, 25 million cubic meter volume, 41 hectare surface area.
― Residual municipal solid waste stream with approximately 30% moisture content.
Woodlawn Bioreactor Landfill, New South Wales, Australia
Site Characteristics
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― 0.4 meters of annual precipitation, semi arid environment.
― On site leachate treatment.
― Phased active gas extraction system.
― Surface water infiltration – acid mine drainage.
― H2S gas formation concerns.
Woodlawn Bioreactor Landfill, New South Wales, Australia
Site Characteristics
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Gas Collection
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― Fully contained, engineered facility.
― Began operations in 2001, 15 year term (contract)
― Total estimated volume = approx. 15,000,000 cubic meters with 2,800,000 M3 of waste in place (BEA)
― Waste characteristics >95% MSW. Very organic (70% OM) moist waste, 40 – 60% moisture content.
― Total waste footprint, 67 hectares
Borg El Arab, Alexandria Egypt Landfill Experience
Site Characteristics
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― Current Landfill Gas Management began in 2003 and currently operates at 500 M3 per hour.
(This site is operated as part of a Global Waste Management contract. There are now two LFs; the El Hamman LF was constructed for use in the summer months as the Borg El Arab site is located near the coastline (vacation area). The figures provided only pertain to BEA.)
― Fully contained, engineered facility.
― Began operations in 2001, 15 year term (contract)
― Total estimated volume = approx. 15,000,000 cubic meters with 2,800,000 M3 of waste in place (BEA)
Borg El Arab, Alexandria Egypt Landfill Experience
Site Characteristics
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― Waste characteristics >95% MSW. Very organic (70% OM) moist waste, 40 – 60% moisture content.
― Total waste footprint, 67 hectares
― Current Landfill Gas Management began in 2003 and currently operates at 500 M3 per hour.
― (This site is operated as part of a Global Waste Management contract. There are now two LFs; the El Hamman LF was constructed for use in the summer months as the Borg El Arab site is located near the coastline (vacation area). The figures provided only pertain to BEA.)
Borg El Arab, Alexandria Egypt Landfill Experience
Site Characteristics
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― Current leachate generation approximately 125 M3
per day evacuated from the site to offsite treatment
― <0.2 meters precipitation per year, evaporation 0.18 meters per year.
― Phased landfill gas collection system.
― Progressive vertical wells
― Vertical wells
Borg El Arab, Alexandria Egypt Landfill Experience
Site Characteristics
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― Enclosed flare
― Advanced monitoring and data storage system installed for CDM compliance
Leachate Treatment
― Leachate evaporator
― Evaporation ponds
― Transport to WWTP
Borg El Arab, Alexandria Egypt Landfill Experience
Site Characteristics
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― Laogang MSW Landfill Phase 4 is located at the east end of Laogang Town, Nanhui, Shanghai, located approximately 60 km from Shanghai central. It covers an area of 361 hectares. Length is 4200m, width 800m.
― Commenced design and construction: Dec 2003.
― Formal commencement of operations: Dec 2005.
― Ownership: Shanghai Government.
Site Characteristics
Laogang Landfill, China
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Laogang Landfill, China
―Operating entity: Shanghai Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Company, a joint venture between foreign partners (VES & CITIC Pacific) and local partner Shanghai Chengtou. VES brings the design, construction & operational expertise to the Project.
―Concession agreement to the operating entity: Design, construction and operations for 20 years
―Landfilling capacity: 80 million cbm
Site Characteristics
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―Current in-take: 6,300 tpd with majority delivered by barges; less than 10% is delivered by trucks from Nanhui District
―Waste is highly organic and very moist
―Large early gas generation at 3000 cm/hr
―Land and space available well after the 20-year contract
―Landfill gas utilization is accomplished with internal combustion engines (2.5 MW currently)
Site Characteristics
Laogang Landfill, China
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― Land and space available well after the 20-year contract.
― The landfill treats waste from 11 districts of Shanghai.
― It is the largest municipal waste sanitary landfill in China.
Site Characteristics
Laogang Landfill, China
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Laogang Landfill – Liner system
Double-lined disposal areas
Full QA/QC
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Laogang Landfill - Tipping Area
Waste characteristics :
>70% organic waste
High moisture content
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Projects in China – Laogang Landfill
Leachate TreatmentLTP uses Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) plus SBR biological processes to treat leachate to class 3 standard, plus reduction in ammonia and nitrogen.The effluent is discharged to municipal sewage water treatment plant.Design capacity 1,500 tpd; ultimate capacity 3,000 tpd.Annual rainfall : 1.5m
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Landfill Gas (LFG) is a good indicator of Bioreactivity.
• Landfill gas generation rates increased by a factor of 3 to 10 times.
• Active LFG system installations are extremely time sensitive due to potential fugitive air emissions.
Macro Data Results on Bioreactor Landfills
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Macro Data Results of Bioreactor Landfilling
Waste Characteristics
• Initial MSW moisture contents are highly variable with ranges from 15% to 40% typical.
• MSW moisture contents increased over time and with depth based on insitu measurements.
• Density increases of 20 to 30% have been recorded where bioreactor activities have been performed over a five year time period.
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All Bioreactor Landfill sites are unique
―Must have engineered containment.
―Waste characteristics must have large amounts of organics.
―Hydrologic conditions (rainfall) and moisture management are a key operating factor.
Summary
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All Bioreactor Landfill sites are unique
―Economies of scale play an important role in Industrial / Commercial viability of landfill gas utilization (produce 100% to 500% more gas, what can be done to utilize this energy?)
―On site geology and soils (ability to control infiltration).
―Short term and long term landfill gas control
is key to good operational controls.
Summary