Post on 13-Aug-2015
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REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELAMINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA
LA EDUCACIÓNUNIVERSIDAD YACAMBÚ
CABUDARE - LARA – LA MORA
Student: Gabriela C. Lucena S.
Record: ACP- 14300669
Tenses Verbs
TYPES OF VERB TENSES
Past
• Simple• Progressiv
e
Present
• Simple• Progressive
Future• Simple• Progressive
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.
We use the present simple tense to express the following ideas:• To state facts or general
truths• To express habits or
customs• To relate future plans
(often regarding programs and timetables)
• To tell jokes and stories or to report sporting events in real time.
Types of sentences:
1. Affirmative2. Negative3. Interrogative
1. Affirmative SentencesStructure
Subject + Verb + Rest of sentence
Subject Verb Rest of sentence
I / You / We / They sleep late on
Saturdays
He / She / It goes
to the beach every weekend
Forming the Present Simple
Examples of the Present Simple
• The sun sets in the west.
• We produce lasers for cosmetic surgery.
• They move into their new home next week.
• So, I go to Mr. D and say “I deserve a better mark in this class”.
• Jones stops in mid-court and passes the ball to Schuster.
The most common time expressions in the present simple are: usually, always, never, on Wednesdays, every Wednesday, twice a week, once a month, in general, every other day.
Time expressions made up of one word are placed between the subject and the verb in positive sentences and questions and between the auxiliary verb and main verb in negative sentences.
I always study hard for exams. Do you usually speak to him like that?
Time expressions made up of two or more words are placed either at the beginning or the end of a sentence and usually at the end of questions.
Ben goes to football practice every Tuesday. In general, I believe that all people can live in peace. you go to the supermarket every week?
Time Expressions in the Present Simple
2. Negative SentencesStructure
Subject + Verb aux (to do) + not + Verb + Rest of sentence
Subject Auxillery verb
Verb in base form
Rest of sentence
I / You / We / They don’t (do not) eat late at night
He / She / It doesn’t (does not) watch TV every day
Examples of the Present Simple
• I don’t like the food they serve at that restaurant.
• Jim doesn’t work on Fridays.
• My friends don’t usually leave so early.
• I do not want to go with you!
Spelling TipWhen shortening the 3rd person (he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘) does not > doesn’t
When creating negative sentences, we usually use the auxiliary verbs don’t and doesn’t + the base form of the verb.
Note: Save the long forms (do not, and does not) for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.
Negative Sentences in the Present Simple Tense
3. Interrogative Sentences
Yes/No Questions in the Present Simple
Punctuation TipAlways begin a sentence, question and wh-question with a capital letter:
1. He always does good work.2. Do you like me?3. What did they bring you?
To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Do or Does, then add a subject (the person or thing that does the action) followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence
Structure
Aux verb to do + subject + Verb + Rest of sentence + ?
Auxiliary Verb subject verb in base
form rest of sentence
Do I / you / we / they drive to the city on
Mondays
Does he / she / it break down often
?
?
?
Examples of the Present Simple
1. Do you surf the Internet every day?
2. Does your boss give you positive feedback?
3. Does Jonathan always turn off the lights?
4. Don’t you ever clean your room?
Interrogative Sentences
Wh-Questions
Wh-Questions in the Present SimpleWh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add do or does, then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.
1.When do you want to meet me?2.Why does Beth always complain so much?3.How much does the ticket cost?4.Why don’t you ever go on vacation?
who, whom what when where why how which whose
Interrogative Sentences
Wh-Word + Aux verb to do + Subject + Verb + Rest of sentence + ?
Structure
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSEThe present progressive tense is formed from the present tense of the verb be and the present participle (-ing form) of a verb
Spelling Tip
Verbing (Present Participle)Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barkingFor verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride > ridingFor verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tyingFor a verb whose last syllable is written with a consonant-vowel-consonant and is stressed, double the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging, begin > beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable is not stressed)
1. Affirmative SentencesStructure
Subject + aux verb to be + verb ing + Rest of sentence
Forming the Present Progressive
Subject A form of be + Verbing (Present Participle) Rest of Sentence
I am taking my final exam tomorrow
He / She / It is sweeping the floor at the moment
You / We / They are giving me a headache
2. Negative SentencesStructure
Subject + aux verb to be + not + Verb ing + Rest of sentence
Subject A form of be + Verbing Rest of Sentence
I am not working on that project now
He / She / It isn’t sleeping at the moment
You / We / They aren’t running in the marathon tomorrow
Spelling Tip
When shortening a form of be and negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)is not > isn’tare not > aren’t
The negative in the present progressive tense is created using am not, is not or are not together with the ing form (present participle) of the verb.
3. Interrogative Sentences
Yes/No Questions in the Present Progressive
To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Am, Is or Are, then choose your subject (the person or thing doing the action), followed by theing (present participle) form of the verb and then the rest of your question.
Structure
Aux verb to be + subject + Verb ing + Rest of sentence + ?
A Form of be Subject Verbing Rest of Sentence
Am I making myself clear
Is he / she / it shaking right now
Are you / we / they buying
steaks for dinner tomorrow
Examples of the Present Progressive1. Am I talking too much?2. Is that your dog barking?3. Are you participating in the
competition next week?
?
?
?
Wh Word A form of be Subject Verbing Rest of
Sentence
Who am I meeting with today
What is he / she / it doing right now
When are you / we / they choosing
the colors for the room
Wh-Questions in the Present Progressive
Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, how, how many, how much.To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add am, is or are, then the subject (a person or thing that is doing the action), followed by the ing ( present participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.1.Which route are you taking to the conference this week?2.Why is she bleeding?3.Who am I sending to the meeting?
?
?
?
PAST SIMPLE TENSEStructure
Subject + Verb in past + Rest of sentence
Spelling Tip
Regular verbs in the past simpleAdd ed to most verbs. Ex. talk > talked , employ > employedIf a short verb ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant, double the last letter and then add ed. Ex. stop > stopped, top > toppedHowever, do not double the last letter if the verb ends in w, x or y. Ex. play > played, mix > mixed.In longer words, if the last syllable of the verb ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant and that syllable is stressed, double the last consonant and then add ed. Ex. prefer > preferredHowever, do not double the last letter if the first syllable is stressed. Ex. enter > enteredIf the verb ends in e, just add d. Ex. create > created , live > livedIf the verb ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i and add ed. Ex. try > tried
1. Affirmative SentencesStructure
Subject + Verb in past + Rest of sentence
Forming the Past SimpleExamples of the Past
Simple
• I visited a client in London yesterday.
• She planned the event all by herself
Subject
Verb + d, ed, iedor irregular form (in past)
Rest of Sentence
I / He / She / It You / We / They
walkedto the shop yesterday
slept late last Saturday
2. Negative SentencesStructure
Subject + didn’t + Verb + Rest of sentenceSpelling Tip
When shortening the 3rd person (he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)did not > didn’tTo create a negative sentence in the past simple, use didn’t (did not) + the base form of the verb.Note: Save the long forms (did not) for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.
Subject didn’t + verb in the base form Rest of Sentence
I / He / She / It You / We / They
didn’t walk to the shop yesterday
didn’t sleep late last Saturda
Examples of the Past Simple
• I didn’t talk to John yesterday.
• He didn’t steal those ideas from the company.
• You didn’t show me the photos from the wedding.
• Ron did not sign the document.
3. Interrogative Sentences
Yes/No Questions in the Past Simple
To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Did, then add a subject (the person or thing that does the action) followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.
Structure
Aux Did + subject + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence + ?
Examples of the Past Simple• Did you ask Tina to go out with
you?• Did the employees stay late again
last night?• Did Rob finish his assignment
yesterday?
Auxiliary Verb Subject verb in base
formrest of sentence
Did
I / you / we / they walk to the shop
yesterday
he / she / it sleep late last Saturday
?
?
?
Wh-Questions in the Past Simple
Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add did (or didn’t for a negative question), then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.
Wh-word auxiliary verb subject verb in
base formrest of sentence
What did I / you / we / theyhe / she / it
sell the house
Why didn’t rescue me
Examples of the Past Simple
• When did you buy that sweater?
• Why did the computer break down?
• How long did the train journey take?
• Why didn’t you tell me about the accident?
?
?
?
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
Spelling TipVerbing (Present Participle)Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barkingFor verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride > ridingFor verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tyingFor a verb whose last syllable is written with a consonant-vowel-consonant and is stressed, double the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging, begin > beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable is not stressed)The past progressive tense is difficult for many non-native speakers to master because many languages don’t have an equivalent.
StructureSubject + aux to be in past (was – were) + Verb ing + Rest of sentence
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
The past progressive describes an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past. It can be used:• To describe an action that started
in the past and was interrupted by another action
• To describe two actions that were in progress at the same time in the past
Subject a form of be + verbing rest of sentence
I / He / She / It was finishing the exam when the bell rang
You / We / They were payingthe bill while I was waiting to be seated
The past progressive is formed using was or were and the ing (present participle) form of the verb.
Examples of the Past Progressive
• I was preparing dinner while Melanie was working upstairs.
• He was writing an e-mail when the phone rang.
• While Melanie was working upstairs, I was preparing dinner.
2. Negative SentencesStructure
Subject + aux to be in past (was – were) + not + Verb ing + Rest of sentence
Spelling TipWhen shortening the 1st & 3rd person (I, he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)was not > wasn’twere not > weren’tThe negative in the past progressive tense is created using was not or were not + the ing (present participle) form of the verb.Note: In general, use these contractions in the negative: wasn’t, weren’t. Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis.
Subject a form of be + verbing rest of sentence
I /He / She / It wasn’t crying when you came home
You / We / They weren’t hiking there when the earthquake hit
Examples of the Past Progressive
• I wasn’t sleeping when you came home last night.
• When Ms. Foster came in, the girls weren’t studying.
• Sam wasn’t lying when he said he loved you.
3. Interrogative Sentences
Yes/No Questions in the Past Progressive
To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Was or Were, (Wasn’t or Weren’t for a negative question) then choose your subject (the person or thing doing the action), followed by the ing (present participle) form of the verb and then the rest of your question.
Structure
Aux verb to be in past (was, were) + subject + Verb ing + Rest of sentence + ?
A form of Be subject verbing rest of sentence
Was I walking too fast
Was he / she / it shouting while you were trying to sleep
Were you / we / they waitingfor her when the plane landed
Examples of the Past Progressive
• Was I talking to you?• Were you writing the report
when the electricity went off?• Wasn’t Tom sitting in the cafe
when you drove past?
?
?
?
Wh-Questions in the Past Progressive
Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, and how.To create a wh-question, start with the Wh-word, then was or were (wasn’t or weren’t for a negative question), then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the ing (participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.
?
?
?
Wh Word a form of be subject verbing rest of
sentence
Who was I talking to
What was he / she / it doing
When were you / we / they planning
on telling me the bad news
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSEThe future can be expressed in several ways in English. Here are the different possibilities:Future Simple: will + base form of the verbBe Going To: am, is, are + going to + base form of the verbShall: Shall + subject + base form of the verb?Future Progressive: will be + verbingPresent Simple and Present Progressive with Future Meaning
.
Time expressions in the Future TenseThere are several time expressions that are used in all of the different forms of the future tense. They are generally used at the end of the sentence or question. The most common are: tomorrow, next week (Sunday/month/year), in two days (weeks, months years), the day after tomorrow.
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE1. Affirmative Sentences Structure
Subject + aux will + verb in base form + Rest of sentence
Examples of the Future Simple
• I will see you tomorrow• She‘ll write the e-mail after
lunch.• She will play tennis with me • He gonig to study
engineering• We going to sleep
StructureSubject + aux verb to be + aux going to + verb in base form + Rest of sentence
2. Negative SentencesStructure
Subject + aux won’t + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence
StructureSubject + aux verb to be + not + goning to + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence
Examples of the Future Simple
• I won’t cook dinner with Julia.
• They won’t buy a new car this year.
• He isn’t going to study in Merida.
• Alice won’t help us decorate for the party.
• If you don’t finish the bid, the boss won’t give you a raise.
• They aren’t going to buy the house.
• I am not going to make dinner tonight.
3. Interrogative SentencesStructure
Aux Will + subject + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence + ?
StructureAux verb to be + Subject + goning to + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence + ?
Yes/No Questions in the Future Simple
To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Will or Won’t, then choose your subject (the person or thing that will be doing the action), followed by be + verbing (present participle).
Will/Wont Subject be + verbing Rest of Sentence
Will Ihe / she / ityou / we / they
be exhibiting at the show next month
Won’t be comingto the wedding on Sunday
?
?
?
3. Interrogative SentencesStructure
Wh + Aux Will + subject + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence + ?
StructureWh + Aux verb to be + Subject + goning to + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence + ?
Wh-Questions in the Future Progressive (Continuous)
Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, how,To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then will +the subject (a person or thing that is doing the action), followed by be + the ing ( present participle) form of the verb. Examples of the Future Simple
• When will he give you an answer?• Why won’t you tell him the truth?• How much is the computer going to cost?• Why aren’t you going to buy that car?• Will Dave burn the CD for you?• Won’t the girls be late for the party?• Am I going to feel bad about my decision?• Is he going to watch the film tonight?