Post on 07-Nov-2015
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IRREGULAR VERBS
IRREGULAR VERBS
A
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
AbideAbode/AbidedAbode/Abided/AbiddenTo continueTo reside\live
Aby/AbeyAboughtAboughtTo make amends for something wrong
AlightAlit/AlightedAlit/AlightedTo get off a bus, train, etc.
AriseAroseArisenTo originateTo get up from horizontal position, out of bedTo come into existence
AwakeAwokeAwokenTo stop sleeping and become conscious
B
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
BackbiteBackbitBackbittenTo speak badly about someone
BackfitBackfitBackfitTo fit new parts into an older machine that weren't available when the machine was made
BacklightBacklitBacklitTo illuminate from behind (photography)
BackslideBackslidBackslid/BacksliddenTo stop making progress and start regressing
BeWas/WereBeenTo exist, live or occur.To have as a quality or a stateAn auxiliary verb
BearBoreBorn/BorneTo carryTo tolerateTo give birth to
BeatBeatBeatenTo hit repeatedly
BecomeBecameBecomeTo come into existence
BedightBedight/BedightedBedight/BedightedTo adorn, decorate
BefallBefellBefallenTo happenTo happen to somebody or something
BegetBegot/BegatBegottenTo cause something to happenTo procreate
BeginBeganBegunTo start something
BegirdBegirt/BegirdedBegirtTo encircle
BehightBehightBehight/BehotenTo promise or vowTo order
BeholdBeheldBeheldTo become conscious of by seeing
BelayBelaid/BelayedBelaid/BelayedTo secure a boat with a ropeTo tie up
BendBentBentTo curve something by distorting its shape
BereaveBereftBereft/BereavedTo lose a relative through their deathTo deprive
BeseechBesought/BeseechedBesought/BeseechedTo ask someone very insistently to do something
BesetBesetBesetTo be restricted and occupied by difficulties
BespeakBespokeBespokenTo be a signal or symbol of something
To set aside or reserve something
To ask for
BestrewBestrewedBestrewed/BestrewnTo cover a surface by throwing things about randomly
BestrideBestrodeBestriddenTo sit or stand with one leg on either side of something
BetBetBetTo risk money against the result of a future event
BetakeBetookBetakenTo go to a place
BethinkBethoughtBethoughtTo think about somethingTo remind yourself
BeweepBeweptBeweptTo cry for or over someone or something
BidBidBidTo make an offer of money or services
BidBadeBiddenTo command or urge someone to do something
BideBided/BodeBidedTo wait forTo tolerateTo withstand
BindBoundBoundTo tie something with string, or similar, to hold it
BiteBitBittenTo cut or hold with teeth
BlawBlawedBlawnTo blow
BleedBledBledTo lose blood through a cut in the skin
BlendBlended/BlentBlended/BlentTo mix together
BlessBlessed/BlestBlessed/BlestTo wish or confer happinessTo make holy
BlowBlewBlownTo move air, wind and gases
Bottle-feedBottle-fedBottle-fedTo feed a baby with a bottle
BowstringBowstrung/BowstringedBowstrungTo strangle with the string from a bow
BreakBrokeBrokenTo cause something to separate into at least two pieces
Breast-feedBreast-fedBreast-fedTo feed a baby with breast milk
BreedBredBredTo produce animals or plants by controlling their reproduction
BringBroughtBroughtTo carry or convey something to the place where you are going
BroadcastBroadcast/BroadcastedBroadcast/BroadcastedTo transmit radio or TV signals
BrowbeatBrowbeatBrowbeat/BrowbeatenTo put pressure on someone or bully them to do something
BuildBuiltBuiltTo construct
BurnBurnt/BurnedBurnt/BurnedTo consume or be consumed by fire
BurstBurstBurstTo break something open, usually by internal pressure, such as a balloon with too much air in it
BustBustBustTo break
BuyBoughtBoughtTo acquire something in exchange for money
C
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
CastCastCastTo throw or project something
CatchCaughtCaughtTo receiveTo stop and hold a moving object, usually with your handsTo make something unable to escape
CheerleadCheerledCheerledTo cheer and support a team in an organised group
ChideChidChid/ChiddenTo tell somebody off when they have done something wrong
ChooseChoseChosenTo select
ClapClapped/ClaptClapped/ClaptTo hit your hands together to make a sound to show approvalTo make a loud noise, like thunder
Clear-cutClear-cutClear-cutTo cut down all trees in an area
CleaveCleft/Cleaved/CloveCleft/Cleaved/ClovenTo separate or divide something, often with forceTo stick or hold together
CleekClaught/Claucht/CleekedCleekedTo grasp or take hold of
ClepeClepedCleped/Ycleped/YcleptTo call or name
ClingClungClungTo hold on to or to stick to
ClotheClad/ClothedClad/ClothedTo dress someone or provide them with clothes
ColorbreedColorbredColorbredTo breed an animal to be of a particular color
ColorcastColorcastColorcastTo broadcast in color
ComeCameComeTo move towards or to arrive at a specified place, time or situation
CostCostCostThe amount of money required to buy something; it costs five dollars.
Cost-cutCost-cutCost-cutTo redcuce costs or expenditure
CounterdrawCounterdrewCounterdrawnTo copy by tracing
CounterlightCounterlitCounterlitTo light something directly from opposite sides
CowriteCowroteCowrittenTo write with someone
Crash-diveCrash-dived/Crash-doveCrash-divedTo go down very quickly
CreepCreptCreptTo move along the ground lying down
Creep-feedCreep-fedCreep-fedTo feed young animals in a special area that adult animals can't get in
Crib-biteCrib-bitCrib-bittenTo bite its manger and swallow air (of a horse)
Cross-biteCross-bitCross-bittenTo thwart or stop something happening by deception
Cross-stringCross-strungCross-strungTo place bass strings on a piano across the treble strings
CrossbreedCrossbredCrossbredTo breed animals or plants of different species, like a mule, which is a crossbreed of a donkey and a horse
CrosscutCrosscutCrosscutTo move between scenes or stories in a film or narrative
CrosslightCrosslitCrosslitTo illuminate from different sides, but not directly opposite
CrowCrowed/CrewCrowedTo boastTo utter a sound indicating pleasure
CutCutCutTo break the surface of something with a knife or similar tool
D
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
DareDared/DurstDaredTo have sufficient courage
DaydreamDaydreamt/DaydreamtDaydreamt/DaydreamtTo have dream-like thoughts when a wakeTo have a fantasy
DealDealtDealtTo distribute, especially playing cards in games
Deep-freezeDeep-frozeDeep-frozenTo freeze or store frozenTo suspend progress or activity
DigDugDugTo make a hole in the ground
DightDight/DightedDight/DightedTo dictate orders
DispreadDispreadDispreadTo spread out
DisproveDisprovedDisproven/DisprovedTo prove that something is fale or wrong
DiveDived/DoveDivedTo jump head first into waterTo fall quickly
DoDidDoneTo perform or carry out
DogfightDogfoughtDogfoughtTo fight in aeroplanesTo arrange a fight between dogs for sport
DowDought/DowedDought/DowedTo have the ability to do somethingTo do well
DrawDrewDrawnTo make a picture using a pen or pencil
DreamDreamt/DreamedDreamt/DreamedTo see visual images while sleeping
DrinkDrankDrunkTo consume liquids
Drip-feedDrip-fedDrip-fedTo feed someone with fluids going into the veinTo release information very slowly, bit by bit
DriveDroveDrivenTo operate and control a car or other vehicle
DwellDweltDweltTo reside or live somewhere
E
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
EatAteEatenTo consume solid food
End-runEnd-ranEnd-runTo avoid doing something by cheating or deceit
EngirdEngirtEngirtTo encircle, encompass
EngraveEngravedEngraved/EngravenTo carve letters or a pattern into the surface of something
EnwindEnwoundEnwoundTo make into a coilTo wrap around something
F
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
FallFellFallenTo move downwards or to the ground
FarebeatFarebeatFarebeatenTo avoid paying fares when using public transport
Fast-cutFast-cutFast-cutTo cut quickly from one scene to another in a film
FeedFedFedTo give or supply food
FeelFeltFeltTo sense by touchTo experience an emotion, or sensation
FightFoughtFoughtTo try to hurt or kill someone in combat or war
FindFoundFoundTo discover something either by chance or when looking for it
FitFit/FittedFit/FittedTo be the correct size, for clothes, etc. (fit/fit/fit)To measure someone for size (fit fit/fitted/ fit/fitted)
Flash-freezeFlash-frozeFlash-frozenTo freeze food very rapidly to preserve taste and nutrients
FleeFledFledTo run away in order to find safety
FlingFlungFlungTo throw or move something suddenly
FloodlightFloodlitFloodlitTo use powerful lights to illuminate something outside at night
FlyFlewFlownTo move through the airTo travel by aeroplane
FlyblowFlyblewFlyblownTo contaminate by laying eggs, the way a fly does
ForbearForboreForborne/ForbornNot to use or talk about something
ForbidForbade/ForbadForbiddenTo prohibit
Force-feedForce-fedForce-fedTo feed someone who refuses or doesn't want to eat
Fordo/ForedoFordidFordoneTo ruin or destroy
ForecastForecast/ForecastedForecast/ForecastedTo predict the future
ForefeelForefeltForefeltTo have a feeling before something happensTo have a premonition
ForegoForewentForegoneTo preceed somethingTo go without something
ForeknowForeknewForeknownTo know something beforehand
ForerunForeranForerunTo go before somethingTo show that something is going to happen
ForeseeForesawForeseenTo predict or see the future
ForeshowForeshowedForshowed/ForeshownTo show something or make it known beforehandTo foretell
ForespeakForespokeForespokenTo predictTo speak of something beforehand
ForetellForetoldForetoldTo predict the future
ForgetForgotForgottenTo be unable to remember something
ForgiveForgaveForgivenTo pardon or stop being angry with someone who has offended you
ForleseForloreForlornTo lose completely
ForsakeForsookForsakenTo give something upTo abandon
ForswearForsworeForswornTo make a false promise or oath
FraughtFraught/FraughtedFraught/FraughtedTo stockTo load a ship, etcTo hire a ship, etc
Free-fallFree-fellFree-fallenTo drop or fall suddenlyTo fall through the air without opening a parachute
FreezeFrozeFrozenTo make liquids into solids by cold temperaturesTo store food below zero degrees centigrade
FrostbiteFrostbitFrostbittenTo injure or damage part of the body through extreme cold
G
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
GainsayGainsaidGainsaidTo contradict or deny
GaslightGaslit/GaslightedGaslit/GaslightedTo frighten and confuse someone so much that they think they are going mad
GeldGelded/GeltGelded/GeltTo castrate an animal
GetGotGot/GottenTo obtain, catch or receive
GhostwriteGhostwroteGhostwrittenTo write for someone else, who will put their name as the author
GildGilt/GildedGilt/GildedTo cover something with a thin layer of gold
GinGanGanTo begin something
GirdGirded/GirtGirded/GirtTo secure or encirle something with a belt or bend
GiveGaveGivenTo offer something as a present
GnawGnawedGnawed/GnawnTo bite or chew
To cause worry
GoWentGone/BeenTo travel to a place
GraveGravedGraven/GravedTo digTo carveTo fix in the memory
GrindGroundGroundTo break something into a powder
GrowGrewGrownTo increase in size
H
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
HagrideHagrodeHagriddenTo torment or cause nightmares
HalterbreakHalterbrokeHalterbrokenTo break a horse in, to get it used to wearing a halter
HamstringHamstrung/HamstringedHamstrung/HamstringedTo make things difficult for someone doing something
Hand-feedHand-fedHand-fedTo give food by hand
Hand-rideHand-rodeHand-riddenTo control an animal by hand
HandsewHandsewedHandsewn/HandsewedTo sew by hand
HandwriteHandwroteHandwrittenTo write with a pen or pencil rather than a word processor
HangHung/HangedHung/HangedTo suspend from a supportTo execute someone by supending them by the neck
HaveHadHadTo possessTo doAn auxiliary verb
HearHeardHeardTo detect or perceive sound
HeaveHeaved/HoveHeaved/HoveTo lift something heavyTo throw something heavy
HewHewedHewnTo cut things into pieces
HideHidHiddenTo conceal or put something where it cannot be seen
HightHote/HightHotenTo nameTo promiseTo command
HitHitHitTo touch somebody or something with force
HoiseHoised/HoistHoised/HoistTo hoist or lift
HoistHoist/HoistedHoist/HoistedTo raise or lift using ropes, etc
HoldHeldHeldTo secure something in your handTo contain
House-sitHouse-satHouse-satTo stay in someone's house to look after it while they are away
HousebreakHousebrokeHousebrokenTo train an animal to live in a house
HurtHurtHurtTo cause pain, injury or stressTo experience pain, injury or stress
I
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
InbreedInbredInbredTo produce babies with health problems by sexual relations between close relatives
IndwellIndweltIndweltTo inhabitTo exist as a guiding principle
InholdInheldInheldTo have as an inherent characteristic
InlayInlaidInlaidTo put a different material inside another for decoration, with a flat surface
InputInput/InputtedInput/InputtedTo enter data into a computer
InsetInsetInsetTo put a picture or graphic inside a lerger one
InterblendInterblended/InterblentInterblended/InterblentTo blend things together
InterbreedInterbredInterbredTo mix species or groups sexually
IntercutIntercutIntercutTo move between different scenes or stories in a film or narrative
IntergraveIntergravedIntergraved/IntergravenTo carve or engrave in alternate sections
InterlayInterlaidInterlaidTo place among or between things
IntersetIntersetIntersetTo set among or between things
InterweaveInterwoveInterwovenTo join or mix together
InterwindInterwoundInterwoundTo wind together or intertwine
InweaveInwove/InweavedInwoven/InweavedTo weave things together
InwindInwoundInwoundTo wrap or coil around
J
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
Jerry-buildJerry-builtJerry-builtTo build something cheaply and badly
K
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
KeepKeptKeptTo have possessionTo make somebody or something stay in a particular place
KenKent/KennedKent/KennedTo know
KneelKnelt/KneeledKnelt/KneeledTo support yourself on your knees
KnitKnit/KnittedKnit/KnittedTo make clothes such as pullovers out of wool
KnowKnewKnownTo be acquainted withTo have correctly in your memory
L
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
LadeLadedLaden/LadedTo load (put goods onto) a ship
LandslideLandslid/LandslidedLandslid/LandslidedTo win a convincing and easy victory in an election
LayLaidLaidTo put something in a horizontal position
LeadLedLedTo take someone somewhere or guide themTo be in command
LeanLeant/LeanedLeant/LeanedTo place something at an incline for support against something
LeapLeapt/LeapedLeapt/LeapedTo jump
LearnLearnt/LearnedLearnt/LearnedTo acquire knowledge
LeaveLeftLeftTo go out of a place
LendLentLentTo give somebody money that must be returned
LepLeptLeptTo leap
LetLetLetTo allow something to happenTo allow someone to do something
LieLayLainTo get into or be in a horizontal position
LightLitLitTo make something burn
LinebreedLinebredLinebredBreed animals from a particular family
Lip-ReadLip-ReadLip-ReadTo work out what someone is saying from the movements of their mouth
LoseLostLostNot to have something because you do not know where it is
M
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
MakeMadeMadeTo create or construct somethingTo cause somebody to do somethingTo perform an action
MeanMeantMeantTo signifyTo intend
MeetMetMetTo make somebody's acquaintanceTo be in the same place as somebody
MeltMeltedMolten/MeltedTo change from solid into a liquid as the temperature goes up
MisbecomeMisbecameMisbecomeNot to suit
MiscastMiscastMiscastTo choose the wrong actor for a role
MischooseMischoseMischosenTo choose wrongly
MiscutMiscutMiscutTo cut something wrongly or badly
MisdealMisdealtMisdealtTo distribute playing cards wrongly in a game
MisdoMisdidMisdoneTo harm or injure
MisfallMisfellMisfallenTo happen unluckily
MisfeedMisfedMisfedTo feed incorrectlyTo jam printers, photocpiers, etc, by feeding the paper incorrectly
MisgiveMisgaveMisgivenTo become suspicious or worried
MishearMisheardMisheardTo hear something incorrectly
MishitMishitMishitTo hit a ball badly or inaccurately
MisknowMisknewMisknownTo have the wrong idea about something
MislayMislaidMislaidTo lose or put something where you cannot find it
MisleadMisledMisledTo make someone behave wronglyTo deceive
MislearnMislearnt/MislearnedMislearnt/MislearnedTo learn wrongly
MisreadMisreadMisreadTo read something incorrectly
MissayMissaidMissaidTo say something incorrectlyTo talk badly about someone
MissendMissentMissentTo send to the wrong place or person
MissetMissetMissetTo set or place wrongly or incorrectly
MisspeakMisspokeMisspokenTo say or pronounce something wrongly
To say something that is incorrect or inaccurate
MisspellMisspelt/MisspelledMisspelt/MisspelledTo write a word without using the correct letters
MisspendMisspentMisspentTo waste time or money
MisswearMissworeMisswornTo swear or make an oath falsely
MistakeMistookMistakenNot to understandTo confuse somebody with someone else
MisteachMistaughtMistaughtTo teach wrongly or incorrectly
MistellMistoldMistoldTo tell something wrongly
MisthinkMisthoughtMisthoughtTo have mistaken thoughts or ideas
MisunderstandMisunderstoodMisunderstoodNot to understand
MiswearMissworeMiswornTo wear badly
MiswedMiswed/MisweddedMiswed/MisweddedTo marry wrongly
MiswriteMiswroteMiswrittenTo write something incorrectly
MoonlightMoonlitMoonlitTo have a second job or to work illegally without paying tax
MowMowedMownTo cut grass or cereals
N
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
NaysayNaysaidNaysaidTo oppose or criticise
Nose-diveNose-dived/Nose-doveNose-dived/Nose-doveTo dive or plunge nose first (aircraft)
O
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
OffsetOffsetOffsetTo compenaste or counterbalance
OutbidOutbidOutbidTo offer more money than someone in an auction or sale
OutbreedOutbredOutbredTo breed faster than others
OutdoOutdidOutdoneTo do better than someone
OutdrawOutdrewOutdrawnTo pull outTo pull a gun faster than an opponent
OutdrinkOutdrankOutdrunkTo drink more than someone else, usually alcohol
OutdriveOutdroveOutdrivenTo drive faster or better
OutfightOutfoughtOutfoughtTo fight better than someone
OutflyOutflewOutflownTo fly faster or further
OutgrowOutgrewOutgrownTo grow faster than something or someoneTo become too big or mature for something
OutlayOutlaidOutlaidTo spend money for a particular purpose
OutleapOutleapt/OutleapedOutleapt/OutleapedTo jump or leap further or higher
OutputOutput/OutputtedOutput/OutputtedTo put out or produce
OutrideOutrodeOutriddenTo ride faster than someone
OutrunOutranOutrunTo run or go faster than someone
OutseeOutsawOutseenTo see furtherTo have greater foresight
OutsellOutsoldOutsoldTo sell more than something or someone
OutshineOutshoneOutshoneTo be better than someone
OutshootOutshotOutshotTo shoot faster or better
OutsingOutsangOutsungTo sing better or louder than someone
OutsitOutsatOutsatTo sit for longer than someone
OutsleepOutsleptOutsleptTo sleep for longer than someone
OutsmellOutsmelt/OutsmelledOutsmelt/OutsmelledTo have a better sense of smell
OutspeakOutspokeOutspokenTo speak better or more than someone
OutspeedOutspedOutspedTo go faster than someone or something
OutspendOutspentOutspentTo spend more than someone
OutspinOutspunOutspunTo finish or die
OutspringOutsprangOutsprungTo spring or jump out
OutstandOutstoodOutstoodTo be clearly different or better
OutswearOutsworeOutswornTo exceed someone in swearing- oaths or bad language
OutswimOutswamOutswumTo swim faster or further than someone
OuttellOuttoldOuttoldTo be better or exceed in telling or calculating
OutthinkOutthoughtOutthoughtTo think better ideas than someone
OutthrowOutthrewOutthrownTo throw further or more accurately
OutwearOutworeOutwornTo last longer (of materials, clothes, etc)
OutwindOutwoundOutwoundTo unloose
OutworkOutworked/OutwroughtOutworked/OutwroughtTo work harder or better
OutwriteOutwroteOutwrittenTo be better at writing
OverbearOverboreOverborneTo use force or authority to control
OverbidOverbidOverbidTo bid more something is worthTo bid more than you can win in a card game
OverblowOverblewOverblownTo become subduedTo blow awayTo force too much
OverbreedOverbredOverbredTo breed too much so that features become excessive
OverbuildOverbuiltOverbuiltTo build too much, overdevelop
OverbuyOverboughtOverboughtTo buy too much
To pay too much
OvercastOvercastOvercastTo become cloudyTo sew with overcast stitiches (long slanting stitches)
OvercomeOvercameOvercomeTo master a problem or difficult situationTo become helpless because of excessive emotions or physical difficulties
OvercutOvercutOvercutTo cut down more trees than permitted
OverdoOverdidOverdoneTo do something to excessTo cook something too much
OverdrawOverdrewOverdrawnTo take money out of an account so that a negative balance results
OverdrinkOverdrankOverdrunkTo drink too much
OverdriveOverdroveOverdrivenTo drive or work something too hard
OvereatOverateOvereatenTo eat too much
OverfeedOverfedOverfedTo give too much food
OverflyOverflewOverflownTo fly over a place
OvergrowOvergrewOvergrownTo grow too big or beyond a limit or boundary
OverhangOverhungOverhungTo be above something
OverhearOverheardOverheardTo hear something accidently that was not said to you
OverlayOverlaidOverlaidTo cover something with a layer
OverleapOverleapt/OverleapedOverleapt/OverleapedTo jump over
OverlearnOverlearnt/OverlearnedOverlearnt/OverlearnedTo continue learning afer having reached a basic proficiency
OverlieOverlayOverlainTo lie on top of
To kill by lying on top of
OverpassOverpast/OverpassedOverpast/OverpassedTo cross, pass over
OverpayOverpaidOverpaidTo pay too much
OverrideOverrodeOverriddenTo ride through an enemy's country
OverrunOverranOverrunTo floodTo invade and take control
OverseeOversawOverseenTo observe people's work to make sure that it is done properly
OversellOversoldOversoldTo sell too muchTo publicise too much
OversetOversetOversetTo overpower
OversewOversewedOversewn/OversewedTo sew two edges together with stitches overlapping both
OvershootOvershotOvershotTo go past a limit
OversleepOversleptOversleptTo sleep too late
OversowOversowedOversown/OversowedTo sow on land that has already be sown
OverspeakOverspokeOverspokenTo speak too long or use too many words
OverspendOverspentOverspentTo spend more than allowed or budgeted
OverspillOverspilt/OverspilledOverspilt/OverspilledTo spill overTo have a population that exceeds the space available
OverspinOverspunOverspunTo make something last too long
OverspreadOverspreadOverspreadTo cover something
OverspringOversprangOversprungTo jump over
OverstandOverstoodOverstoodLose a sale of deal by sticking to a price or conditions unacceptable to the other party
OverstrewOverstrewedOverstrewed/OverstrewnTo sprinkle or strew something onto another thing
OverstrideOverstrodeOverstriddenTo walk across or overTo walk faster than someoneTo dominate
OverstrikeOverstruckOverstruckTo stamp a new value or inscription on a old coin
OverstringOverstrungOverstrungTo tie a string too tightlyTo string piano bass strings across treble strings
OvertakeOvertookOvertakenTo pass a vehicle that is going more slowly
OverthinkOverthoughtOverthoughtTo think or plan too much
OverthrowOverthrewOverthrownTo remove someone forcibly from government or power
OverwearOverworeOverwornTo wear something too much or often, or wear it out
OverwindOverwoundOverwoundTo wind a clock or something too much so it strains the spring
OverwithholdOverwithheldOverwithheldTo deduct too much tax from a payment or salary
OverwriteOverwroteOverwrittenTo record data on top of existing data, erasing the original
P
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
PartakePartookPartakenTo take part in something or a part of something, usually food
PayPaidPaidTo give somebody money in exchange for things or services
PenPent/PennedPent/PennedTo shut up or enclose in a cage, etc
Pinch-hitPinch-hitPinch-hitTo bat instead of a player in baseball, especially when a hit is needed
PleadPled/PleadedPled/PleadedTo tell a court that you are guilty or innocentTo ask for special treatment by authorities, etc.
PotshotPotshot/PotshottedPotshotTo shoot at randomTo criticise at random
Practice-teachPractice-taughtPractice-taughtTo teach as part of training
PrebindPreboundPreboundTo bind before
PrebuildPrebuiltPrebuiltPrefabricate
PrecutPrecutPrecutTo cut something before selling or assembling it
PredoPredidPredoneTo do something before a certain time of stage
PremakePremadePremadeTo make something before a time or stage
PrepayPrepaidPrepaidTo pay for something using it
PresellPresoldPresoldTo sell before a certain time
PresetPresetPresetTo arrange something before it is needed
PreshrinkPreshrankPreshrunkTo shrink a fabric before selling it so that it will not become smaller when washed
PresplitPresplitPresplitTo split or divide before a certain time
Price-cutPrice-cutPrice-cutTo cut or reduce prices
ProofreadProofreadProofreadTo read something checking carefully for mistakes
ProveProvedProven/ProvedTo demonstrate that something is true
PutPutPutTo place something in a specific position
Q
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
Quick-freezeQuick-frozeQuick-frozenTo freeze something rapidly
QuitQuitQuitTo stop doing somethingTo resign from a job
R
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
RapRapped/RaptRapped/RaptTo be very affected by strong emotion
Re-proveRe-provedRe-proven/Re-provedTo prove again
ReadReadReadTo look at written words and understand them
ReaveReft/ReavedReft/ReavedTo deprive
To take by force
ReawakeReawokeReawoken/ReawakenTo wake up again
RebidRebidRebidTo bid again
RebindReboundReboundTo cover a book again
RebroadcastRebroadcastRebroadcastTo transmit something on televison or the radio again
RebuildRebuiltRebuiltTo build something again
RecastRecastRecastTo replace an actor or actress
RecutRecutRecutTo cut again or differently
ReddRedd/ReddedRedd/ReddedTo save or rescue
RedealRedealtRedealtTo deal playing cards again
RedoRedidRedoneTo do something again
RedrawRedrewRedrawnTo draw againTo change boundaries, frontiers, etc
ReeveRove/ReevedRove/ReevedTo gather togetherTo thread something through a hole
RefitRefitRefitTo repair a ship, plane or vehicle
To fit something again
RegrindRegroundRegroundTo grind againTo smooth worn engine parts
RegrowRegrewRegrownTo grow again
RehangRehungRehungTo hang again or in a different position
RehearReheardReheardTo hear something again
ReknitReknit/ReknittedReknit/ReknittedTo knit againTo join back together
RelayRelaidRelaidTo operate a system where things are replaced as they become used or tired
RelearnRelearnt/RelearnedRelearnt/RelearnedTo learn again
RelightRelit/RelightedRelit/RelightedTo light or start something burning again
RemakeRemadeRemadeTo make something again, such as a new version of a film
RendRentRentTo tear or rip
RepayRepaidRepaidTo pay somebody money owed
RereadRereadRereadTo read again
RerunReranRerunTo show a film again
ResellResoldResoldTo sell something again
ResendResentResentTo send something again
ResetResetResetTo put something back to the original way it was organised
ResewResewedResewn/ReswedTo sew again
ReshootReshotReshotTo shoot a film scene again
ResitResatResatTo take an exam or test again
ResowResowedResown/ResowedTo sow again
RespellRespelled/RespeltRespelled/RespeltTo spell again
RestringRestrungRestrungTo fit new strings on a musical instrument or a bow
RetakeRetookRetakenTake again, especially exams and tests
ReteachRetaughtRetaughtTo teach again
RetearRetoreRetornTo tear again, usually of injuries
RetellRetoldRetoldTo tell something again
RethinkRethoughtRethoughtTo think again
RetreadRetrodRetroddenTo tread againTo cut new tread in a tyre
RetrofitRetrofit/RetrofittedRetrofit/RetrofittedTo fit new parts into an older machine that weren't available when the machine was made
RewakeRewoke/RewakedRewoken/RewakedTo wake again
RewearReworeRewornTo wear again
ReweaveRewove/ReweavedRewoven/ReweavedTo weave again
RewedRewed/ReweddedRewed/ReweddedTo marry again
RewetRewet/RewettedRewet/RewettedTo wet again
RewinRewonRewonTo win again
RewindRewoundRewoundTo put a cassette or video back to the beginning
RewriteRewroteRewrittenTo write something again, usually with improvements
RidRid/RiddedRid/RiddedTo dispose of
RideRodeRiddenTo travel by horse, bike or motorbike
RingRangRungTo telephoneTo make sounds with a bell
RiseRoseRisenTo move upwards
RiveRivedRiven/RivedTo break apart ot split
Rough-hewRough-hewedRough-hewnTo make a rough version of something
RoughcastRoughcastRoughcastTo prepare a rough form of something
RunRanRunTo move quickly, so that both legs leave the ground
S
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
Sand-castSand-castSand-castTo make a cast by pouring metal into a mold made of sand.
SawSawedSawn/SawedTo cut wood, etc, with a tool
SaySaidSaidTo speak words
SeeSawSeenTo notice with your eyes
SeekSoughtSoughtTo try to find something
Self-feedSelf-fedSelf-fedTo feed itself without assistance
Self-sowSelf-sowedSelf-sown/Self-sowedTo sow itself without assistance
SellSoldSoldTo receive money in exchange for goods
SendSentSentTo cause something to be taken to a specific destination, especially letters, message, etc.
SetSetSetTo place something somewhereTo fix something in a particular position
SewSewedSewn/SewedTo join pieces of material together using thread
ShakeShookShakenTo vibrateTo make something vibrate
ShaveShavedShaven/ShavedTo remove body hair
ShearShore/ShearedShorn/ShearedTo cut with scissors, especially wool from sheep
ShedShedShedTo fall off or let something fall off; snakes shed their skin
ShendShentShentTo shame or disgrace
ShewShewedShewn/ShewedShow
ShineShoneShoneTo give off or reflect bright light
ShitShat/ShitShat/ShitTo get rid of solid body waste
ShoeShodShodTo provide with shoes, especially horses
ShootShotShotTo fire a bullet from a gunTo kill or hurt somebody with a gun
ShortcutShortcutShortcutTo use a shorter or quicker way of going somehere or doing something
ShowShowedShownTo allow somebody to see something so that they can become aware of it
ShrinkShrankShrunkTo become smallerTo make something smaller
ShriveShroveShrivenTo confess or listen to a confession, a religious term
ShutShutShutTo close something
SidewindSidewoundSidewoundTo move like the sidewinder snake
Sight-readSight-readSight-readTo read music
SightseeSightsawSightseenTo visit famous monuments, etc
SingSangSungTo make music with your voice
SinkSankSunkTo move downwards in waterTo make something move downwards in water
SitSatSatTo support your body with your buttocks not your feet, with the back in a vertical position as on a chair
SkywriteSkywroteSkywrittenTo write in the sky with smoke
SlaySlewSlainTo kill
SleepSleptSleptTo be in a relaxed state with your eyes closed
SlideSlidSlid/SliddenTo move on a smooth surface, such as ice
SlingSlungSlungTo throw something somewhere
SlinkSlunkSlunkTo move in a suspicious and guilty way
SlitSlitSlitTo make a long thin cut in something
SmellSmelt/SmelledSmelt/SmelledTo detect odours with your noseTo emit odours
SmiteSmoteSmittenTo hit
SnapshootSnapshotSnapshotTake a quick photograph
SneakSneaked/SnuckSneaked/SnuckTo move around guiltily or to avoid being noticed
SoothsaySoothsaidSoothsaidTo predict the future
SowSowedSownTo plant seeds in the ground to produce plants or cereals
SpeakSpokeSpokenTo say words with your mouthTo be able to use a language
SpeedSped/SpeededSped/SpeededTo move quicklyTo drive faster than legally permitted
SpellSpelt/SpelledSpelt/SpelledTo use the correct combination of letters for a word
SpellbindSpellboundSpellboundTo put into a trance or captivate
SpendSpentSpentTo Use money to buy thingsTo use time or energy doimg something
SpillSpilt/SpilledSpilt/SpilledTo allow liquids out of their containers accidentally
SpinSpan/SpunSpunTo turn repeatedly in circles around a fixed pointTo make something turn repeatedly in circles
SpitSpat/SpitSpat/SpitTo eject saliva, liquid or food from the mouth
SplitSplitSplitTo divideTo break open
SpoilSpoilt/SpoiledSpoilt/SpoiledTo let something go badTo go bad
SpoonfeedSpoonfedSpoonfedTo give someone information in small and very easy bits
SpreadSpreadSpreadTo cover the surface of one thing with something else, like butter on bread
SpringSprangSprungTo jumpTo become active
Stall-feedStall-fedStall-fedTo feed or fatten an animal in a stall
StandStoodStoodTo be in a vertical position with the weight on the feetTo get into this position
StaveStove/Staved/StovedStove/Staved/StovedTo break a hole in something
StealStoleStolenTo take property or money that is not yours
StickStuckStuckTo attach things with glueTo insert a sharp object into something
StingStungStungTo feel pain caused by an insect or plant or in a particular part of the body
StinkStankStunkTo smell very badly
StraphangStraphungStraphungTo hold a strap for support
StrewStrewedStrewn/StrewedTo distribute things randomly over a surface
StrideStrode/StridedStriddenTo walk confidently
StrikeStruckStruck/StrickenTo stop working as a protest about working conditionsTo hit
StringStrungStrungTo attach something using a cord
StripStript/StrippedStript/StrippedTo undressTo remove the covering of something
StriveStroveStrivenTo try very hard to do something
SubletSubletSubletTo rent something you have rented
SunburnSunburned/SunburntSunburned/SunburntTo get red skin from being in the sun for too long
SwearSworeSwornTo use words which are regarded as offensiveTo promise
SweatSweat/SweatedSweat/SweatedTo perspire
SweepSwept/SweepedSwept/SweepedTo clean floors using a brush
SwellSwelledSwollenTo increase in size usually by filling with liquids or gases
SwimSwamSwumTo travel in water by moving your arms and legs
SwingSwungSwungTo move from side to side from a fixed point
SwinkSwank/SwonkSwonkenTo work, toil or labour
Switch-hitSwitch-hitSwitch-hitTo bat right-handed against a left-handed bowler, or vice versa, in baseball
T
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
TakeTookTakenTo perform an actionTo acquire
TeachTaughtTaughtTo instruct or train somebody
Team-teachTeam-taughtTeam-taughtTo teach with more than one teacher for the class or group
TearToreTornTo make a hole or divide material, paper, etc.
TelecastTelecast/TelecastedTelecast/TelecastedTo broadcast on TV
TellToldToldTo give somebody information
Test-driveTest-droveTest-drivenTo drive a car to test it before buying
Test-flyTest-flewTest-flownTo test a plane
ThinkThoughtThoughtTo have an opinionTo use the brain
ThriveThrove/ThrivedThriven/ThrivedTo do very well because the circumstances or situation is right
ThrowThrewThrownTo cause an object to leave your hand in such a way that it travels through the air
ThrustThrustThrustTo push with force
ThunderstrikeThunderstruckThunderstruck/ThunderstrickenTo strike with lightningTo shock
TineTint/TinedTint/TinedTo shut
TossTossed/TostTossed/TostThrow around
TreadTrodTroddenTo put your foot down
TroubleshootTroubleshotTroubleshotTo solve a problem
TypecastTypecastTypecastTo give an actor the same sort of role repeatedly
TypesetTypesetTypesetTo compose type for printing
TypewriteTypewroteTypewrittenTo write with a typewriter
U
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
UnbearUnboreUnborn/UnborneTo remove a horse's rein and straps
UnbendUnbentUnbentTo retore something to its original shape that has been distorted
UnbindUnboundUnboundTo set something freeTo untie, remove ropes, chains, etc..
UnbuildUnbuiltUnbuiltTo demolish
UnclotheUnclad/UnclothedUnclad/UnclothedTo remove clothes
UnderbidUnderbidUnderbid/UnderbiddenTo offer less money in an auction or sale
UnderbuyUnderboughtUnderboughtTo buy for less than the real value
UndercutUndercutUndercutTo sell at a cheaper price than a competitor
UnderdelveUnderdelvedUnderdolven/UnderdelvedTo dive, dig, explore under something
UnderdoUnderdidUnderdoneTo do less than necessaryNot to cook enough
UnderfeedUnderfedUnderfedTo give too little food to someone or an animal
UndergirdUndergirt/UndergirdedUndergirt/UndergirdedTo make something secure underneathTo give moral support
UndergoUnderwentUndergoneTo suffer or go through an unpleasant experience, such as surgery
UnderlayUnderlaidUnderlaidTo put underneath something
UnderletUnderletUnderletTo rent for less than the real value
UnderlieUnderlayUnderlainTo be the real reason, meaning or idea behind something, usually hidden or not clear
UnderpayUnderpaidUnderpaidTo pay someone too little or pay less than the price
UnderrunUnderranUnderrunTo pass or flow underneath something
UndersellUndersoldUndersoldTo sell at a lower price than a competitor
UndershootUndershotUndershotTo shoot too shortNot to reach a traget
UnderspendUnderspentUnderspentTo sepnd less money than allocated in the department or company's budget
UnderstandUnderstoodUnderstoodTo know or come to know the meaning of something
UndertakeUndertookUndertakenTo accept responsibility for doing something
UnderthrustUnderthrustUnderthrustTo insert faulted rock under a passive rock mass
UnderwriteUnderwroteUnderwrittenTo accept part or all of a financial risk, especially insurance
UndoUndidUndoneTo ruin somebody's reputationTo 'open' clothes or shoes before taking them off
UndrawUndrewUndrawnTo open a curtainTo withdraw
UndrawUndrewUndrawnTo open, draw back (curtains, etc)
UnfreezeUnfrozeUnfrozenTo make assets availably for useTo thaw something
UnhangUnhungUnhungTo remove something that is hanging
UnhideUnhidUnhiddenTo expose something that was hidden
UnholdUnheldUnheldTo stop holding or not to hold
UnknitUnknit/UnknittedUnknit/UnknittedTo untie
UnladeUnladedUnladen/UnladedTo remove cargo, unload
UnlayUnlaidUnlaidTo untwist a rope
UnlearnUnlearnt/UnlearnedUnlearnt/UnlearnedTo try to forget or change a habit or something that had been learned
UnmakeUnmadeUnmadeTo remove a decision
UnreeveUnrove/UnreevedUnrove/UnreevedTo remove a rope from a hook
UnsayUnsaidUnsaidNot to say somethingTo take back something that you said
UnsellUnsoldUnsoldTo convince someone that something is worthless or false
UnsewUnsewedUnsewn/UnsewedTo undo someone sewed, remove the stitches
UnslingUnslungUnslungTo remove something held in a sling
UnspeakUnspokeUnspokenTo take back what has been said or not to say something
UnspinUnspunUnspunTo untwist or unravel
UnstickUnstuckUnstuckTo seperate things that have been stuck togetherTo take off
UnstringUnstrungUnstrungTo open something secured with string
UnswearUnsworeUnswornTo take back an oath
UnteachUntaughtUntaughtTo make someone forget something they have learned
UnthinkUnthoughtUnthoughtTo remove something from your mind
UntreadUntrodUntroddenTo tread back, retrace your steps
UnweaveUnwoveUnwovenTo undo things that have been woven together
UnwindUnwoundUnwoundTo relax
UnwriteUnwroteUnwrittenTo delete writing or not to write
UpbuildUpbuiltUpbuiltTo build up, develop on a large scale
UpholdUpheldUpheldTo support or confirm a decision
UppercutUppercutUppercutTo punch upwards towards someone's chin
UpriseUproseUprisenTo get up, stand up, move upTo return from the dead
UpsetUpsetUpsetTo make somebody unhappy or disturbed
UpspringUpsprangUpsprungTo jump or spring up
UpsweepUpsweptUpsweptTo sweep or brush upwards
UptearUptoreUptornTo tear into pieces
V
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
VexVext/VexedVext/VexedTo trouble or annoy
W
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
WakeWokeWokenTo stop sleeping and become consciousTo make somebody stop sleeping
WaylayWaylaidWaylaidTo wait for or to stop somebody to rob them
WearWoreWornTo have clothes on your body
WeaveWoveWovenTo make material
WedWed/WeddedWed/WeddedTo marry
WeepWeptWeptTo cry heavily
WendWended/WentWended/WentTo go, make your way
WetWet/WettedWet/WettedTo make something wet by applying a liquid to it
WhipsawWhipsawedWhipsawn/WhipsawedTo cut with whipsaw (a saw for two people)To victimise
WinWonWonTo be the best in a competition, game, election, etc.
WindWoundWoundTo turn something round to make a mechanical process operate
WinterfeedWinterfedWinterfedTo feed cattle in the winter when they can't graze
WiredrawWiredrewWiredrawnTo make wireTo make something last a long time, especially speech
WitWistWistTo know
WithdrawWithdrewWithdrawnTo remove money from a bankTo remove something from a place
WithholdWithheldWithheldNot to let somebody have something
WithstandWithstoodWithstoodTo resist successfully
WontWontWont/WontedTo be accustomed
WorkWorked/WroughtWorked/WroughtTo make physical or mental effort to produce or achieve something
WrapWrapped/WraptWrapped/WraptTo cover
To transport emotionally
WreakWreakedWreaked/WrokenTo cause or make something happen
WringWrungWrungTo put a lot of pressure on something to remove liquids
WriteWroteWrittenTo put words onto paper using a pen or pencil
Z
Base FormPast SimplePast ParticipleDefinition
ZincZinced/ZinckedZinced/ZinckedTo coat or cover something with a layer of zinc