“Tobacco’s older than the gummint itself!”

Jamestown, Va. (1607)

Jamestown, Va. (1607)

England’s Slow Start

Why?

Why?

Why?THE SPANISH ARMADA(1588: RIP)

problem of finance

joint-stock company

LondonCo.orVirginiaCo.

Plans for Virginia

“The chief Design of all Parties concern’d was to fetch away the Treasure from thence, aiming more at sudden Gain than to form any regular Colony.”

– Robert Beverly, 1705

trading posts

trading posts

Indians, Settlers, Women?

mining

mining

citrus fruits

citrus fruits

citrus fruits

“The Stinking Weed”

80%

80%

“The Starving Time”

“thatt notheinge was Spared to mainteyne Lyfe and to doe those

things which seame incredible, as to digge upp deade corpes outt of graves

and to eate them. And some have Licked upp the Bloode which hathefallen from their weake fellowes.”

“that nothing was Spared to maintain Life and to do those

things which seem incredible, as todig up dead corpses out of gravesand to eat them. And some have Licked up the Blood which hadfallen from their weak fellows.”

“that nothing was Spared to maintain Life and to do those

things which seem incredible, as todig up dead corpses out of gravesand to eat them. And some have Licked up the Blood which hadfallen from their weak fellows.”

“that nothing was Spared to maintain Life and to do those

things which seem incredible, as todig up dead corpses out of gravesand to eat them. And some have Licked up the Blood which hadfallen from their weak fellows.”

Sir Thomas Dale (1610s)

martial law

Sir Edwin Sandys(1618-19)

“headright” system

indentured servants

families

"one hundredth and fiftie [pounds] of the best leafe Tobacco".

colonial assembly (1619)

House of Burgesses (1619)

Indian Relations

Massacre of 1622

dissolved

royal colony

Slavery

1619

1670

1619

1619

treatment?

Interpretation #1

indentured servants

Interpretation #2

Interpretation #2

1624/25 Muster

Name Muster Status Location Corporation Age Ship Date of Arrival

Muster Date

Notes

Name Muster Status Location Corporation Age Ship Date of Arrival

Muster Date

Notes

servant

servant

servant

servant

Were the Africans on the muster slaves or indentured servants?

“By the time of Portuguese colonization of South America, the term “negro” [negros da terra] had become almost synonymous with “slave” in the Portuguese language” (13)

-- Nishida, Slavery and Identity

1670 law?

October 1670 - ACT XII. What tyme Indians to serve.

“WHEREAS some dispute have arisen whither Indians taken in warr by any other nation, and by that nation that taketh them sold to the English, are sevants for life or terme of yeares,

October 1670 - ACT XII. What time Indians to serve.

“WHEREAS some disputes have arisen whether Indians taken in war by any other nation, and by that nation that

took them sold to the English, are servants for life or term of years,

It is resolved and enacted that all servants not being christians imported into this colony by shipping shall be slaves for their lives; but what shall come by land shall serve, if boyes or girles, untill thirty yeares of age, if

men or women twelve yeares and no longer.”

It is resolved and enacted that all servants not being Christians imported into this colony by shipping shall be slaves for their lives; but [who] shall come by land shall serve, if boys or

girls, until thirty years of age, if men or women twelve years and no

longer.”

Conclusions