Virsuses:Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome

& Acquired Immunodeficiency

Syndrome

Outlinewe may need to save some topic in lecture

• Origins of HIV based on scientific evidence

• HIV viral particle

• Mechanism of infection

• Transmission

• Treatment

• AIDS

• Prevention

Greater spot nose monkey Red capped mangabey monkey

SIV cpz almost identical to HIV 1

Humans

Pan troglodytes troglodytes

Simian Virus (SIV cpz) almost identical to HIV 1

Sooty mangabey monkey

Simian Virus corresponds to HIV2

HIV: Structure and mechanism of replication

HIV

HIV-1 PARTICLE

The key HIV genes

Mechanism of Infection

VIRAL RNA

PROVIRAL DNA

Infects Th cell

Integrates into host DNA

“activated”LYTIC STAGE storage

LYSOGENIC STAGE

RETROVIRAL REPLICATION

HIV animations

http://search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid=1601834254601#docid=1601834254601

http://search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid=1601834254601#docid=1669495456158

http://www.hivinfosource.org/hivis/hivbasics/animations/index.html

T lymphocyte in green and HIV in red

HIV and helper T cells

HIV-1

HOST CELLS: helper T lymphocyte, macrophages

LYTIC STAGE

Transmission of HIV

Transmission of HIV

• Biological fluids

– Blood– Sexual transmission (Semen)– Breast milk– Transplant tissues

Non-transmitting sources of HIV

• Tears

• Saliva

• Mosquito or insects

• Swimming pool

• Food handling

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

Cocktail Therapy

Examples of anti-retroviral drugs

• Cocktail Drug Mixtures

– Protease inhibitors

– Non-nucleoside RT Inhibitors (NNRTIs)

– Nuleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs)

– * Fusion Inhibitors *Fuzeon

– Integrase Inhibitors

Fusion Inhibitors block

• Co-receptors on host cell

• Gp120/gp 41 on viral particle

or

Co-Receptors

CCR5 or CXCR4 (fusin)

Binds naturally occurring chemokines

Prevention

• Condoms

• Clean needles

• Treatment of pregnant mother with anti-viral drugs

• Blood screening

• Abstinence

Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease

Symptoms of AIDS

• Decrease T cell count

• Rapid weight loss

• Recurring fever and dry cough

• Profound fatigue

• Swollen lymph glands

Symptoms of AIDS

• Persistent diarrhea

• Unusual blemishes on the tongue, mouth, or throat

• pneumonia

• memory loss, depression

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Opportunistic Diseases and cancer

• pneumonia

• Kaposi’s Sarcoma Kaposi’s Sarcoma