Post on 24-May-2015
transcript
Prof vkmBIOTHE BIOWORLD
biologyvm@facebook.com
GENE: ITS NATURE,
EXPRESSION AND
REGULATION
biologyvm@facebook.com 2
GENE-1
Nucleic Acid:
Composition Of
Nucleotide
biologyvm@facebook.com 3
Nucleic acids: history
biologyvm@facebook.com 4
biologyvm@facebook.com 5
NUCLEIC ACIDS: HISTORY Johannes Fridrich Miescher, a
Swiss biologist who discovered a protamine in the sperms of salmon in 1870.
He also isolated nucleic acids from the nuclei of pus cells (dead white blood cells) in 1869 at the university of tubingen in Germany
Later also isolated from the sperms of salmon fish, He Called As ‘Nuclein’
It Was Called Nucleic Acids By Altman
biologyvm@facebook.com 6
Nucleic Acids
RNA DNA
Ribose Nucleic Acid
DeoxyRibose Nucleic Acid
biologyvm@facebook.com 7
NUCLEIC ACID
Nucleic Acid Molecule Is A Polymer Of Nucleotides
biologyvm@facebook.com 9
biologyvm@facebook.com 10
COMPONENT OF NUCLEOTIDENUCLEOTIDE
PHOSPHORIC ACID
NUCLEOSIDE
biologyvm@facebook.com 11
COMPONENT OF NUCLEOTIDE
NUCLEOTIDEPHOSPHORIC ACID
NUCLEOSIDE
PENTOSE SUGAR
NITROGENBASE
biologyvm@facebook.com 12
PHOSPHORIC ACID
biologyvm@facebook.com 13
PENTOSE SUGARPENTOSE SUGARRIBOSE
(C5H10O5)
DEOXY-RIBOSE (C5H10O4)
14
biologyvm@facebook.com
PENTOSE SUGAR: DNA AND RNA
15
biologyvm@facebook.com
PENTOSE SUGAR: DNA AND RNA
biologyvm@facebook.com 16
NITROGEN BASES
biologyvm@facebook.com 17
biologyvm@facebook.com 18
COMPONENT OF NUCLEOTIDE
biologyvm@facebook.com 19
COMPONENT OF NUCLEOTIDE
biologyvm@facebook.com 20
COMPONENT OF NUCLEOTIDE
biologyvm@facebook.com 21
biologyvm@gmail.com
Can you think of difference between the
Nucleotides and nucleosides Ribose and deoxyribose sugar Purine and pyrimidine bases.
biologyvm@facebook.com 23
TYPES OF NUCLEOSIDE
biologyvm@facebook.com 24
TYPES OF NUCLEOTIDE
DNA
biologyvm@facebook.com 26
DNAEUKARYOTIC DNA
NUCLEAR DNA
ORGANELLAR DNA
PROKARYOTIC DNAMAIN / CHROMOSOMAL DNA
EXTRACHROMOSOMAL DNA/ PLASMIDS
biologyvm@facebook.com 27
EUKARYOTIC DNA
NUCLEAR
MITOCHONDRIA
CHLOROPLAST
biologyvm@facebook.com 29
NUCLEAR DNA EXTRA NUCELAR DNA
Found in the nucleus
Found in the cell organelles like
mitochondria and chloroplast
Linear and double stranded
Circular and double stranded
Associated with the inheritance/here
dity
Associated with replication of mitochondria and
chloroplasts
biologyvm@facebook.com 30
EUKARYOTIC NUCLEAR DNA
biologyvm@facebook.com 31
EUKARYOTIC: ORGANELLAR
DNA
biologyvm@facebook.com 32
EUKARYOTIC NUCLEAR DNA
biologyvm@facebook.com 33
EUKARYOTIC NUCLEAR DNA For Eukaryotic Cells, Number Of DNA Molecules Corresponds To Number Of Chromosomes Per Cell
DNA Content Is Constant In All Somatic Cells (2n) Of A Given Species
The Gametes (n) Have Half The Amount Of DNA As They Contain Half The Number Of Chromosomes
biologyvm@facebook.com 34
NEET ALERTThe length of DNA is usually defined as number of nucleotides (or a pair of nucleotides referred to as base pairs) present in it.
A haploid content of human DNA is 3.3х109 bp
Escherichia coli has 4.6 х106 bp
biologyvm@facebook.com 35
PROKARYOTIC DNA
biologyvm@facebook.com 36
PROKARYOTIC DNA
biologyvm@facebook.com 37
PROKARYOTIC DNA
Main/Chromosomal DNA
Found in the cytoplasm attached to the cell membrane
Circular and double stranded
Responsible for inheritance/heredity
Extra-chromosomal DNA
Circular and double stranded but not attached to the cell membrane
Responsible for the additional properties like toxicity resistance, antibiotic resistance etc
Chromosomal DNA
Plasmid DNA
biologyvm@facebook.com 38
ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANCE
biologyvm@facebook.com 39
Prof vkmBIOTHE BIOWORLD
biologyvm@facebook.com09820469492