Post on 17-Mar-2020
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Ms. Luco
IB History
SSUSH3 Analyze the causes of the American Revolution.
a) Explain how the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution.
SWBAT discuss the end of salutary neglect at the end of the French and Indian War IOT explain why colonists began to want their independence from Great Britain.
Did Great Britain lose more than it gained from its victory in the French and Indian War?
Albany Plan of Union- Plan presented during the French and Indian War by Ben Franklin; proposed the unification of the colonies in order to win the war; eventually served as a model for having a national government that formed after the revolution.
French and Indian War – A war between France and England over land in North America (Ohio River Valley). Increases tensions between colonists and Great Britain over Proclamation of 1763 and taxes to pay war debt.
Treaty of Paris 1763 - Treaty ending the French and Indian War. France was forced to surrender all land east of the Mississippi River to England, resulting in England becoming the dominant imperial power in North America.
1685- Catholic monarch James II took throne Control over colonies tightened 1688- Dominion of New England
Combined New England, New York, New Jersey Governor appointed by king- Sir Edmund Andros
1689- Glorious Revolution James II overthrown, Protestants King William
and Queen Mary took throne Boston Revolt of 1689 Dominion of New England dissolved Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth combined
Colonies had a Long tradition of elected legislatures (beginning
with House of Burgesses, Virginia)
Long tradition of majority rule (est. by Mayflower Compact)
1721- Robert Walpole established policy of Salutary Neglect (1720s-1760s): Idea that colonies would be more economically
productive if they were not restricted in their ability to trade by policies like Navigation Acts
Established tradition of independence
Ongoing British-American expansion vs. French claims 1. Nova Scotia (Acadia)
2. Border between New France and New York
3. Ohio River Valley –most important!
British challenged French claim to territory
European expansion vs. American Indians Indians wanted to preserve Appalachian Mtns. as border
Opposed British settlements more than French trading outposts
Am. Indians allied with the French
Albany Plan of Union
Plan presented in 1754 by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Conference
Proposed the unification of the colonies in order to win the war
Rejected by colonial assemblies – feared loss of autonomy
Eventually served as a model for a national government
1754 21-year-old George Washington defeated at Fort Necessity
Ohio Company funded expedition to claim Ohio Valley
300 Virginians & Indian allies led by Washington
French attacked makeshift British fort – won
1755 General Edward Braddock (British general) led colonial militias to take French Fort Duquesne in Ohio Valley
Defeated!
Consequences:
Military actions between the British and French continued to escalate until they declared war on each other in 1756, marking the start of the Seven Years’ War
French and Indian War A war between France and England over territory in North America (Ohio River Valley)
Became North American front of the Seven Years’ War Seven Year’s War (1756-1763) War between Britain and France (and allies) in
Europe
Turning Points:
Conquest of Canada 1758 British alliance with the Iroquois Confederacy-
promised to set clear boundaries between British and Indian land
Invasion/plunder of Quebec
Conquest of Caribbean territories Guadeloupe and Martinique
1763 Treaty of Paris
Ended French and Indian War
France lost all its possessions in North America (except New Orleans)
Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763-1766) – uprising against the British led by a confederation of Ohio Valley tribes led by Chief PontiacCauses: offended by British treatment after the war
Ohio Valley was being settled by colonists against earlier promises (Kentucky)
Ended in treaty
Followed by: Proclamation of 1763- set aside region west of Appalachian Mtns. As “Indian Country”; prohibited further western settlement
1. Anger of frontier settlers over Proclamation of 1763
2. Colonists began to see themselves as distinct from the British
3. Britain in debt!- Led to increased taxation of colonies
4. End of Salutary Neglect
Goal: To understand multiple British and American Indian perspectives on the French and Indian War.
1. With your partner, choose two perspectives (primary sources) on the French and Indian War. Read the background information carefully so that you understand the context of each source.
2. On the paper provided, recreate the comparisons graphic organizer. Compare and make connections across 3-4 quotes from each source.
3. In the center column, write other connections between the documents that you and your partner think of.
1. Read textbook pages 165-175 (sections titled “The Seven Years’ War in America” and “The Imperial Crisis”, stopping at “Sugar and Stamp Acts”)
2. Recreate this chart and complete the boxes with details from the textbook:
3. Answer: What do you think is the most important effect of the war? Why?
Causation: French and Indian War
Cause Effect