• polar coordinate system

• pole

• polar axis

• polar coordinates

• polar equation

• polar graph

Graph Polar Coordinates

A. Graph S(1, 200°).

Because = 200o, sketch the terminal side of a 200o angle with the polar axis as its initial side. Because r = 1, plot a point 1 unit from the pole along the terminal side of this angle.

Answer:

Graph Polar Coordinates

B. Graph .

Because , sketch the terminal side of a

angle with the polar axis as its initial side. Because r is

negative, extend the terminal side of the angle in the

opposite direction and plot a point 2 units from the

pole along this extended ray.

Answer:

Graph Polar Coordinates

Graph Polar Coordinates

Because = –90o, sketch the terminal side of a –90o angle with the polar axis as its initial side. Because r = 4, plot a point 4 units from the pole along the terminal side of this angle.

C. Graph M(4, –90°).

Answer:

Graph H(3, 120o).

A.

B.

C.

D.

Graph Points on a Polar Grid

A. Graph on a polar grid.

Because , sketch the terminal side of a

angle with the polar axis as its initial side. Because r =

3, plot a point 3 units from the pole along the terminal

side of the angle.

Graph Points on a Polar Grid

Answer:

Graph Points on a Polar Grid

B. Graph Q(–2, –240°) on a polar grid.

Because = –240o, sketch the terminal side of a –240o angle with the polar axis as its initial side. Because r is negative, extend the terminal side of the angle in the opposite direction and plot a point 2 units from the pole along this extended ray.

Graph Points on a Polar Grid

Answer:

Graph on a polar grid.

A.

B.

C.

D.

Multiple Representations of Polar Coordinates

Find four different pairs of polar coordinates that name point S if –360° < θ < 360°.

Multiple Representations of Polar Coordinates

One pair of polar coordinates that name point S is (2, 210°). The other three representations are as follows.

(2, 210°) = (2, 210o – 360°) Subtract 360° from .

= (2, –150o)

(2, 210°) = (–2, 210° – 180°) Replace r with –r and subtract.

= (–2, 30°) 180° from .

Multiple Representations of Polar Coordinates

Answer: (2, –150°), (2, 210°), (–2, 30°), (–2, –330°)

(2, 210°) = (2, –150°)

= (–2, –150° – 180°) Replace r with –r and subtract

= (–2, –330°) 180° from .

Find four different pairs of polar coordinates that name point W if –360o < < 360o.

A. (7, 30°), (7, 150°), (7, 210°), (7, 330°)

B. (7, –60°), (7, 330°), (–7, 120°), (–7, 300°)

C. (7, –30°), (7, 330°), (–7, 150°), (–7, –210°)

D. (7, –150°), (7, 330°), (–7, 30°), (–7, 210°)

Graph Polar Equations

A. Graph the polar equation r = 2.5.

The solutions of r = 2.5 are ordered pairs of the form (2.5, ), where is any real number.

The graph consists of all points that are 2.5 units from the pole, so the graph is a circle centered at the origin with radius 2.5.

Answer:

Graph Polar Equations

B. Graph the polar equation .

The solutions of are ordered pairs of the form

, where r is any real number. The graph

consists of all points on the line that makes an angle of

with the positive polar axis.

Answer:

Graph Polar Equations

Graph

A.

B.

C.

D.

Find the Distance Between Polar Coordinates

A. AIR TRAFFIC An air traffic controller is tracking two airplanes that are flying at the same altitude. The coordinates of the planes are A(8, 60°) and B(4, 300°), where the directed distance is measured in miles. Sketch a graph of this situation.

Airplane A is located 8 miles from the pole on the terminal side of the angle 60°, and airplane B is located 4 miles from the pole on the terminal side of the angle 300°, as shown.

Answer:

Find the Distance Between Polar Coordinates

Find the Distance Between Polar Coordinates

B. AIR TRAFFIC An air traffic controller is tracking two airplanes that are flying at the same altitude. The coordinates of the planes are A(8, 60°) and B(4, 300°), where the directed distance is measured in miles. How far apart are the two airplanes?

Use the Polar Distance Formula.

Polar Distance Formula

Answer: about 10.6 miles

Find the Distance Between Polar Coordinates

(r2, 2) = (4, 300°) and(r1, 1) = (8, 60°)

The planes are about 10.6 miles apart.

BOATS Two sailboats can be described by the coordinates (9, 60o) and (5, 320o), where the directed distance is measured in miles. How far apart are the boats?

A. about 5.4 miles

B. about 10.7 miles

C. about 11.0 miles

D. about 12.9 miles