transcript
- 1. kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 2
- 2. Vowels Pure Vowels - 12 [monophthongs] Front Vowels - 4 Back
Vowels - 5 Central Vowels - 3 Diphthongs - 8 Towards /i/ - 3
Towards /u/ - 2 Towards // - 3kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 3
- 3. Front Vowels i: - eat, beat, bee i - it, bit, city e - any,
bed - axe, batkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 4
- 4. Front Vowels Symbol Active Passive Lips Tongue Initial
Middle Final Description i: Front of tongue Hard Palate Spread
Tense eat beat bee Front Close Unrounded Centralised Front i Rear
front tongue Hard Palate Loosely Spread Tense it bit city Unrounded
vowel above half-close Front unrounded e Front of tongue Hard
Palate Spread More Tensed any bed X between half-close and
half-open Front unrounded Front of tongue Hard Palate Neutrly open
less tensed axe bat X vowel just below
half-openkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 5
- 5. Front Vowelskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 6
- 6. Central Vowels - up, cup : - earn, learn, err -
about,kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 7
- 7. Central VowelsSymbol Active Passive Lips Jaws Initial Middle
Final Description Centre Betwn Nurly Central unrounded of tng
H&S Palate opn wide up cup X just above open : Centre Betwn
H&S Sprd wide earn learn err Central unrounded vowel bet
half-close of tng Palate and half-open Centre Betwn H&S Sprd
wide about forget tailor Central Unrounded vowel just below of tng
Palate half openkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 8
- 8. Central Vowelskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 9
- 9. Back Vowels u: - ooze, boot, two u - put, to : - ought,
bought, law - ox, box : - art, part, carkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
10
- 10. Back VowelsSymbol Active Passive Lips Jaws Tongue Initial
Middle Final Description u: Back of tongue Soft Palate Closly round
- tense ooze boot two Black close rounded Back rounded v u Frnt of
Back of tongue Soft Palate round - lax X put to* just above half-
close Back of tongue Soft Palate Slight round Wide open - ox box X
Back rounded v just above the open position : Back of tongue Soft
Palate round Wide open - ough t bought law Back rounded v bet.
half-open and half close Tongue : bet. Cenr n Soft Palate Nutrly
Open Wide - art part car Back open unrounded
backkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 11
- 11. Back Vowelskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 12
- 12. kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 13
- 13. kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 14
- 14. Diphthongskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 15
- 15. Diphthongs The tongue starts in the position required for
the articulation of a particular vowel and moves in the direction
of the position required for the articulation of a different vowel.
The glide should take place within one
syllable.kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 16
- 16. Diphthongs Diphthongs gliding towards /i/ -3 Diphthongs
gliding towards /u/ -2 Diphthongs gliding towards //
-3kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 17
- 17. Diphthongs gliding towards /i/kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
18
- 18. Diphthongs gliding towards /i/ /ei/ A glide from a front
unrounded vowel just below half-close to a centralised front
unrounded vowel just above half- close Initial - aim Middle - pain
Final - playkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 19
- 19. Diphthongs gliding towards /i/ /ai/ A glide from a front
open unrounded vowel to a centralised front unrounded vowel just
above half-close. Initial - ice Middle - bite Final -
buykaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 20
- 20. Diphthongs gliding towards /i/ /i/ A glide from a back
rounded vowel between open and half-open to a centralised front
unrounded vowel just above the half close position. Initial - oil
Middle - boil Final - boykaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 21
- 21. Diphthongs gliding towards /u/kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
22
- 22. Diphthongs gliding towards /u/ /au/ A glide beginning at a
back open unrounded position and moves in the direction of
centralised back rounded vowel just above the half-close position.
Initial - out Middle - bout Final - cowkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
23
- 23. Diphthongs gliding towards /u/ /u/ A glide from a central
unrounded vowel between half-close and half-open to a centralised
back rounded vowel just above the half-close position. Initial -
over Middle - boat Final - gokaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 24
- 24. Diphthongs gliding towards //kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 25
- 25. Diphthongs gliding towards // /i/ A glide from a
centralised front unrounded vowel just above half-close to a
central unrounded vowel between half close and half-open position.
Initial - ear-ring* Middle - fierce Final -
fearkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 26
- 26. Diphthongs gliding towards // /u/ A glide from a
centralised back rounded vowel just above half-close to a central
unrounded vowel between half-close and half-open position. Initial
- --- Middle - during Final - curekaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 27
- 27. Diphthongs gliding towards // // A glide from a front
half-open unrounded vowel to a central unrounded vowel between
half-close and half-open position. Initial - aeroplane Middle -
careful Final - carekaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 28
- 28. From Daniel Jones Pronunciation
Dictionarykaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 29
- 29. Phonemic Analysis Phoneme: /t/ (aspirated) (unaspirated)
flap glottal stop Allophone 5: bit (unreleased)
- 30. Consonant Clusterskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 31
- 31. Beginning with voiced bilabial nasal- /m/ 001- mp (final)
bump, camp, hemp, limp, lump, ramp 002- mps (final) amps, camps,
lamps, lumps, mumps, trumps 003- mf (final) lymph, nymph 004- mft
(final) triumphed 005- mfs (final) nymphs 006- mt (final) camped,
dreamt revamped, lumped 007- mt (medial) empty, temptation 008- mtr
(medial) temptress 009- mts (final) tempts 010- md (final) aimed,
assumed, formed, roamed, shamed 011- mst (final) glimpsed 012- mz
(final) comes, terms, timeskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 32
- 32. beginning with voiceless bilabial plosive- / p / 013- p
(final depth 014- ps (final depths 015- pr (medial upthrust 016- pt
(final) abrupt, Egypt, except, harped, kept, opt 017- pt (medial
abruptly, absorption, acceptable 018- pts (final) accepts, adopts
019- ps (final) cups, equips, jumps, perhaps, steps 020- ps
(medial) Epsom, Ipswich, lopsided, upside down 021- pst (final)
lapsedkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 33
- 33. beginning with voiced bilabial plosive- / b / 022- bd
(final) absorbed, bribed, curbed, lobbed, robed, robbed 023- bz
(final) cabs, fibs, jabs, knobs, verbs, yobskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
34
- 34. beginning with voiceless labiodental fricative- / f / 024-
f (final) fifth, twelfth 025- fs (final) fifths, twelfths 026- fl
(medial) fifthly 027- ft (final) craft, drift, gift, left, lift,
loft, soft 028- ft (medial) after, daftest, often rafter, softly,
swiftly, thrifty 029- fts (final) crofts, drifts, gifts, lifts,
lofts 030- fs (final) beliefs, cliffs, chefs, chiefs, hankerchiefs,
laughskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 35
- 35. beginning with voiced labiodental fricative- / v / 031- vd
(final) arrived, believed, involved, lived, proved, saved 032- vz
(final) additives, captives, loaves, loves, serves,
waveskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 36
- 36. beginning with voiceless dental fricative- / / 033- s
(final) baths, cloths, maths, oaths, paths,
truthskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 37
- 37. beginning with voiced dental fricative- / / 034- d (final)
bathed, betrothed, clothed, seethed, swathed 035- z (final) bathes,
breathes, clothes, loathes, seethes, sootheskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
38
- 38. beginning with voiced alveolar nasal- / n / 036- n (final)
month, tenth 037- n (medial) anthem 038- nt (final) ant, arent,
aunt, bent, cant, font, want 039- nts (final) ants, fonts, grunts,
hints, hunts, pants 040- ntst (final) chintzed 041- nd (final)
behind, concerned, find, found, friend, owned 042- nd (medial)
friendship, landlord -----* Note rules for deletion of / d / 043-
ndz (final) bends, ends, friends, sounds 044- ns (final) hence,
pence, since, tense 045- ns (medial) pensive, tenses 046- nz
(final) hens, lens, pens, runs, tens 047- n (final) lunch, pinch
048- nt (final) lunched, pinched 049- n (final) change, hinge 050-
nd (final) changed, hingedkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 39
- 39. beginning with voiceless alveolar plosive- / t / 051- t
(final) breadth, eighth, hundredth, thousandth, width 052- ts
(final) breadths, eighths, hundredths, thousandths, widths 053- ts
(final) cats, eats, fights, its, meets, parts, puts, waits 054- tst
(final) amidst, midstkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 40
- 40. beginning with voiced alveolar plosive- / d / 055- dz
(final) almonds, beds, birds, hands, kinds, weeds,
wordskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 41
- 41. beginning with voiceless alveolar fricative- / s / 056- sp
(final) clasp, crisp, gasp, lisp, wasp 057- st (final) chased,
first, pursed 058- sts (final) thirsts 059- sk (final) ask, desk,
dusk, riskkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 42
- 42. beginning with voiced alveolar fricative- / z / 060- zd
(final) amazed, crazed, gazed, lazed, phased,
phrasedkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 43
- 43. beginning with voiced alveolar lateral approximant- / l /
061- lmd (final) filmed 062- lmz (final) elms, films 063- lp
(final) help 064- lpt (final) helped 065- lps (final) helps 066-
lbd (final) bulbed 067- lbz (final) bulbs 068- lf (final) self 069-
lfs (final) twelfths, Alfs 070- lft (final) elfed 071- lvd (final)
delved 072- l (final) health 073- ls (final)
tilthskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 44
- 44. beginning with voiced alveolar lateral approximant- / l /
074- lnd (final) kilned 075- lnz (final) kilns 076- lt (final)
difficult 077- ltst (final) waltzed 078- ld (final) cold, held 079-
ldz (final) holds, worlds 080- ls (final) else 081- lz (final)
fills, girls 082- lt (final) filched 083- ld (final) bilged 084- lt
(final) welshed 085- lk (final) milk, silk 086- lks (final) milks
087- lkt (final) milked 088- lkts (final)
mulctskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 45
- 45. beginning with voiced alveolar approximant / r / rm (final)
silent before a consonant in England & Wales- "alarm" / l /,
"arm" / /, "warm" / :m :m w:m / rm (final) generally pronounced
(& sometimes rolled) in Scotland & Ireland "alarm" / l :rm
/, "arm" / :rm /, "warm" / w:rm / The / r / within these consonant
clusters is generally pronounced in Canada most parts of the USA.
The / r / is pronounced by all English speakers when it precedes a
vowel sound, as in "angry" / / or "zebra" / r zebr /. / r / can
precede several other consonants sounds, though in these contexts
it is rarely pronounced in England and Wales.kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
46
- 46. beginning with voiceless post- alveolar affricate- / / 089-
t (final) hitched, matched, watchedkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 47
- 47. beginning with voiceless post- alveolar affricate- / / 090-
d (final) caged, edged, forged, judged, wagedkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
48
- 48. beginning with voiceless post- alveolar fricative- / / 091-
t (final) cashed, fished, mashed, washedkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
49
- 49. beginning with voiceless post- alveolar fricative- / / 092-
d (final) leisured, measured, pleasured,
treasuredkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 50
- 50. beginning with voiced palatal semi- vocalic- / j / / t / +
/ j / is often replaced by / / in words such as "nature" / ne /,
"future" / fju: /, "feature" / fi: /, and "creature" / kri: /. This
type of assimilation is known as coalescence. / d / + / j / is
often replaced by / / in words such as "gradual" / grl / and
individual / .kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 51
- 51. beginning with voiced velar nasal // 093- (final) length
094- t (final) instinct 095- ts (final) instincts 096- d (final)
longed 097- st (medial) minxed 098- z (final) things 099- k (final)
think 100- g (final) thingkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 52
- 52. beginning with voiceless velar plosive- / k / 101- k
(final) sixth 102- ks (final) sixths 103- kt (final) fact, worked
104- kts (final) conflicts, contexts, expects texts 105- ks (final)
six, works 106- kst (final) context, next, oversexed, pretext,
textkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 53
- 53. beginning with voiced velar plosive-- -- / g /
107---------gd (final) -------bagged, hugged, logged, tagged,
wagged 108---------gz (final) -------eggs, figs, mugs,
rugskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 54
- 54. Minimal Pairkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 55
- 55. ship sheep fit feet --- ----------------------- bit beat
sit seat knit neat rich reach pit Pete gin Jean chip
cheapkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com six seeks 56
- 56. bit bet did dead -- ----------------------- fill fell will
well rid red pit Pete sit set bill bellkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
57
- 57. bet bat --- pen ----------------------- pan men man head
had said sad guess gas letter latterkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com better
batter 58
- 58. bet but net nut -- ----------------------- hem hum said sud
sex sucks better butter wren run Ben bun trek
truckkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 59
- 59. bet Bert bed bird --- ----------------------- head heard
ten turn Hell hurl Ben burn edge urgekaviarasu.kk@gmail.com nest 60
nursed
- 60. sell sale ---- -----------------------bait bet pen pain
tell tale well whale red raid fell failkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com get
61 gate
- 61. cat cut ----- hat ----------------------- hut cap cup lack
luck sack suck batter butter ran runkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com bank 62
bunk
- 62. cat cart back bark ----- ----------------------- sack Sark
Dan darn mad marred mack mark had hardkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com cad 63
card
- 63. cot caught cod chord ---- ----------------------- pot port
not nought shot short fox forks spot sport knotty naughty odder
orderkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 64
- 64. bud bird bun burn -- ----------------------- fussed first
shut shirt cub kerb ton turn thud thirdkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com such
65 search
- 65. pull pool - pulled ----------------------- pooled wood
wooed would wooed should shoed could cooed full fool soot suit hood
whodkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com look 66 Luke
- 66. cart cot card cod ----- ----------------------- part pot
dart dot stark stock sharp shop carp cop harp
hopkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 67
- 67. cart caught ----- card ----------------------- chord part
port art ought bard board jar jaw car corekaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
martyr 68 mortar
- 68. four fur --- court ----------------------- curt all url
pore purr form firm chord curd sport spurtkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
whore her 69
- 69. court coat ----- ----------------------- bowl ball four foe
Paul pole form foam chord code bought boat shawl
shoalkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com torn 70 tone
- 70. day die bay buy --- ----------------------- tape type fate
fight pain pine hate height bait bite lace
licekaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 71
- 71. here hair beer bare --- ----------------------- deer dare
fear fair ear air pier pair mere marekaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 72
- 72. peer poor mere more ---- ----------------------- tear
(water from eye) tour spear spoor dear dour sheer sure year your
beer boorkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 73
- 73. pair poor mare more tear (rip----------------------- ----
apart) tour spare spoor dare dour share sure bear
boorkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 74
- 74. coat cot - code ----------------------- cod rote rot dote
dot bloke block shown shone cope cop hope hopkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
note not 75
- 75. load loud phoned found ----- ----------------------- road
rowed (argued)row (with oars in a boat) row (argue) rote rout oat
out devote devout moaned moundkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 76
- 76. bow bower -- cow ----------------------cower ow hour ow our
sow (pig) sourkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 77
- 77. pin bin pea bee -- ----------------------- pa bar pat bat
pill bill pig big peach beach pump bumpkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com path
bath 78
- 78. ten den tip dip ---- ----------------------- town down team
deem tier dear try dry trip dripkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com true drew
79
- 79. coal goal coat goat -- ----------------------- course gorse
cap gap come gum core gore kill gillkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com curl
girl 80
- 80. fan ----- ----------------------- van fine vine fear veer
fault vault feign vane fairy vary few viewkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
fat 81 vat
- 81. thigh thy mouth (noun) mouth (verb) teeth (noun) ---
----------------------- teethe (verb) wreath (noun) wreathe ( verb)
ether either cloths (noun) clothes (vowel sound change &
noun)kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 82
- 82. thigh ----- ----------------------- tie thread tread thin
tin thorn torn theme team thug tug both boatkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
death debt 83
- 83. thigh die thread dread ----- ----------------------- din
thin thorn dawn theme deem thug dug Perth
purredkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 84
- 84. thin sin thick sick --- ----------------------- thought
sort theme seem thong song thigh sighkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com thorn
sawn 85
- 85. then den thy die --- ----------------------- thee Dee there
dare theyll dale breathe breedkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com breather
breeder 86
- 86. --- ----------------------- then Zen clothe close bathe
bays lathe laze writhe rise breathe breezekaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
87
- 87. sip zip Sue zoo ----- ----------------------- Zed said seal
zeal ice eyes rice rise lice lieskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 88
- 88. thin thing run rung -- ran rang ----------------------- din
ding Dan dang Don dong pin pingkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 89
- 89. thing think sing sink ---- ----------------------- sung
sunk singer sinker singing sinking ring rinkkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
rang 90 rank
- 90. load road lay ray ----------------------- lice rice lend
rend lid rid light writekaviarasu.kk@gmail.com lights rights
91
- 91. wet vet west vest wine ----------------------- vine worse
verse went vent whale veil wane veinkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 92
- 92. ------------------------SILENT "h" (avoid producing it)
happy hour wholly honest hateful honourable unhappy dishonourable
horrible exhibit holy ghostkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 93
- 93. ------------------------ No intial "h" (avoid adding the
sound) had add hair air heart art heat eat hedge edge heal eel hate
eightkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 94
- 94. sheet cheat shop ----------------------- chop shin chin
shes cheese shoe chew sheep cheap sherry cherry sheep
cheapkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com share chair 95
- 95. sheep jeep shot ----------------------- jot shore jaw shin
gin she gee shoe Jew shack Jack sherry Jerrykaviarasu.kk@gmail.com
shell gel 96
- 96. chest test chop top ----------------------- chin tin cheese
teas chew two chose toes cherry Terrykaviarasu.kk@gmail.com churn
97 turn
- 97. cheap jeep chore jaw ----------------------- choke joke
chin gin chain Jane cheer jeer cheers jeers cheering
jeeringkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 98
- 98. jet yet juice use ----------------------- job yob jot yacht
jeer year jaw your jaws yours Jack yakkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com joke
yolk 99
- 99. Transcriptionkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 100
- 100. Transcribe What is your name? | s j wt neim | This is my
pen | is iz mai pen | Did you do your | did ju d jr examination
well? i n zminei wel | Dickens is my favourite | dikinz iz mai
feivrit author | The King and the queen | ki nd kwin went for a
tour. went tu | frkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 101
- 101. Practice setkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 102
- 102. Practice set Match the phonemic transcription with the
English words Match the phonemes with the vowel sound in the first
syllable of the words Select the consonant sound / / or / /
contained within these words Check the words which contain the
sound shownkaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 103
- 103. Practice set Select the consonant sound // , // or //
contained in the words Match the vowel sound in the first syllable
of the word with the correct phoneme Select the initial consonant
sound: / g / , / j / or the voiced postalveolar affricate / / RP
English Vowelskaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 104
- 104. Stress Stress makes a syllable sound more prominent. (due
to increased articulatory effort) Stress may be denoted by an
accent over the vowel in the stressed
syllable.kaviarasu.kk@gmail.com 105
- 105. StressExamples of stress contrasts: contrast (N) (V)
insult (N) (V)