WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE WORLD?!

GUN POWDER EMPIRES EXPAND 1300-1700

1300-1700 3 of the great empires of history emerged Why haven’t we heard of them?? As these powerful societies expanded, what do you

think happened? Should they impose Islam on who they conquer?

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

REGION

Turks in Anatolia saw themselves as warriors for Islam (ghazis)

Think back - After the Roman empire fell, what empire arose here? Byzantine Empire

What do you think happened? The Turks took over the Ottoman Empire What country do you think this is today?

TURKEY

RULERS

1. Osman – “Othman” Founder Followers were called “Ottomans”

2. Mehmed II Became “sultan” – one with power Used cannons and GUNPOWDER to conquer

Constantinople 3. Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent

Ottoman Empire reached its peak Supported government reform

RELIGION

What religion did they follow in society and government? Islam!

Ottomans granted freedom of worship to other religions (Christians, Jews) Allowed them to follow their own laws and

pratices

LAW

What did Suleyman give? “The Lawgiver”

Created a law code to handle both criminal and civil actions

He also organized and simplified government, armies, and taxes.

Found in the U.S. Congress

ARTS

Suleyman contributed to many cultural achievements Interested in poetry, history, mathematics,

geography, etc. Had the Mosque of Suleyman built Art and literature flourished under his rule

THE SAFAVID EMPIRE

GEOGRAPHY/BACKGROUND

Gunpowder Empire that ruled Persia between 16th-18th centuries

Nestled in between the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) & Mughal Empire (India)

How do you think its central location promote its development?

Fueled by conquest & cultural diffusion

Present Day Iran

RULERS

1. Isma’il 12 yr old who seized most of Iran

Shah- Persian title king Battle of Chaldiron Shi’ism-official religion

2. Shah Abbas or Abbas the Great Created Golden Age that drew from Persian,

Ottoman, & Arab cultures Created new capital Esfahan—considered most

beautiful in the world

RELIGION

Shi’a Islam—official under Isma’il

Not tolerant of other religions

Shah Abbas Tolerant Needed to encourage other

cultures to trade

LAW

Shah AbbasReformed government & militaryPunished severely Hired foreigners to fill positions in government

ARTS

City of Esfahan Showcase for foreign & Safavid artisans Chinese & Persian collaboration

Carpet Persian themes Italian Renaissance

THE MUGHAL EMPIRE

GEOGRAPHY/BACKGROUND

Located in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh

700s: small kingdoms created by Muslim tribes Descendants of Muslim Turks

and Afghans Leader was related to Timur

the Lame and Genghis Khan Called themselves the

Mughals, which means Mongols

FAMOUS RULERS

Babur – 1494 Inherited kingdom in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan at age

11 Built an army, invaded India, and founded the

Mughal Empire Akbar (Greatest One) – 1556

Babur’s grandson Unified north India - cannons Golden Age Religious tolerance cultural blending Abolished religious taxes Efficient bureaucracy and fair taxes Land reforms

OTHER FAMOUS RULERS

Shah Jahan Built Taj Mahal as tomb for wife Massive taxes led to suffering Civil war after death

Aurangzeb Enforced strict Islamic law and ended tolerance Conflict among religious groups Famine and taxes Turned over Bombay to English in 1661

RELIGION

Traditionally HinduMughal rulers were Islam Akbar practiced religious tolerance

Married Hindu princesses and allowed them to practice their religion in the palace

Allowed people of different religions to work in government positions

Urdu a new language developed because

of the mixture of Arabic, Persian, and Hindi

Mixed religions today

LAW

Akbar’s policiesBureaucracy of officialsOfficials from different ethnic/religious

backgroundsTax policy = graduated income tax

Fair policy Percentage of peasants’ crops

Land policy Bureaucrats received land grants that he took back

after they died Problem: officials were not devoted to caring for the

land

ART

Illustrations – highly detailed, colorful miniatures in books (Safavid influence)

Literature – flourished in the form of poetry and epics (revived early works)

Architecture – Akbar period combined massive structures w/ intricate Hindu-themed stonework Cultural blending seen in

architecture (i.e. Taj Mahal)