WahhabismPresenters: Khayala Jafarova Elchin Hasanov Toghrul Novruzlu

Outline

• Wahhabism in Azerbaijan

The Background of Wahhabism• Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab

(1703-1792)

Studies in Medina, Basra Dissemination of his views

• Emergence of Saudi-Wahhabi Pact

First Saudi State (1744-1818) Second Saudi State (1818-1891)

Third Saudi State (1932)

The Background of Wahhabism

Salafism or Wahhabism?

Theological FoundationsTawhid

The idea of takfir, shirk

Sources of law: “Koran” and “Sunna”

Ibn-Taymiyyah’s influence

# Non-acceptance of “ijma”, “qiyas”, “bida”

# Ijtihad

Obligations No other object for worship than Allah (the common practice of worshiping Muslim

saints was rejected), that is, intercession is prohibited

No vows to be made to any human being

Mandatory attendance at public prayers

No visit to graves

No shrines to be built over the graves

No tombstones

No celebration of the birthday of Prophet Muhammad

Obligations No other name than the name of Allah may enter a prayer;

No smoking of tobacco;

No shaving of the beard;

No abusive language;

Rosaries are forbidden; Names of God are to be counted on the knuckles of one hand

No music

Antropomorhic concepts of God are believed: Quranic text’s of God’s hand, his hearing and seeing, along with his ascent to the throne, are literrally interpreted

Links to terrorism

Jihad-e-AkbarJihad-e-Akbar

Jihad-e-AsgharJihad-e-Asghar

JihadJihad

Jihad-e-Ashgar

The concept of Jihad in Wahhabism:

1)Jihad against those who disconfirm tawhid

“Whoever affirms that there is no god but God and denies all other objects of worship, safeguards his blood, property, and fate with God”

2) Jihad against those do not act in accordance with the commands of the Wahhabi-Saudi enterprise

3)“Jihad can be declared only by the sovereign ruler”

Contemporary JihadSayyid Qutb – Chief ideologist of Global Jihad

A member of Muslim Brotherhood influenced by Ibn Taymiyyah

His concept of Jihad:

•The societies should be politically and socially guided by no other ideology but Islam

•In such states, different rulers lead the people who should be led by God only. Hence, such regimes should be overthrown

Rise of Terrorism

• Al-Saud defending Ikhwan and giving a shelter to radical Muslim Brothers

• The start of the Afghan War and Saudi support

Strategy of Global Jihad:

•Overthrowing all the “infidel” governments and creating a chaos after which the Jihadists will be invited to establish their rule

•Destroying the US

•Offensive Jihad is justifiable

The Vanguard of the Global Jihad

Osama Bin-Laden – Attended élite secular Al-Thager Model School, then, studied Economics and Business Administration at King Abdul-Aziz University

Studied at Dar-al-ulum teachers’ college, Colorado State College of Education, worked in Wilson Teachers' College in Washington, D.C, Stanford University

Ayman al-Zawahiri- A Graduate of Cairo University, with an MA degree in surgery

Anwar al-Awlaki-  B.S. in Civil Engineering from Colorado State University, an incomplete degree from Education Leadership at San Diego State University; a doctorate degree on Human Resource Development at George Washington University

Abdullah Azzam- Did BA in Sharia in University ofDamascus, did MA in sharia in Al-Azhar University, earned PHD in Al-Azhar University

Conspiracy theories

Confessions of a British Spy – Published in 1888. The assumed author is Ayyub Sabri Pasha.

Wahhabism in AzerbaijanSalafi militants entering Azerbaijan from North Caucasus

Socio-economic problems creating a conducive environment

Salafists’ rights violated

Referenceshttp://books.google.az/books?id=4ezhbAk_OeIC&pg=PT163&lpg=PT163&dq=Wahhabi+rosaries+forbidden&source=bl&ots=7LuogpTuUQ&sig=RGIyvfqKbMMUWS3C7EdJR1LOORY&hl=az&sa=X&ei=S1OaUumWOsfPtQa0sICQCA&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Wahhabi%20rosaries%20forbidden&f=false

http://books.google.az/books?id=bqwrA5KlYxwC&pg=PA235&dq=rosaries+forbidden+Wahhabism&hl=en&sa=X&ei=p22fUqqZM4Wt4ASZ_oCYDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=rosaries%20forbidden%20Wahhabism&f=false

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GeN_hCqddhs

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Ter-Abrahamyan, Hrant, “Islamism in South Caucasus”, Iran & the Caucasus, 2007

http://www.ummah.com/forum/showthread.php?279816-Biography-of-sayyid-qutb