Warm-UpAugust 15, 2013 1. Have name card on desk. 2. Have textbook, binder/notebook, calculator, and...

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Warm-Up August 15, 2013

1. Have name card on desk.2. Have textbook, binder/notebook, calculator, and

signed portion of letter on desk.

3. What is chemistry?4. How have you encountered/experienced chemistry

today?5. What are the major parts of the scientific method?6. Write two examples of a qualitative observation,

and two examples for a quantitative observation. 7. The two main types of products from the scientific

method are _____ and ______.

1. Have name card on desk.2. Have textbook, binder/notebook, calculator, and signed

portion of letter on desk.

3. What is chemistry?4. How have you encountered/experienced chemistry

today?5. What are the major parts of the scientific method?6. If a stack of 7 quarters is 1 inch high, how many dollars

are in a stack that is 8 feet tall?7. An average tree makes 2 x 105 toothpicks. Toothpicks

are packaged 50 in a box. Each package costs 0.59. How much will it cost in dollars to buy all the toothpicks from 1 average tree?

8. 2 +3(x+5) -7 = 327. What is x?

Agenda August 16, 2013- Review scientific method and demonstration- Practice identifying different aspects of the scientific method.- Describing Matter: States and Changes- Classifying Matter- Brief History of Chemistry- The Atom

HOMEWORK

- Read pgs 4-9- Section Review pg 9: 2-13

do NOT need to write questions, only answers. - Bring a Ziploc bag with cereal. Take a picture of the nutritional facts.

1. Have name card on desk.2. If you did not have a calculator last week, check in

with me at the front.

3. Boron is a good conductor of electricity at high temperatures. What sort of observation is this?

4. Oppositely charged particles attract each other. Is this a law, theory, a hypothesis, an observation?

5. Which state has a definite volume, but no definite shape? Explain why by discussing about atoms and the attractive forces.

6. What are some evidence of a chemical change?

Agenda August 19, 2013- Review changes of matter and demonstration- Go over homework and workbook assignment - Activity on classifying matter- Classifying Matter- Brief History of Chemistry- The Atom

HOMEWORK

- Read pgs 21-28- Section Review pg 28: 1,3-9, 11,13

do NOT need to write questions, only answers.

1. Have name card on desk.2. If you did not have a calculator last week, check in

with me at the front.

3. Boron is a good conductor of electricity at high temperatures. What sort of observation is this?

4. Oppositely charged particles attract each other. Is this a law, theory, a hypothesis, an observation?

5. Which state has a definite volume, but no definite shape? Explain why by discussing about atoms and the attractive forces.

6. What are some evidence of a chemical change?

Agenda August 20, 2013- Review changes of matter and demonstration- Go over homework and workbook assignment - Activity on classifying matter- Classifying Matter- Brief History of Chemistry- The Atom

HOMEWORK

1. If you did not have a calculator last week, check in with me at the front.

2. Classify the following as either matter, not matter, or not sure: peanut butter, water, fish, light, garbage, time, motion, the human brain, a feeling, carbon dioxide, air, yourself, an idea, tree, energy.

3. Classify as either a physical or a chemical change: squeezing oranges to make orange juice; an iron nail rusting; adding sugar to iced tea; making popcorn; lighting a match.

4. Classify if the following has a homogeneous or a heterogeneous distribution: water with ice; chicken noodle soup; a bowl of lucky charms; a supreme pizza; water with food coloring; a bag of skittles; a bar of chocolate

Agenda August 21, 2013- Prep for Cereal Activity- Review Classification Activity and lecture.- Properties of Matter- Describing Matter using numbers- Significant Figures- Wrap up Chapter 1

HOMEWORK

QUIZ August 21, 2013

1. What is a pure substance that is made of only one kind of atom?

2. What is a pure substance that is made up of more than one kind of element?

3. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances/ingredients that are [CHEMICALLY, PHYSICALLY] combined.

2. Classify the following as either matter, not matter, or not sure: peanut butter, water, fish, light, garbage, time, motion, the human brain, a feeling, carbon dioxide, air, yourself, an idea, tree, energy.

3. Classify as either a physical or a chemical change: squeezing oranges to make orange juice; an iron nail rusting; adding sugar to iced tea; making popcorn; lighting a match.

4. Classify if the following has a homogeneous or a heterogeneous distribution: water with ice; chicken noodle soup; a bowl of lucky charms; a supreme pizza; water with food coloring; a bag of skittles; a bar of chocolate

2. Get a workbook. Open to page 1. Answer questions 2 – 25. Skip #24. Answer on warmup paper.

Agenda August 22, 2013- Prep for Cereal Activity- Review Classification Activity and lecture.- Properties of Matter- Describing Matter using numbers- Significant Figures- Wrap up Chapter 1

HOMEWORK

2. What is a pure substance that is made up of more than one kind of atom?

3. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances/ingredients that are [CHEMICALLY, PHYSICALLY] combined.

3. What is a pure substance that is made up of more than one kind of atom?

4. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances/ingredients that are CHEMICALLY COMBINED or PHYSICALLY MIXED.

5. Differentiate between the two types of physical properties. In other words, how are the two types different from one another?

Agenda August 23, 2013- Review Classification and Properties of Matter

lecture.- Describing Matter using numbers- Significant Figures- Wrap up Chapter 1

HOMEWORK

- Section Review pg 19: 2, 5, 6, 8-13do NOT need to write questions, only answers.

1. Mass measures…

2. Weight measures…

3. Density is the ratio of …

1. Mass measures…

1. How is an element different from a compound?

2. How is a mixture different from a compound?

3. What are the four guidelines for identifying a chemical change?

4. Differentiate between the two types of physical properties. In other words, how are the two types different from one another?

5. How is a homogeneous mixture different from a heterogeneous mixture? Provide an example.

Agenda August 26, 2013- Go over Section Review 1.3- Review Classification and Properties of Matter.- Begin section on Describing Matter using numbers- Significant Figures- Wrap up Chapter 1

HOMEWORK

- Read pgs 10-19

1. How are mass and weight different?

2. What does density measure?

3. How is density calculated?

4. Which weighs more: a pound of brass blocks or a pound of marshmallows? Which is more dense?

5. What is the difference between a qualitative observation and a quantitative observation?

Agenda August 27, 2013- Converting Units- Significant Figures- Wrap up Chapter 1

HOMEWORK

1. Workbook page 5, #13 and 142. Workbook page 6, # 16-30

3. Complete on same warmup paper from Monday

Agenda August 28, 2013- Converting Units- Significant Figures- Wrap up Chapter 1

HOMEWORK

1. Mass measures…

1. Workbook page 5, #13 and 142. Workbook page 6, # 16-30

Complete on same warmup paper from Tuesday

Agenda August 29, 2013- More practice on converting units- Significant Figures- Wrap up Chapter 1

HOMEWORK

- Worksheet: 37b – 48, SKIP 40 abc, 42abcdSHOW WORK, no work = no creditHAVE CORRECT # of SIG FIGs.

Warm-Up September 3, 2013

1. Solids have a definite shape and volume because the strength of the attractive forces between the atoms are strong. To which part of the scientific method does this statement belong?

2. When solving problems of converting units, you always need the ______ ______. How do you know which part of the _____ _____ will be the numerator and which will be the denominator?

3. A football field is 100 yards in length. How long is a football field in meters if 1 m = 1.094 yds?

4. How much American dollars would you need to buy a $537 Australian dollar iPhone in Australia if the exchange rate is 1 US dollar = 1.13 Australian dollars?

Agenda September 3, 2013- Go over homework- Significant Figures

HOMEWORK

- Worksheet: 37b – 48, SKIP 40 abc, 42abcd, 43

1. Solids have a definite shape and volume because the strength of the attractive forces between the atoms are strong. To which part of the scientific method does this statement belong?

2. When solving problems of converting units, you always need the ______ ______. How do you know which part of the _____ _____ will be the numerator and which will be the denominator?

3. A football field is 100 yards in length. How long is a football field in meters if 1 m = 1.094 yds?

4. How much American dollars would you need to buy a $537 Australian dollar iPhone in Australia if the exchange rate is 1 US dollar = 1.13 Australian dollars?

Agenda September 4, 2013- Go over homework: Holt pg 19 and worksheet- More practice with significant figures

HOMEWORK

- Worksheet: 56-60, 65, 68-69

1. How many significant figures?1.234 1000717000000 0.0000000000170.00001007000 10700.000

2. What are the four signs that signal a chemical change?

3. Distinguish mass and weight.

4. Distinguish law and theory.

5. Distinguish elements, molecules, compounds, pure substances, and mixtures.

Agenda September 6, 2013- Go over worksheet homework- More practice with significant figures

HOMEWORK

- Worksheet: 56-60, 65, 68-69

Why Chemistry?

Understanding chemistry is ESSENTIAL for understanding much of the natural word, and because chemistry is central to many

other disciplines

Why Chemistry?

Understanding chemistry is ESSENTIAL for understanding much of the natural word, and because chemistry is central to many

other disciplines

What is Chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of matter.

What is matter?

What is Chemistry?

What is matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Essentially, matter = stuff.

What is Chemistry?

If matter = stuff

And chemistry is the study of matter,

Then chemistry is the study of…

What is Chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of stuff, or to be proper

Chemistry is the study of matter.

What is Chemistry?

The properties of matter are determined by the properties of atoms and molecules.

What are properties?

In other words, the properties of stuff is really determined by the properties of the atoms/molecules that make up that stuff.

What is Chemistry?

MAIN IDEA: properties of stuff is based on the properties of the atoms/molecules that make up the stuff.

What is Chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of matter, or “stuff.” Chemistry studies matter/stuff by looking at the properties of the atoms/molecules that make up matter/stuff.

Scientific Method

- used in most fields of science- scientists use it- Involves steps to answer a scientific question

- Can be used in life or death situations- Involves a hypothesis and observations.

Components of the Scientific Method

4 main components- Observation- Hypothesis- Experiment- Data

- Law- Theory

Qualitative

- Describes properties- Does not rely on

numbers

- Examples- Clouds are white- Rocks are solids

- Are measurements that involve NUMBERS and UNITS

- Examples- This book weighs 20

pounds.- The temperature is 78

degrees C

Quantitative

- WHAT- Summarizes the

observations- Usually does not

change

- WHY- Provides the

underlying reason(s) for the observations

- Can change as we gather more data

Theory

1. Measured amounts of acid were added to a Rolaids tablet to see whether it really consumes 41 times its actual weight of excess stomach acid.

2. Heat always flows from hot objects to cooler ones, not the other way around.

3. The universe was formed by a massive explosion that propelled matter into a vacuum.

4. Michael Jordan is the greatest pure shooter ever to play professional basketball.

5. Limestone is relatively insoluble in water but dissolves readily in dilute acid with the evolution of a gas.

6. Gas mixtures that contain more than 4% hydrogen in are potentially explosive.

Describing Matter

States and Changes

States of Matter

Molecular workbench simulation

Changes of Matter

Matter can go through changes.

These changes can be classified into two categories:1. Physical Change2. Chemical Change

Changes of Matter

Matter can go through changes.

These changes can be classified into two categories:1. Physical Change2. Chemical Change

1. Physical Change:- These are changes in the arrangement, location, and speed of the particles. - Ice melting, water freezing, crushing a rock.

Changes of Matter

Guidelines for Identifying Chemical Change

Evidence of Chemical Change

Classifying Matter

Organizing Matter into Different Categories

Classifying Matter

ALL matter is made up of atoms.

Classifying Matter

When something is made up of only one type of atoms, it is called and ELEMENT

Classifying Matter

When something is made up of only one type of atoms, it is called and ELEMENT.

When two or more atoms are combined, we call that a MOLECULE.

Classifying Matter

When something is made up of only one type of atoms, it is called and ELEMENT

When two or more atoms are combined, we call that a MOLECULE.

When those atoms are different from one another, we call that a COMPOUND.

Note that a compound is a type of molecule.

Classifying Matter

When matter, when a stuff is made up of only one type of ELEMENT or COMPOUND, we call that a PURE SUBSTANCE.

Classifying Matter

When matter, when a stuff is made up of only one type of ELEMENT or COMPOUND, we call that a PURE SUBSTANCE.

Or, to say in another way…when stuff is made of only one ingredient (one type of element or one type of compound), we call that a PURE SUBSTANCE.

Classifying Matter

Or, to say in another way…when stuff is made of only one “ingredient” (one type of element or one type of compound), we call that a PURE SUBSTANCE.

When stuff is made up of more than one PURE SUBSTANCE it is called a MIXTURE.

Classifying Matter

Or, to say in another way…when stuff is made of only one “ingredient” (one type of element or one type of compound), we call that a PURE SUBSTANCE.

Note: Mixtures are physically mixed. They are not chemically combined.

Classifying Matter

Note: Mixtures are physically mixed. They are not chemically combined.

If the mixture is mixed really well, if the pure substances are mixed evenly, we call that a HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE.

Classifying Matter

If the mixture is mixed really well, if the pure substances are mixed evenly, we call that a HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE.

If the mixture is not mixed well, if the pure substances are NOT mixed evenly, we call that a HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE.

Classifying Matter based on composition

Identify each substance as a compound, element, a heterogeneous mixture, or a homogeneous mixture.

A. white wine

B. mercury

C. italian dressing

D. table sugar

Identify each as an element, a compound, a heterogeneous mixture, or a homogeneous mixture.

1. Tea2. Gold3. Freshly squeezed orange juice4. Compact disc5. H2O6. Carbon dioxide7. Aluminum oxide: Al2O3

Properties of Matter

Changes to matter are either physical or chemical.

Physical changes change the PHYSICAL properties of matter.

Chemical changes are based on the CHEMICAL properties of matter.

CHEMICAL PROPERTY: describes a substance’s ability to participate and change in a chemical reaction.

2 Types of Physical Properties:IntensiveExtensive

Intensive: does NOT vary with amount of sample.Examples: smell, color, melting point, boiling

point, ability to conduct a current.

2 Types of Physical Properties:IntensiveExtensive

Intensive: does NOT vary with amount of sample.Examples: smell, color, melting point, boiling

point, ability to conduct a current.

Extensive: DOES vary with amount of sample.Examples: Mass, weight, volume.

Intensive vs. Extensive Physical Property

Intensive

does NOT vary with amount of sample.

Examples: smell, color, melting point, boiling point, ability to conduct a current, etc.

Extensive

DOES vary with amount of sample.

Examples: Mass, weight, volume, etc.

Describing Matter Using Numbers

Measuring Extensive Physical Property

Volume – amount of space than an object takes

Mass – measures amount of matter in an object.

Mass is NOT the same as Weight

Weight = is a measure of force. Weight measures the amount of gravity that is pulling an object.

Derived Units

Volume

Density

Converting Units

Powers of 10

1. Convert 253 mL into liters

2. Convert 1258 cm into meters

3. Convert 15g to kilograms

4. Convert 1254 kilocalories to calories

5. How many seconds pass in 5.25 hours?

Converting Units and Dimensional Analysis

1. A pin is 2.85 cm in length. What is its length in inches if there are 2.54 cm in 1 in?

2. A pencil is 7.00 in. long. What is its length in centimeters? 2.54 cm per 1 in.

3. You want to order a bicycle with a 25.5 in frame, but the sizes in the catalog are given only in centimeters. What size should you order? 1 in = 2.54 cm.

1. A student entered a 10.0 km. How long is the run in miles?

1000 m = 1 km1 m = 1.094 yd1 mi = 1760 yd

1. The speed limit on many highways in the United States is 55 mi/hr. What number would be posted if we used kilometers per hour?

1 mi = 1760 yd1 m = 1.094 yd

1. A Japanese car is advertised as having a gas mileage of 15 km/L. Convert this rating to miles per gallon.

1 m = 1094 yd1 mi = 1760 yd1 L = 1.06 qt4 qt = 1 gal

Significant Figures

Where to Round

Precision vs. Accuracy

Accuracy

Precision

Precision vs. Accuracy

Accuracy – how close a measurement is to the actual value.

Precision – how close the measurements are to other qunatitative data.

Rules for Significant Figures

1. All nonzero #’s ARE significant.

2. Interior zeroes ARE significant.

3. Leading zeroes ARE NOT significant.

4. Trailing zeroes AFTER a decimal point ARE significant.

5. Trailing zeroes BEFORE a decimal point ARE significant

6. Trailing zeroes without a decimal point?

How many significant figures?

1. 218 kg2. 0.025 L3. 200 g4. 1.05 cm5. 200.0 mg

Warm-UpAugust 15, 2013 1. Have name card on desk. 2. Have textbook, binder/notebook, calculator, and...

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