Warm-ups&

DiscussionQuestions

Chapter 13 The Civil War

“… in this country have arisen two races (Northerners and

Southerners) which … have been so entirely separated by climate, by

morals, by religion, and by estimates so totally opposite to all that constitutes honor, truth, and manliness, that they cannot exist

under the same government.”

Quoted by a Georgia attorney in 1860

What event began the Civil War? When?

It began April 12, 1861, when the Confederates fired on Fort

Sumter.

How many states were in the Confederacy?

Eleven

What were the 2 capital cities of the Confederacy?

Montgomery, AL &

Richmond, VA

How many Americans died in the Civil War?

More than 620,000

men died.

What action did President Lincoln take to prepare for war?

He called for 75,000 volunteers to protect Washington & to put down the rebellion.

What is conscription?

It is drafting men into the army when they are not willing to

enlist.

What caused the New York riots?

Many disagreed with the war and with having the draft (1st time).

Name 4 advantages the North had over the South.

1. Higher population of military-age men

2. more factories to provide war materials

3. Majority of railroad transportation

4. Majority of the farms to provide food for troops

5. Possessed 75% of nation’s wealth

6. Established monetary system7. Larger & existing army & navy8. Experienced & organized government

What advantages did the South have over the North?

1. Superior military leadership

2. Fighting to defend their homeland

3. Fighting on familiar ground

4. Superior horsemanship5. Greater experience with weapons6. Fighting for their independence

Define the term “strategy.”

It is a plan to win a

war.

Why did the Union use a blockade against all Confederate ports?

It prevented the South’s exporting of cotton & importing

needed war equipment &

supplies.

How did the blockade runners benefit the Confederacy?

They brought in large amounts of clothing,

medical supplies, ammunition, & other supplies to the South.

Explain the North’s strategy, the “Anaconda Plan.”

They wanted to capture the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy in half,

stranding TX, AR, LA, & to squeeze the Confederacy to death like an anaconda

does its prey.

Why did General Sherman destroy GA as he marched through the state to Savannah?

He wanted to destroy the state’s land and its ability

to make war.

What was King Cotton diplomacy?

The South felt that without Southern

cotton to supply their textile mills, France & Great Britain would be

forced to help the South.

Why did the South’s political strategy fail?

The North pressured France & Great Britain not to aid the South, so

they began using Egyptian cotton instead

of Southern cotton.

How did the Confederacy & the Union name the battles?

The Confederacy used the nearest town or

community.The Union used the

nearest body of water.

How many men did GA lose in the First Battle of Manassas?

GA lost 184 out of 242. That is 76% of the GA

troops.

In which state were most of the battles fought?

Most were fought in Virginia.

How many Confederate casualties were there at the Battle of Antietam?

There were 13, 724 casualties.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

It freed the slaves in the Confederate states only.

In what year did GA experience the largest number of battles &

skirmishes?

There were the most battles & skirmishes in GA in 1864.

Where were GA’s 1st 2 major attacks? When?

They were on Tybee Island & at

Fort Pulaski on April 6-7, 1862.

For whom was Fort Pulaski named?

It was named for the Revolutionary War hero, Count Casimir Pulaski.

Who commanded Confederate troops at Tybee Island?

It was commanded by Colonel Charles

Olmstead.

What new weapons caused Olmstead to surrender?

The surrender was caused by the new rifled

cannons.

Who won the Battle of Chickamauga?

It was won by the

Confederacy.

What did Confederate General Bragg fail to do that could have helped the

Confederacy?

He did not follow the Union’s retreat & the

Union got reinforcements &

recaptured Chattanooga.

In the Battle of Atlanta, what caused General Joe Johnston to retreat southward?

He had a shortage of

men & ammunition.

How did Johnston hinder Sherman’s advance?

He burned bridges &

blocked roads.

Why did Jeff Davis replace General Johnston?

He disagreed with Johnston’s strategy &

wanted a head-on attack.

Who replaced General Johnston & with what result?

He was replaced by General John B.

Hood; he attacked General Sherman

& lost 11,000 men.

When did the actual main battle for Atlanta occur?

The main battle occurred on

July 22, 1864.

What did Sherman do to the city of Atlanta when he left in November?

He set fire to the city.

Where was Sherman headed when he left Atlanta?

He was headed for Savannah.

What did Sherman do on his “March to the Sea?”

He destroyed all military targets & the civilian

economic system (farms, homes, towns, railroads,

bridges, roads) that could support the

Confederate military.

How much damage did Sherman do?

There was $100,000,000 of damage to

the state.

Why did Sherman choose not to burn the city of Savannah?

All of the cotton that had not been

exported before the blockade was still on the docks & it was

worth a lot of money.

What did Sherman do instead of burning Savannah?

He loaded all of the cotton,

shipped it to the North, & sold it for

$28,000,000.

What impact on the Confederacy did the Union capture of Savannah have?

It cut the needed supply lines for the South & divided the Confederacy into the

upper & lower Confederacy.

Where & when did the Civil War officially end?

It ended at Appomattox

Court House, VA, on April 9, 1865.

What caused General Grant to stop prisoner exchanges?

The Confederacy killed Northern black military

prisoners.

Describe the living conditions in Andersonville.

1. Dirty prison conditions2. Little or no shelter3. Shortages of food, water, medical supplies

4. Contaminated water5. Overcrowding

How many prisoners died at Andersonville?

Almost 13,000 Union soldiers

died in Andersonville.

Who was the camp commander & what happened to him at the end of

the war?

The commander was Captain Henry Wirz

and he was executed in 1865 for “excessive cruelty.”

Name 2 Union prison camps where conditions were horrible.

Some Union prison camps were Point

Lookout, MD; Camp Douglas, IL; and Elmira, NY.

How many prisoners died in the Elmira prison?

More than 3,000 Confederate

soldiers died in Elmira.

Describe the living conditions in Elmira.

1. Malnutrition2. Exposure to the cold

3. Poor medical conditions

Section 3 – Life for the Civil War Soldier

Give 2 reasons young men joined the army.

They wanted to escape the boredom of farm life and they

were seeking adventure away

from home.

What is a “ration”?

It is a specific portion of food. By limiting the amount of food for each soldier, the food supply would

last longer.

Besides their ration issued by the army, what was another source of food for

soldiers?

They would eat food that was

found in the woods or food that was

taken from farms.

What were sutler wagons & what did they provide for the soldiers?

Sutler wagons followed along behind the troops and sold food, razors, writing paper & pens, sewing needles, etc.

What was the most valuable item a soldier had?

Water was the most valuable

item.

Describe the uniform color for the Confederates and the Union.

Confederates wore gray.

Union wore dark blue.

Name some of the items soldiers carried with them.

1. Knapsack2. Writing paper3. Pictures4. Books5. Toiletries

(personal hygiene

items) 6. Blanket

7. Tent canvas8. Musket9. Ammunition10. Cap box11. Bayonet12. Sewing kit13. Mess kit ( plate, cup, knife/fork/spoon)

What did soldiers spend a great deal of their time doing?

Most of their time was spent

marching to their next battle

site.

How did soldiers pass their time while in camp?

Most of their time was spent

1. talking about home

2. writing letters3. reading mail4. camp

meetings

5. having pictures taken

6. whittling7. singing8. praying9. playing

games or poker

How many blacks served in black regiments during the Civil War?

There were 186, 107 blacks in the Civil

War. Of that number 178,985 were

enlisted men and 7, 122 were officers.

What types of jobs did blacks hold in the war?

They did a variety of jobs such as 1. building defenses2. manning garrisons3. maintaining the camps4. nursing5. being servants6. cooking7. spying

Where did the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment see its 1st action?

Their 1st action was at James Island near

Hilton Head, SC.

How did President Lincoln reward those soldiers for their heroism?

Other black groups were allowed into

combat rather than just being in

support roles.

What did the Negro Soldier Law, signed by Confederate Pres. Davis, do?

It allowed slaves to enlist in the Confederate

army.

When was this law signed and why do you think it was done?

It was signed on March 13, 1865, because the Confederacy

needed men to fight in the war.

From what countries did many of the immigrants to the US come?

Many came from

1. Germany2. Italy3. Canada4. Brazil

5. Ireland6. China7. Sweden8. Russia9. Cuba

Name a famous Latino & tell what he/she is most remembered for doing.

1. David Farragut – He was a US Navy admiral who ran a successful blockade against the South.

2. Loreta Velazquez – She disguised herself as a man, fought in combat, & served as a Confederate spy.

(continued)

3. Santo Benavides – He commanded the Benavides Regiment & defeated the Union forces in Texas.

4. Rafael Chacon – He led troops against the Confederate troops in NM & weakened them.

(continued)

5. Manuel Chaves – He led in the Battle of Glorieta Pass & forced Confederate troops to retreat into Texas.

They came from Cuba.

From where did Frederico Cavada’s family come?

He flew in a hot air balloon above the battlefields & sketched the scenes so the Union troops could react to Confederate troop movements.

How did the Union army use him?

He was captured by the Confederates and sent to Libby prisoner of war

camp in Virginia.

What happened to Cavada during the war?

He introduced guerrilla warfare tactics, led the Cuban Revolutionary

Army. He was captured by Spanish forces &

executed by firing squad.

How did Cavada help gain independence for Cuba & what happened to him there?

Section 4 – Life During the Civil War

Name 4 items that were difficult for people in the South to get.

1. Seed2. Horse harnesses

3. Ropes4. Water tubs

5. Soap

6. Candles7. Matches8. Coffee9. Sugar10. Clothing11. Shoes

Name 2 other items that made life in the South difficult.

1. High prices2. Fuel shortages3. Not enough medical supplies

4. Inoperable rail lines

How did the South raise money for the war?

They held talent shows, musicals, & road shows.

What jobs did women hold during the war?

They ran the farms, worked in factories,

acted as spies & scouts for the army, were stewardesses,

laundresses, & nurses.

Who was Phoebe Pember?

She was in charge of housekeeping & the

diets for 15,000 patients in

Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, VA.

What unique claim could Sally Tompkins make?

She was the only female officer in the Confederate

army.

For what important act is Clara Barton best remembered?

She started the

American Red Cross.

What type of work did Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony do?

They worked to gain women’s

rights & to abolish (end)

slavery.

What impact did the Civil War have on education in the North?

All teachers in the North were women because the men were away at war.

What things did young people in the North do to help during the war?

1. They knitted & sewed for the soldiers.

2. They did garden & farm work.

3. They sawed wood for fuel at home.

How did children in the South help the war effort?

1. They helped keep the homes & farms.

2. They cared for their siblings.

What is the youngest age reported for a Confederate soldier?

The youngest age reported was age 10.

What caused most of the soldiers’ deaths?

They died of disease, from their

wounds, or from horrible treatment at the prisoner of

war camps.