WarmUp: ReviewOpen your books to Chapter 3,

Section 3 & identify the 6 factors of social change discussed in that section.

In your journals, copy & summarize each of those factors.

Chapter 18.1Social Change & Modernization

ObjectivesSummarize the theories that social scientists have offered to explain the process of social change.

Explain how theories of social change have evolved.

Social Changealterations in various aspects of society over time

CYCLICAL THEORY

Spengler & Sorokin

Cyclical Theory of Social Changeviews change

from a historical perspective

assumes natural stages of development

likely to gain popularity during periods of upheaval

Oswald SpenglerGerman

historiandeeply

troubled by WWI

wrote Decline of the West◦asserted that

West was well into decline in the 1900s & collapse was inevitable

Pitirim SorokinRussian-American

sociologistpresented 2

extreme forms of culture◦ ideational culture:

truth & knowledge sought through faith & religion

◦sensate culture: people seek knowledge through science

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

Early & Modern

Evolutionary Theory of Social Change

views change as a process that moves in one direction – toward increasing complexity

Early Evolutionary Theories1800s: believed

that all societies progress through the same distinct stages of social development

stages should improve over time

justified political & social conditions in Europe & U.S.

Modern Evolutionary Theoriessaid that societies have a “tendency” to become more complex over time

attempts to see why societies change

EQUILIBRIUM THEORY

Equilibrium Theory of Social Change

built on functionalist idea that society resembles a living organism

occurs as society adapts to maintain stability after a change in one area; involves differentiation & integration

CONFLICT THEORY

Marx & Class Conflict,Dahrendorf & Social Conflict

Conflict Theory of Social Changechange results from conflicts

between groups with opposing interests

Karl Marx & Class Conflict

all human history is history of class conflict

most interested in how this occurs in industrial societies

Ralf Dahrendorf & Social Conflict

holds that social conflict can take many forms◦racial,

ethnic, political, religious, labor, gender, age, etc.

Social Change Through Technology: Social Media & Climate Change

Participation culture, creativity & social change

Do you agree with Gauntlett’s assertion that we need to become more of a “making-and-doing culture” as opposed to a “sit-back-and-be-told culture?” Why or why not?

How do you think technology & social media will influence social movements of the future?

Do you think that people will be happier & more productive if they are engaged in the process of creating? Why or why not?

What role will social media play in helping us transition into a society that has to adapt to new environmental challenges? What challenges might we be facing?

CHAPTER 18: CLASSWORKPage 470: #3-4Page 479: #2-3Page 480: #1-10 Identifying

People & IdeasPage 480: #1-6 Understanding

Main IdeasPage 481: #1-4 Building Social

Studies Skills