Post on 20-Jan-2016
transcript
Was Martin Luther right to rebel against the Catholic Church and form
a new religion?
Essential Question:
Directions
• Write down text in cream.
• Don’t write down text in yellow.
The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c
The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c
Martin Luther• Born 1483
• Priest & Professor in Wittenberg, Germany
Selling of Indulgences
1530 Depiction of Selling Indulgences
• Pope Leo X started practice – certificates
issued by Church to reduce or cancel punishment of sins
• Luther didn’t agree with sale of
Indulgences –
Calls for Reform
• John Wycliffe (1330-1384)– Questioned the authority of the
pope
• Jan Hus (1370-1415)– Criticized the vast wealth of the
Church
• Erasmus (1469-1536)– Attacked corruption in the
Church
Luther Posts The 95 Theses
• 1517 Luther nailed 95 Theses to door of Church
• Criticized Indulgences & church corruption
Luther’s Ideas
Collection of Martin Luther’s Writings, 1581
Luther’s Different Accounts
Young Martin Luther Old Martin Luther
Reformation Spreads
• Gutenberg’s printing press spreads ideas
• Indulgences sales drop
• Luther continued attacks
16th Century Europe: The Reformation
Europe in 1560
Response From Rome
• Pope Leo X sent envoys to end uprising
• Luther refused to stop his criticism
• In 1521 the Pope excommunicated Luther
Diet of Worms• Council of German princes
• Luther declared a heretic & outlaw
Peasant Revolt in 1525
• Luther backed princes
• Princes support Luther against Pope
Catholic Lutheran
• Faith and Good Works
• Ritual and Tradition
• Pope
• Language – Latin
• Faith alone
• literal interpretation of bible
• Did not recognize authority of Pope
• Language – German
The Spread of LutheranismThe Spread of Lutheranism
Calvin• Wrote The
Institutes of the Christian Religion
• Predestination – God determines the fate of every person
• Popular in Netherlands & Scotland
Calvin’s World in the 16cCalvin’s World in the 16c
The Anabaptists
• Baptized adults• No participation in
government• Pacifists• Persecuted went to
America in 1600’s• Quakers, Baptists,
Mennonites, Amish
The AnabaptistsThe Anabaptists
Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)
The Catholic Reformation
• Pope Paul III • Council of Trent
1545-1563
ProtestantChurchesinFrance(Late 16c)
ProtestantChurchesinFrance(Late 16c)
Religious Persecution
• Jesuits – religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
• missionaries• Inquisition
tortured unfaithful
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Slaughter of Huguenots (French Protestants)
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Slaughter of Huguenots (French Protestants)
Henri of Navarre defeated Catholic League & becomes Henry IV of France.
In 1598: Granted religious rights to Huguenots
Edict of NantesEdict of Nantes
Thirty Years War: 1618-1648 (over Religion)
Thirty Years War: 1618-1648 (over Religion)
Loss of German Lives in 30 Years’ War
Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Peace of Westphalia (1648) Ruler of each state could determine its
official religion, BUT must permit freedom of private worship.
ReformationEurope(Late 16c)
ReformationEurope(Late 16c)
Effects of ReformationEffects of Reformation
• Division within Christian faith
• Religious Wars—30 Years War
• Religious Persecution--Inquisition
• Began Separation of Church & State
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