Post on 12-Apr-2020
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WASCON 1991 – 2012 - .......
“Integrated evaluation of the performance of
construction products
with respect to European regulations”
Rein Eikelboom (Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, NL)
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Development in WASCON
Where are we, after 21 years of WASCON?
Where did we start?
What is our future?
Which international policy and
developments in legislation?
(Boundaries? Vision? Horizon?)
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Developments in Waste and recycling
1975/1978 EU Waste directives / National legislation
1980-1990 First systematic R&D on recycling
1991 WASCON 1
1992 Start CEN292 – Characterisation of Waste
Till ± 2000 main focus at environmental compartments (soil, water, ...)
± 2000 National approaches; upcoming recycling market in several EU-countries.
2008 - 2012 Upcoming integral approaches - C2C, Sustainability
- 2050 Agenda’s on sustainability, energy, climate.
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How to make recycling operational?
2. “Without clear boundaries,
no market!”
1. Awareness of a need for recycling
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Some Practicable Examples
Recycling aggregates - Many R&D results
- Recycling market created in many countries
MSWI bottom ash - Complicated waste stream
- Intensive R&D activities, over 30 years.
- Still difficult to reuse
How to make steps further to sustainability?
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Example - Recycling aggregates
Construction
- Road base
- Embankments
- Etc.
C&D waste
C&D Recycling
aggregates
- Concrete aggregate
- Masonry aggregate
- Mix aggregate
- Sieve sand,
Special (concrete)
aggregate
Filler for concrete
products
Concrete waste with
separated
- fines, including
cement
- sand and pebbles Raw material for
concrete, asphalt, etc.
Raw material for
(adding to) cement
production
1st
(‘down cycling’)
- Safe way of recycling
- Meets basic leaching and
technical requirements
2nd
-Recycling on same
‘product level’
Meets basic leaching and
technical requirements, etc.
3rd
- Recycling on high(er)
material/product level
-better resources protection
- less energy consumption
/less CO2 production
- Meets basic leaching and
technical requirements, etc.
Generation Intended use Product
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Example - MSWI bottom ash
MSWI
- Road base
- Embankments
(both often covered.)
- Light cement bound
road base (immobilisation) MSWI Bottom
ash
Improved MSWI
processing
- Minimal treatment
- ‘More’ bottom ash
treatment, e.g. aging
- Road base
(stabilised’)
- Unbound road base
- Embankments
(unbound, often covered)
Removal iron and
non ferro metals
from the waste
(>90%)
Raw material for
concrete, asphalt, etc.
Upgraded mineral
aggregates for concrete
1st
- Meets basic Leaching
requirements etc
1.b.
- Meets stricter leaching
requirements, etc
3rd
Use of non-ferro as
useful resource (ca. 3%
of MSWI-bottom ash)
High level reuse mineral
material in concrete
-Meets strict physical
requirements, etc
Metal recycling
2nd
- Meets stricter leaching
and physical
requirements, etc
Generation Intended use Product
+
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Markets
Environment
Legislation
Policy
Research and Development
Standardisation
Sustainability
All become International !!
International schemes will become the bases for all developments.
National and local further specifications/requirements need to be taken into account
local circumstances: market, environment, resources, types of constructions, etc.
Principle of ’Subsidiarity’
Developments International
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European developments
- Environmental protection directives/policies ((Ground)Water, Radiation, indoor air, etc.)
- Product Directives, including environment: e.g. Biocides, Pesticides, .......
- Construction products: CPD
CPR
- Waste Framework Directive Development End of Waste criteria
- REACH
- CLP directive
- ‘Quality management’ directives and standards
-Energy directive(s)
-Labelling systems on: environmental quality
health
energy
sustainability
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Building life cycle
Life cycle phases:
Main direct focus
Main indirect focus
To be taken into account
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ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS
WATER F.D. (Surface water and Ground water)
Focus: Products
Construction products: Phase of use in a building
Only environmental requirements in use phase
Responsibility for measures:
National and/or local authorities
Tools: Permits (case by case)
National or regional/local general legal requirements
e.g. WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE
(Comparable for other EU or national regulations/policy on environmental compartments,
as soil, indoor air, radiation.)
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Life cycle phases:
Main direct focus
Main indirect focus
To be taken into account
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CPD
CPD
Focus: Products (aimed at buildings/constructions)
Phase of use in a building
Only environmental requirements in use phase
Tools: CEN product standards (ca. 550)
Uniform test methods
Uniform way of performance declaration
Uniform minimum production/declaration control requirements
Technical classes
Responsibility: Producer: Declared product performance
Authorities: Specifying (environmental) requirements/classes
CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS DIRECTIVE
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Life cycle phases:
Main direct focus
Main indirect focus
To be taken into account
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WASTE FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE
EoW:
Focus: Waste
It becomes a product, demanded for, fulfilling technical/environmental requirements
No adverse, but positive impact on further steps in Building life cycle.
Tools: - National, case by case evaluation.
- National, legal provision for specified waste + specified use
- European regulation, for specified waste + specified use
Authorities: European, National , local, depending on type of tool
WASTE F.D. - END OF WASTE
‘By-products’:
Special position, including rather comparable approaches possible as
mentioned for End of Waste
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Life cycle phases:
Main direct focus
Main indirect focus
To be taken into account
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CPR
CPR
Focus: Products (aimed at use in buildings/constructions)
Phase : 1. Performance in phase of use in a building (as developed under CPD)
2. Complete life cycle to be taken into account. Sustainability.
Environmental requirements in use phase, other phases to be taken into account
Tools: CEN product standards (ca. 550)
Uniform test methods
Uniform way of performance declaration
Uniform minimum production/declaration control requirements
Technical classes
Responsibility: Producer: Declared product performance
Authorities: Specifying (environmental) requirements/classes
CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS REGULATION
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Life cycle phases:
Main direct focus
Main indirect focus
To be taken into account
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REACH
REACH
Focus: Substances, Mixtures, Articles(solid products) (Some types/conditions Exempted
e.g. biocides, radiation, waste, impurities,
release, low production amounts, etc.)
Bringing on the market
Registration and investigation by manufacture/importer.
In evaluation, whole life cycle to be taken into account
Tools: Registration and reports by manufacturer to ECHA bureau
Cooperation by producers
Information sheets
REACH-Annex 17; default limit values for specified substances and use
Responsibility: Manufacturer/importer: deliver information
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Life cycle phases:
Main direct focus
Main indirect focus
To be taken into account
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CLP Directive
CLP Directive
Focus: Substances, Mixtures, Articles (solid products)
Uniform information on risks
Adequate packaging
Tools: Lists with standard risk specifications
Standard values and calculations for determination of risks
Information sheets
Responsibility: Manufacturer and importer
Links with: REACH; Systems are mutually complementary.
Waste Directive; Ongoing adjustment Hazardous waste criteria with
CLP criteria Hazardous substances
Classification, labelling and packaging
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Life cycle phases:
Main direct focus
Main indirect focus
To be taken into account
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SUSTAINABILITY
- Energy
- CO2
- Resources (raw materials, food, energy)
‘Sustainability’ focuses at:
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Resources in the Building Life Cycle
Product
.
Waste
Treatment
Raw material
Production of
construction products
Demolition /
Selective
disposal
Building/
Construction
Service life
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ry
Resources in the Building Life Cycle
Product
i
Waste
Waste treatment /
recovery
Raw material
Production of
construction products
Demolition /
Selective disposal
Building/
Construction
Service life
Waste disposal
New resources
Energy consumption
CO2
(Raw) materials
Resources in the Building Life Cycle
Often all life cycle phases taken into account.
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Approaches in the Building Life Cycle
Some European approaches on energy and on labelling:
Obligatory:
Construction (products) included now:
Energy performance Directive: MS to set minimum standards, and update periodically
Construction (products) may or will be included:
Ecodesign Directive: Environmental Requirements for energy related products
Energy Star Regulation: Energy efficiency requirements on products
Energy efficiency Directive (draft): MS should set general energy reduction goals
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
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Resources in the Building Life Cycle
Some European approaches on energy and on labelling:
Voluntary
Ecolabel regulation : Best products get Ecolabel
Ecolabel for office buildings;: Env. and health aspects, now mainly construction products
Energy performance of Buildings : Step by step to zero energy buildings; construction
(EPDB) products may be included later.
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LCA’s
LCA’s
- Increasingly used in sustainable evaluation.
- Different systems in different countries;
initiatives aiming at harmonisation
1. Adequate product performance declarations
needed as input for
LCA / sustainability on construction or building level
2. LCA / Sustainability approaches to be in included in R&D
What is required from developments on recycling?
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Evaluation environmental performance
and sustainability
Integral approaches on
sustainability,
including LCA’s
Complementary evaluation approaches (1) ‘individual’ parameters on health, environment and sustainability
(2) integral approaches on sustainability
Basic requirements on
‘individual’ parameters
e.g.
- REACH, ann.17: - content of substances
- Waste: - content hazardous substances
- Energy: - minimum Energy performance
- WaterFD, etc, and National regulations, e.g. NL Soil
Quality Decree: - content and release values
e.g.
- Labelling on life cycle
performance
- Energy performance
- Resources approaches
- CPR (BWR7 -sustainability) and
CEN/TC350 (LCA) standards
Voluntary
Semi Voluntary
Obligatory
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ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION /
SUSTAINABILITY
Integral approaches
including LCA’s
Example; Some approaches in the Netherlands (2012)
Basic requirements on
individual parameters
e.g. - Sun and Windpower;
TES-systems, etc.
- National Sustainability agenda 2011
-Green deals (e.g. MSWI-bottom ash, Cement)
Voluntary
or
Semi Voluntary
Obligatory
- LCA (CO2/ resources) for products/new houses/offices;
obliged to make, voluntary to use.
- Energy label for buildings, houses; obliged when buying,
renting and selling a house; voluntary to use.
- REACH - risk of substances, mainly on content.
- SQD (NL) - emission and content of substances
- Energy - limiting use of energy
- Radiation - emission/immission requirements
- Formaldehyde, etc. - immission-emission requirements
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Conclusions
1. 3 Decennia R&D Solid base for recycling
Solid base for sustainability
2. Change Sustainability
additional - integral approaches needed
- CO2 production
- Resources
- Energy consumption
Challenge: in R&D projects on recycling waste /C2C/
take integral requirements and approaches on
sustainability direct on board.
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WASCON and all participants:
I wish you all an interesting sustainable future
as pioneers
in the new phase ahead
☺☺ for a sustainable society!
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