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WASTE MANAGEMENT

PRESENTED BY :-

Maryam Zafar Ansari

Kritika Verma

MBA 2nd Sem

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Waste management

• Basic purpose of waste management is to minimize the overall waste in a given system.

• To reduce waste we have to maximize the use of resources

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Classification of Waste

Waste classified on the basis of:• Waste resources• Origin of waste• Property of waste• Recoverability

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Measurement of Waste

• Wastivity = Waste (W)

Input (I)• Gross Wastivity = Total Waste

Total Input• Net Waste = Total Waste -

Waste Recycled Within The

System

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Measurement of Waste

• Net Wastivity = Net Waste

Total Output

Waste is an indirect measure of Productivity. If Wastivity is checked Productivity will automatically be improved.

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Causes of Waste

• Faulty planning and policies.• Faulty organization structure.• Environmental pressures.• Lack of accountability.• Unawareness of technological advances.• Wrong specifications, standards and

codes.• Wrong raw materials

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Causes of Waste: (contd.)

• Lack of inventory control.• Communication gaps.• Faulty work methods.• Lax supervision and control.• Lack of motivation.• Poor working conditions.• Poor Industrial Relations.

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Causes of Waste: (contd.)

• Maintenance failure.• Power failure.• Distribution problems.• Less attention to waste segregation and

collection.• Technological obsolescence.

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Systematic Approach to Waste Reduction

• Total waste of the whole system is recognized.

• Stages at which waste is generated are identified.

• Waste – reduction program is implemented at each stage by planning corrective action and eliminating the cause.

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Waste Collection System

Following factors govern Waste Collection:• Separate the waste at source.• Make arrangement to collect waste in

suitable containers from time to time.• Carry the waste to the salvage industry for

ultimate reuse.• Make suitable arrangements to collect

both organic and inorganic wastes.

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Recycling of Wastes

• In recycling, the waste is used as input to the same process or system.

• In reuse the waste is used as input to some other process or system.

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Waste Disposal System

Waste can be classified into two categories in terms of its disposal:

• Salvable Wastes• Non – Salvable Wastes

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Disposal of Non-Salvable Wastes

All wastes with no further value are ultimately disposed by the following techniques:

• Mechanical Processing• Thermal Processing• Bio-Processing• Ultimate Disposal

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Salvable Waste

• They have the salvage value.

Eg. Scrap, rejected goods,surplus and obsolete items.

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Disposal of Salvable Waste -Management of Surplus and

Scrap

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What is Surplus?

• Industrial surplus is defined as those materials which are in excess of the reasonable operational requirements of the concern.

• Surplus is the state of an item when stock is likely to last longer than a reasonable period or when it is no longer required for use.

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Surplus stock generally arises on the following occasions:

• When purchases have been made in larger quantities than required.

• When operations are suddenly curtailed.• When the wrong item has been purchased.• When the usual materials are rendered

useless due to change in materials specifications.

• When some quantities of the items are left out after the completion of a project.

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Sources of Surplus

Surpluses emanate from three primary sources:

a) Scrap and waste

b) Surplus, obsolete or damaged stock items

c) Surplus, obsolete or damaged equipments

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(A) Surplus from Scrap and Waste

• Wastage, spoilage, empty drums and bags which are not returnable to suppliers, broken and worn out tools which are beyond repairs, irreparable parts of machinery, turning and boring from machines are all commonly termed as scrap.

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(B) Surplus ,Obsolete or Damaged goods (Stocks)

Obsolete Items:

Items which are degenerated out-of-date - mostly superseded by a better design and sophisticated technology – are known as obsolete items.

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Causes of Surplus:• Over-anticipation, enthusiastic and

optimistic sales forecasting.• Constant, continuous and rapid changes in

designs and specifications of materials and components.

• Lag between production planning , its actual commencement and completion.

• Excessive forward buying.

(B) Surplus ,Obsolete or Damaged goods (Stocks)

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(C) Surplus, Obsolete or Damaged Equipments

• All machines and equipments at some point in their life become surplus for two primary reasons :

i. They wear out with passage of time

ii. They become technologically obsolete with better technology inventions.

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Disposal - Where to be made

Disposal of surplus can take the

following routes :• Circulation within the concern• Return to the supplier• Direct sale to the other firm• Sale to dealers and brokers• Sale to employees• Donations to educational institutions.

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REFERENCES

• Production and Operations Management

- Chunawala Patel

• Wikipedia• Google images

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