Post on 25-Jul-2015
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WATER AVAILABILITY AND USE IN INDIA -- AN OVERVIEW
By O.T.GulatiChairman,Water Management ForumThe Institution of Engineers (India)
A River basin perspective of Water Resources & Challenges -Anju Gaur & Priyanie Amerasinghe
Surface and Ground water Resources in River Basins in India
A River basin perspective of Water Resources & Challenges -Anju Gaur & Priyanie Amerasinghe
Available Water Resources in India and Demand Projections by 2025 and 2050
The Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator defines water scarcity for a region
or country in terms of renewable fresh water available per person per
year .If the amount available is less than 1700 m3 / person / year, the region
is said to be ‘Water stressed’.
In India, around 1950, the indicator was 5000 m3/person/year,
which now is 1200 m3/person/year; which is barely sufficient to sustain
economic growth and support human being.
Addressing Water Management –Tushaar Shah and shilpa Verma-
Getting India back on Track- Edited by Bibek Debroy, Ashley J. Tellis ,
Reece Trevour.
The World Resources Institute has declared India among the world’s 50 most water stressed countries,(rank -41), while Australia ranked -45.
These indicated include – Baseline water stress ie. The ratio of total annual water Withdrawal to the total available annual renewable supply. Inter annual Variablity. Seasonal Variablity. Flood Occurrence Drought Severity.
- F. Gassevt ‘ Aqueduct country and River Rankings- Working Paper World Resources institute- November- 2013
Energised Irrigation Wells
1960 2,50,000
Energised Irrigation Wells
2014 More than 20 million.
Government Managed Surface Irrigation Systems
215 billion Cubic meter storage
12 - 15 m.ha. irrigation
Private Managed Sub-surface irrigation systems
230 billion cubic meter storage
65 m.ha. irrigation.
Addressing Water Management –Tushaar Shah and shilpa Verma-
Getting India back on Track- Edited by Bibek Debroy, Ashley J. Tellis ,
Reece Trevour
Country External (Billion m3)
Total (Billion m3) External Dependancy
Ratio %
Bangladesh 1105.644 1210.644 91.30
China 17.169 2840.00 0.90
India 647.220 1907.76 33.40
Annual Renewable Water Resources in Selected Asian Countries.
Based on FAO’s Aquastate online Data , 2011
Country Total Fresh Water
Withdrawal (km3/year)
Per Capita Withdrawal m3/p/year
Domestic use m3/
p/year %
Industrial use
m3/p/year %
Agricultural use m3/p/year
%
India 645.84 585 47(8%) 30(5%) 508(86%)
China 549.76 415 29 (7%) 107(26%) 279 (68%)
USA 477 1600 208(46 %) 736(46%) 656(41%)
Fresh Water withdrawals by Country
‘Peak Water’ Wikipedia
International Commission on Large Dams
Per capita Yearly Water Storage
• Global Average- 900 m3
• China -2200 m3
• India – 200 m3
Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships
Total Area Harvested and total Yields for Cereals (1961-2010) in China, India, and Indonesia
Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships
Total food supply (kcal/capita/day) 2009
Growth of Agricultural outputs and Inputs
Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships
Growth of Surface and Groundwater irrigation in India (1951-2007)
Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships
Access to improved water and sanitation resources:- China & India
Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships
Irrigation investment and irrigated area in India
Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships
Comparison of energy use in Brazil, China, India and Indonesia (1971-2009)
A River basin perspective of Water Resources & Challenges -Anju Gaur & Priyanie Amerasinghe
Pollution in Selected Stretches of river Basins
ISSUES
Overall Scarcity of Water Resources.
Widening Gap between supply and demand.
Uneven Spatial and temporal distribution of water resources.
Less Storage availability .
High external dependence.
Sub- Optimal performance in resource utilization .
Increasing deterioration of Water Resources.
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