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transcript
Water Resources Demand Management at the National Level
[Philippines]
Bonifacio S. LabianoDivision Manager-A
Irrigation Engineering CenterNational Irrigation Administration
Jorge M. EstiokoChief
Monitoring and Enforcement DivisionNational Water Resources Board
1. Conditions and Strategies in Demand Management
a. Demand Situation Irrigation Development Perspective
Irrigable Area,3.126 M ha
Serviceable Area,1.543 M ha
Developed Area,1.543 M ha
Undeveloped Area,1.583 M ha
National Systems,0.767 M ha
Private Systems,0.217 M ha
Communal Systems,0.558 M ha
(as of 31 December 2010)
Incl
ude
smal
l sca
le ir
rigati
on s
yste
ms
SSIS
s)In
cons
iste
nt ir
rigati
on d
evel
opm
ent d
ata
a. Demand Situation Cropping Pattern Enrichment
Incr
ease
cro
ppin
g in
tens
itySe
t wet
-to-
wet
inte
rlap
b. Demand Forecasts Rice Self-Sufficiency Requirement
Parameter 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Palay Yield Target, mt/ha 3.70 3.85 4.15 4.42 4.58 4.74 4.89 Δ Increase, kg/ha 148 295 274Harvested Area Target, M ha 4.387 4.534 4.632 4.779 4.920 5.060 5.199 Δ Increase, M ha 0.147 0.098 0.147Palay Requirement Projection, M mt 20.3 20.7 20.9 21.1 21.6 22.0 22.5Palay Production Target, M mt 16.2 17.5 19.2 21.1 22.5 24.0 25.4 % Rice Self-Sufficiency 80.2 84.4 91.9 100.0 104.4 108.8 113.0Roadmap Δ Production Target, M mt 1.218 1.746 1.920 1.273 1.462 1.438 NIA's Share, % 47.9 24.7 38.9 61.4 54.0 53.9 M mt 0.584 0.431 0.746 0.781 0.790 0.775 Increase in Harvested Area 0.377 0.255 0.426 0.412 0.411 0.408 Increase in Palay Yield 0.207 0.176 0.320 0.369 0.378 0.367 N
IA’s
shar
e is
36
perc
ent o
f the
tota
l inc
reas
e in
pa
lay
prod
uctio
n w
ithin
the
criti
cal p
erio
d
b. Demand Forecasts Water Appropriation Competition
Sectors
Factors
Supply
Demand
Agriculture Residential Commercial Industrial
GrowingExtent
ExpandingCoverage
DiminishingQuantity
Quality Deterioration
GrowingDemand
ClimateChange
WatershedDenudation
Rainfall Occurrence
Rainfall Intensity
StreamflowPattern
GrowingCompetition
c. Adaptation Measures Irrigation Performance Amplification
Gen
erat
e an
d re
stor
e se
rvic
eabl
e ar
eaIn
crea
se c
ropp
ing
inte
nsity
and
cro
p yi
eld
c. Adaptation Measures Farming System Upgrading
Legend:
Till, level and mark field: 40 x 40 cm
straight rows
Expands Soil Biota
Lowers Production Cost
Reduces Water Input
Apply organic fertilizer on frail spots: 3-5 kg/m2
Transplant very young seedlings: 8-
10 day old
Sow quality hybrid or inbred seeds: 5
kg/ha
Adopt modified 2-cm thick dapog nursery:
30 m2/ha
Spray 6-8 x @ 1 liorganic fertilizer
cum pesticide
Replant missing and frail hills within 10
DAT
Deweed using rotary weeder: 20, 30 and
40 DAT
Transplant one plant/hill in 2-way
straight rows
Adopt enhanced intermittent field irrigation: 3:7 day
Spread organic fertilizer during
tillage: 40 bag/ha
Increases Crop Yield
Rejuvenates Soil Function
Produces Organic Rice
Commands Higher Prices
Practices
Thrust
Benefits
Sustainable Irrigated
Agriculture
Com
pone
nt p
racti
ces
now
fam
iliar
with
farm
ers
Adop
tion
is h
owev
er s
till f
ragm
enta
l
d. Mitigation Measures Rotational Water Distribution
Alle
viat
es w
ater
sho
rtag
eIm
prov
es w
ater
pro
ducti
vity
e. Response Plans Quick-Resulting Projects
Mos
t criti
cal p
erio
d is
201
1 –
2012
Prio
ritize
mon
o-ye
ar p
roje
cts
Parameter 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Annual Budget, P Billion 13.60 12.79 30.00 20.00FU Serviceable Area, M ha 1.483 1.542 1.595 1.650 1.795 Δ Generated Area, ha 7,106 27,140 89,196 65,401 Δ Restored Area, ha 45,889 28,290 55,240 27,874 Δ Rehabilitated Area, ha 149,495 100,680 90,789 29,186Cropping Intensity, % 1.40 1.44 1.47 1.50Harvested Area, M ha 1.815 2.025 2.145 2.450 WS Crop 0.915 0.965 1.020 1.165 DS Crop 0.860 0.915 0.970 1.110 3rd Crop 0.040 0.145 0.155 0.175 Δ Harvested Area, M ha 0.210 0.120 0.305Palay Yield, mt/ha Rainfed 2.77 2.83 3.08 3.08 Irrigated 4.20 4.38 4.65 5.01Δ Palay Production, M mt 0.862 0.449 1.144 Due to Area Increase 0.562 0.263 0.665 Due to Yield Increase 0.300 0.186 0.479
Δ Palay Prouction, M mt (commitment) 0.584 0.431 0.746
e. Response Plans Human Resource Strengthening
Institutional Reform
AgencyRationalization
Five-Year Plan Ending 2012
Experienced Staff Retired
NeededAction
TrainStaff
InterveningScenario
Rice Self-Sufficiency Roadmap
Unprecedented Workload
NeededAction
TrainStaff
IncreaseStaff
f. Recovery Plans Programs Convergence Initiative
Pumping Operations Subsidization
RemedialMeasures
Agriculture Public WorksEnvironment
FocusConcerns
RiceAreas
FloodControl
WatershedReforestation
AgenciesConverging
OperationsConstraint
High O&MCost
UnsustainableOperations
Low PayingCapacity
HalvedISF Rate
NIA gets Subsidy
NIA revisitsStrategies
2. Policies and Programs in Demand Management
a. National Policies Water Appropriation Prioritization
Hydraulic Regulation Improvement
WaterPrioritization
WaterRights
RemedialMeasure
ExistingPhenomenon
P-1: Water Supply
P-2: PowerGeneration
P-3: IrrigationSupply
UpstreamDiversion
Dedicated Source
SoundDecision
BeneficiaryShift
WaterSuperfluity US
WaterDeficit MS
WaterDeprivation DS
Standard Weir:Cross Regulator
Notched Weir:Offtake Intake
Caps Allowable Discharge
b. National Programs Irrigation System Modernization
Tran
sfer
s w
ater
man
agem
ent t
o ca
nal s
truc
ture
sM
akes
irrig
ation
sys
tem
s se
lf-di
agno
stic
b. National Programs Public Private Partnership
Execution
Targets
Allure
InvestmentCounterparting
Dam Aspect Only
MultipurposeDams
PowerPlants
Trimmed Investment
4 Projects in Pipeline
PurposeAccelerate
DevelopmentComplement
Resource
3. Lessons and Practices in Demand Management
a. Lesson Learned Pump Irrigation Profitability
Situation
Uncertainty
Impact
Advocacy
High &MCost
SubsidizedCost
Halved ISFRate
SubsidyStoppage
Low ISFCollections
Operations Sustainability
PISs at LowerPriority
Dries UpHand Pumps
PISs for Water Augmentation
Aquifer for Water Supply
4. Challenges and Needs in Demand Management
a. Management Challenges
Rank #1 - Diminishing Water Supply
Rank #2 - Balding Irrigation Watersheds
Rank #3 - Ineffective Hydraulic Regulation
Diminishing water supply vs. Growing water demand
Severe water regimes and rising silt load cut irrigation performance
Ineffective water control causes Inequitable water apportioning
b. Assistance Necessary Irrigation Modernization Piloting
Technical Capability Enhancement
Irrigation Statistics Validation
IRwM adoption still fragmental; Module impact needed proof
Serviceable area needed inventorying with mapping
Experienced staff retired; Retained staff needed trained
c. Adaptation Initiatives Irrigation System Modernization
Operations Constraints
Unique Situation
Current Thrusts
Water Supply
Shortage
IrrigationFacility
Dysfunction
Water Distribution
Inequitableness
Generate Serviceable
Area
Restore Serviceable
Area
Increase Harvested
Area
Irrigation Modernization
Module
Irrigation Engineering
Center
SystemImprovement
Plan
Development Process
Bad Experience Triggered
Insights/PapersSynthesized
d. Policy Considerations Design Waterduty Responsiveness
DesignAssumptions
Crop:Lowland
Rice
Scheme:Continuous Irrigation
Value: 1.5 li sec-1 ha-1
[13 mm day-1]
Irrigation Periods
AdequacyStatus
SaturationIrrigation
MaintenanceIrrigation
Inadequate:Saturation,
Submergence Adequate
Effective Rainfall
Year-RoundIrrigation
R3CPDefault
Wet-to-WetInterlap