Post on 07-Dec-2014
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transcript
WEB 2.0 Christodoulos Tsiambartas
Overview
Introduction - What is WEB 2.0
O Reilly definition
Criticism
WEB 1.0
Dot com Bubble
Technologies
WEB 2.0
Comparison with WEB 1.0 Technology
Design Patterns
Design Features/styles
Technologies and Tools
Successful Web 2.0 Companies
Advantages & Disadvantages
WEB 3.0
What is coming next
Summary
Questions and Discussion
References
Introduction – What is WEB 2.0
What do you think WEB 2.0 is ?
Tim O‟Reilly
Definition (2004 Conference)
Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the
move to the internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules
for success on that new platform.
WEB 2.0 Conferences (SUMMIT)
What is WEB 2.0 (continued)
Contradiction
meaningless marketing buzzword OR the new conventional wisdom
Buzzword?
Not clear for average user what WEB 2.0 is
People are struggling to understand;
No common architecture
Multiple definitions
Contentious
Attitude not technology
Links back to the original web
Quotes from WEB influencers
Alan Meckler (internet.com): “web 2.0 is just a continuing evolution…”
Gina Bianchini (Ning): “I think it means a lot of different things to a lot of different people”
Biz Stone (twitter): “the public acceptance of the fact that the web is a highly social utility”
Tim Berners-Lee: “nobody even knows what it means”
What is WEB 2.0 (continued)
Conventional wisdom?
Atomization of web
Quotes fromWEB influencers :
Eric Engleman (Bloglines): “it is really about end users”
Max Mancini (ebay): “Atomization of the WEB”
“taking all of the components and making them available for combination
in unconsidered way, or in ways that are very individual”
Dorion Carroll (technorati): “its no longer the one-way WEB”
Rodrigo Madanes (Skype): “web 2.0 is the resurgence in web
innovation”.
WEB 1.0
There was a Web 1.0…if we assume that there's a Web 2.0
WEB 1.0
Static pages
Not interactive
Applications are proprietary
Source: http://blog.aysoon.com/le-web20-illustre-en-une-seule-image
WEB 1.0 (continued)
Dot com bubble Existing businesses realized that needed
a presence on the internet.
Strived to make money by reaching
consumers only over the internet.
Over optimism about e-commerce
Problems dealing direct with customer is
the customer:
Small orders
Returns
Complaints
Shipping
Customer service
Survivors:
Amazon.com: it is the middleman
Ebay: brings buyers and sellers and
makes profit from it.
Source: http://www.watblog.com/2008/04/17/the-biggest-bubble-there-ever-was/
Companies significant to the bubble
Boo.com – spent $180 million in online fassion. Went
bankrupt in May 2000
Geocities – purchased by Yahoo for $3.57 billion in 1999.
Yahoo closed Geocities in 2009.
eToys – share price from $80 (1999) went to $1 (2001)
WEB 1.0 (continued)
WEB 1.0 (continued)
Technologies (design elements)
Static pages instead of dynamic user-generated content
The use of framesets
Proprietary HTML extensions
Online guestbooks (geocities)
GIF buttons
HTML forms sent via email
WEB 2.0
Source: http://oreilly.com/web2/excerpts/web2-architectures/chapter-3.html
WEB 1.0 vs 2.0
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Collaborative Tagging
Tagging refers to the ability of users to add “labels”
(or tags) to link resources
Design patterns
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information Source: http://community.bamboosolutions.com/blogs/bambooteamblog/archive/2009/04/15/sharepoint-tag-
cloud-web-part-just-released-to-bamboo-labs.aspx
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Synchronized Web
In this pattern, multiple applications or users
share the same state or view of the same state.
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information Source: http://www.technobuzz.net/play-free-web-games-online/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
It's an architectural style of building software
applications that promotes loose coupling between
components so that you can reuse them
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information http://www.w3.org/2003/Talks/0521-hh-wsa/slide5-0.html
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information
SaaS
delivers computational functionality to users without
them having to persist the entire application or system
on their computers.
Source: http://www.ekinsystems.com/Home/CloudComputing/tabid/102/Default.aspx
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Persistent Rights Management
users retaining their Create, Read,
Update, Delete (CRUD) rights on every
copy of a digital artefact.
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information
Source:http://help.adobe.com/en_US/livecycle/9.0/rightsMgmtExt2007Help/index
.htm?content=000006.html
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information
Mashup
aggregating content or computational resources from
multiple sources, and mixing them together to create
something new.
Source:http://webscripts.softpedia.com/scriptScreenshots/Maxmind-and-Google-Maps-Mashup-
Screenshots-42943.html
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information
Rich user experiences
a combination of GUI -style (Graphical User
Interface) applications and multimedia content.
Source:http://www.thedailyslice.com/tag/consumer-engagement/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information
Participation/Collaboration
focuses on self-organizing communities and social
interactions among Web 2.0 participants.
Source:http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/qa-focus/documents/briefings/briefing-78/html/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information
Asynchronous Particle Update
Rather than forcing a complete object (page view)
update, a smaller part of the whole can be updated
asynchronously.
Source:http://www.rhema-webdesign.com/web/web_technologies
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information
Social Networking
Social networks such as Facebook, where people
simply “declare” existing social structures
Source:http://events.venturebeat.com/gamesbeat2010/
Source:http://conserveonline.org/workspaces/ZumwaltPrairieWorkspace
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information
Semantic Web grounding
It facilitates self-learning, self-healing software, as
observing the patterns of interactions can lead to
inferences about the relevancy of semantic
declarations.
Source:http://www.velvetblues.com/web-development-blog/google-added-ajax-features-to-search/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design elements
Collaborative Tagging (folksonomy)
Synchronized Web
Single Oriented Architecture (SOA)
SaaS (cloud computing)
Persistent Rights Management
Mashup
Rich User Experience
Participation/Collaboration
Asynchronous Particle Update
Social Networking
Semantic Web Grounding
Structured Information
Structured Information
The advent of XML and the ability to apply
customized tagging to specific elements
Source:http://blog.mozilla.com/faaborg/2006/12/13/microformats-part-2-the-fundamental-types/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Simplicity:
"Use as few features as are necessary to achieve what you need
to achieve“. Web design is simpler than ever, and that's a good
thing. 2.0 design means focused, clean and simple.
Source:http://intlstore.mozilla.org/index.php?cPath=4
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Central layout:
This "2.0" style is simple, bold and honest. Sites that sit straight
front & center feel more simple, bold and honest.
Source:http://www.etre.com/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Fewer columns:
Less is more. Fewer columns feels simpler, bolder, and more
honest. Communicating less information more clearly.
Source: http://www.apple.com/mac/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Separate top section:
This means making the top of the screen (the main branding &
nav area) distinct from the rest (the main content).
Source: http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Solid areas of screen real-estate:
Leading on from the clearly differentiated top area, sites define
the various areas of real-estate boldly and clearly.
Source: http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Simple navigation:
Navigation bar needs to be clearly identifiable as navigation, and
should be easy to interpret, target and select
Source: http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Bold logos:
A clear, bold, strong brand - incorporating attitude, tone of voice,
and first impression - is helped by a bold logo.
Strong, bold logos say "This is who we are." in a way that we can
believe.
Source: http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Bigger text:
Making things bigger makes them more noticeable than lesser
elements. Not only does big text stand out, but it's also more
accessible to more people.
Source: http://37signals.com/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Bold text introductions:
They tend to be graphical, rather than regular text. The reason
for this is that designers want a lot of control over the page's
visual impact, especially early on in a browsing experience.
Source: http://37signals.com/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Strong colours:
Bright, strong colours draw the eye. When you have a simple,
stripped-out design, you can use a bit of intense colour to help
differentiate areas of real-estate and to draw attention to items
you want the visitor to notice.
Source: http://www.colorschemer.com/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Rich surfaces:
Realistic surface effects (like drop-shadows, gradients and
reflections) help make a visual interface feel more real, solid and
"finished".
Source: http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Gradients:
Gradients soften areas that would otherwise be flat colour/tone.
Source: http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Reflections:
The illusion of reflection is one of the most common applications
on gradients.
Source: http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Cute icons:
Icons play an important role in Web 2.0 design. Today we use
fewer, better icons that carry more meaning. Icons can be useful
when they're easily recognisable and carry a clear meaning.
Source: http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Design features/styles
Simplicity
Central layout
Fewer columns
Separate top section
Solid areas of screen real estate
Simple navigation
Bold logos
Bigger text
Bold text introductions
Strong colours
Rich surfaces
Gradients
Reflections
Cute icons
Star flashes
Star flashes:
These are the star-shaped labels that you see stuck on web
pages, alerting you to something important. They work by
evoking price stickers in low-cost stores.
Source: http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com
Web 2.0 'neglecting good design„
Jacob Nielsen: “Web firms neglect the basics of good
design, web usability guru”
Paying attention on good design but not on usability
Web firms rush to create websites, making site less usable
Only few users will make significant use of all tools provided
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Source:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6653119.stm
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Technologies and Tools
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Server-side scripting (PHP,Perl,Java,Ruby)
Stylesheets (CSS & XSLT)
XUL
XML
DOM
Flash Fex
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
AJAX:
Client-side scripting means JavaScript. The major
advantage to JavaScript is that it doesn’t require page
reloading.
Soutce:http://blogs.microsoft.co.il/blogs/justinangel/archive/2007/12.aspx
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Technologies and Tools
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Server-side scripting (PHP,Perl,Java,Ruby)
Stylesheets (CSS & XSLT)
XUL
XML
DOM
Flash Fex
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Server-side scripting:
Server side scripts give instructions to the computer (the
server) that hosts a webpage, instead of using a browser
on the user’s desktop. Server side scripts are usually
faster than client side ones, and most AJAX programming
requires at least some server-side scripts.
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Technologies and Tools
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Server-side scripting (PHP,Perl,Java,Ruby)
Stylesheets (CSS & XSLT)
XUL
XML
DOM
Flash Fex
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol:
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language
used to describe the presentation semantics (that is, the
look and formatting) of a document written in a markup
language.
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Technologies and Tools
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Server-side scripting (PHP,Perl,Java,Ruby)
Stylesheets (CSS & XSLT)
XUL
XML
DOM
Flash Fex
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
XUL (XML User Interface Markup Language):
XUL relies on multiple existing web standards and web
technologies, including CSS, JavaScript, and DOM. Such
reliance makes XUL relatively easy to learn for people
with a background in web-programming and design.
Source: http://www.peppertop.com/blog/?p=126
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Technologies and Tools
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Server-side scripting (PHP,Perl,Java,Ruby)
Stylesheets (CSS & XSLT)
XUL
XML
DOM
Flash Fex
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
XML (eXtensible Markup Language):
XML’s design goals emphasize simplicity, generality, and
usability over the Internet. It is a textual data format, with
strong support via Unicode for the languages of the
world. Although XML’s design focuses on documents, it is
widely used for the representation of arbitrary data
structures, for example in web services.
Source: http://entrecard.com/blog/?p=547
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Technologies and Tools
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Server-side scripting (PHP,Perl,Java,Ruby)
Stylesheets (CSS & XSLT)
XUL
XML
DOM
Flash Fex
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Document Object Model
The Document Object Model (DOM) is a cross-platform
and language-independent convention for representing
and interacting with objects in HTML, XHTML and XML
documents..
Source: http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/webprog/dhtml/ch01_06.htm
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Technologies and Tools
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Server-side scripting (PHP,Perl,Java,Ruby)
Stylesheets (CSS & XSLT)
XUL
XML
DOM
Flash Fex
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Flash Fex:
Flex is a highly productive, free open source framework
for building and maintaining expressive web applications
that deploy consistently on all major browsers, desktops,
and operating systems.
Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/70/Flexicon.png
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Technologies and Tools
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Server-side scripting (PHP,Perl,Java,Ruby)
Stylesheets (CSS & XSLT)
XUL
XML
DOM
Flash Fex
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
REST (Representational State Transfer):
Representational state transfer (REST) is a style of
software architecture for distributed hypermedia systems
such as the World Wide Web.
Source:http://ausweb.scu.edu.au/aw06/papers/refereed/wright/paper.html
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Technologies and Tools
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Server-side scripting (PHP,Perl,Java,Ruby)
Stylesheets (CSS & XSLT)
XUL
XML
DOM
Flash Fex
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
RDF is a standard model for data interchange on the
Web. RDF has features that facilitate data merging even
if the underlying schemas differ, and it specifically
supports the evolution of schemas over time without
requiring all the data consumers to be changed.
Source: http://renato.iannella.it/paper/rdf-idiot/
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Successful e-commerce web 2.0 companies
Amazon.com
Ebay
Yahoo
Wikipedia
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Advantages:
Information can be gathered from multiple sources
Mass population communicates and spreads ideas and
information
Personalization to meet the needs of a single user
Greatest communication medium in the world
Broader perspective for viewing events
Creativity
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Disadvantages/Issues
Dependence
Bandwidth
Paperless offices (danger)
Sharing sensitive data
Copyrights
Job opportunities
Vandalism
Anonymity
Credibility
How to create a successful WEB 2.0 business:
Simple Business Idea (e.g. Google)
Create and Release as Early as Possible (prototypes)
Use the Network Effect (collaboration, volunteers, feedback)
Track Your Users & Rankings (business statistic, alexa‟s)
Marketing (creative and innovative solutions)
Read about Successful and Unsuccessful e-Companies
Have a Revenue Model(millions of pageviews but no
earning)
Continually Improve Your Business and Develop Improvement
Metrics
WEB 2.0 (continued)
Web 2.0 tools for promoting your business:
Company personality: blogging
Promote events: Facebook/Twitter (eg Obama)
Video : YouTube
Track success: Google Analytics
Professional growth: Meetup
Recruitment tool: LinkedIn
WEB 2.0 (continued)
WEB 2.0
The phenomenon of long tail in WEB 2.0
Why The Future of Business is Selling Less of More
Source:http://satyamshot.wordpress.com/2009/04/19/the-long-tail-bollywood-hollywood-hits-and-niches-and-much-more/
WEB 3.0
What is coming after 2.0?
Semantic web?
Meaning of data
Openness
Open source API‟s
3D virtual worlds
Summary
The Machine is US/ing us
Web 2.0 is not a technology
Web 2.0 is a trend
Web 2.0 is a collaboration of web tools
Web 2.0 facilitates various technologies to deliver
rich user experience
Web 2.0 is about read and write
Web 2.0 is not all good
Web 2.0 is participatory
Questions and Discussion
What do you think about the future of WEB?
Is WEB 2.0 a bubble 2.0?
What other implications Web 2.0 is causing?
What is raw data?
Governments/institutions/organisation to make their
data openly available on the web
References
1. CASAREZ, V., CRIPE, B., SINI, J. and WECKERLE, P., 2009. Reshaping your business with WEB 2.0.
USA: McGraw-Gill
2. DIX, A. and COWEN L., BCS: HCI 2.0? Usability meets Web 2.0 [online]. Available:
http://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/ewic_hc07_papaper1.pdf [accessed 20 Feb 2010].
3. Governor J., Hinchcliffe D. and Nickull D., 2009 WEB 2.0 Architectures. Canada: O‟Reilly Media,
Inc.
4. JONES, B. L., 2008. WEB 2.0 Heroes. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing Inc.
5. O‟Reilly Media, 2010. Dissecting Web 2.0 Examples: Chapter 3 - Web 2.0 Architectures [online].
Available: http://oreilly.com/web2/excerpts/web2-architectures/chapter-3.html [accessed 21 Feb
2010].
6. O‟Reilly Media and TechWeb, 2010. Web2.0 Summit 2009 [online]. Available:
http://www.web2summit.com/web2009 [accessed 21 Feb 2010].
7. SANKAR, K. and Bouchard A. S., 2009. Enterprise Web 2.0 Fundamentals. Indianapolis: Cisco
Systems, Inc.
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http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com/web-design/[accessed 21 Feb 2010].
9. SHUEN, A., 2008. Web 2.0: A Strategy Guide. Canada: O‟Reilly Media, Inc.
10. SITEBOAD, 2010. Creating a successful web 2.0 business [online]. Available:
http://siteboat.com/creating-a-successful-web-20-business/[accessed 21 Feb 2010].
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http://web2videos.blogspot.com/[accessed 20 Feb 2010].
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Feb 2010].