Post on 11-Apr-2017
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iFour Consultancy
Web Services
Introduction to Web Service SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) WSDL (Web Service Description Language) WSDL Components WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) Advantages of WCF Difference between WCF and Web service WCF Service Components Address Binding Contract REST WEB API
INDEX
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An application that is designed to interact directly with other applications over the internet
In simple sense, Web Services are means for interacting with objects over the Internet The Web service consumers are able to invoke method calls on remote objects by using
SOAP and HTTP over the Web It is language independent and Web Services communicate by using standard web
protocols and data formats, such asHTTPXMLSOAP
Introduction to Web Service
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Flow
Introduction to Web Service (Cont.)
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Advantage:Web Service messages are formatted as XML, a standard way for communication
between two incompatible system. And this message is sent via HTTP, so that they can reach to any machine on the internet without being blocked by firewall
Introduction to Web Service (Cont.)
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SOAP - Simple Object Access Protocol REST - Representation State Transfer
Three ways we can develop web service ASMX Web Service (SOAP) WCF (SOAP /REST) ASP.NET Web API ( REST)
Types of Web service
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SOAP-REST Web service Communication Flow
Web service request and response flow
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Web service Communication Flow
Web service request and response flow Cont.
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Remote function calls that invokes method and executes them on Remote machine and translate the object communication into XML format
In short, SOAP are way by which method calls are translate into XML format and sent via HTTP
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
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SOAP and XML created the solution for the problem that developers were facing before Standard XML based protocol that communicated over HTTP SOAP is message format for sending messaged between applications using XML. It is
independent of technology, platform and is extensible too SOAP and XML to give us connectivity between applications
SOAP (Cont.)
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A Standard by which a web service can tell clients what messages it accepts and which results it will return
Contains every detail regarding using web service and Method and Properties provided by web service and URLs from which those methods can be accessed and Data Types used
The operations and messages are described abstractly, and then bound to a concrete network protocol and message format to define an endpoint
Related concrete endpoints are combined into abstract endpoints (services) It is extensible to allow description of endpoints and their messages regardless of what
message formats or network protocols are used to communicate, however, the only bindings described in this document describe how to use WSDL in conjunction with SOAP
WSDL (Web Service Description Language)
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WSDL Components
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WSDL 1.1 Term WSDL 2.0 Term Description
Service ServiceContains a set of system functions that have been exposed to the Web-based protocols
Port EndpointDefines the address or connection point to a Web service. It is typically represented by a simple HTTP URL string
Binding Binding
Specifies the interface and defines the SOAP binding style (RPC/Document) and transport (SOAP Protocol). The binding section also defines the operations
WSDL Components (Cont.)
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PortType Interface
Defines a Web service, the operations that can be performed, and the messages that are used to perform the operation
Operation Operation
Defines the SOAP actions and the way the message is encoded, for example, "literal." An operation is like a method or function call in a traditional programming language
Message n/a
Typically, a message corresponds to an operation. The message contains the information needed to perform the operation. Each message is made up of one or more logical parts. Each part is associated with a message-typing attributeThe message name attribute provides a unique name among all messages. The part name attribute provides a unique name among all the parts of the enclosing message. Parts are a description of the logical content of a message. In RPC binding, a binding may reference the name of a part in order to specify binding-specific information about the part
Types Types Describes the data. The XML Schema language (also known as XSD) is used (inline or referenced) for this purpose
WSDL Components (Cont.)
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Programming platform and runtime system for building, configuring and deploying network-distributed services
Latest service oriented technology, Interoperability is the fundamental characteristics of WCF
Unified programming model provided in .NET Framework 3.0 Combined feature of Web Service, Remoting, MSMQ and COM+ Provides a common platform for all .NET communication
WCF (Windows Communication Foundation)
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Interoperable with other services when compared to .NET Remoting where the client and service have to be .NET
Provide better reliability and security in compared to ASMX web services. No need to make much change in code for implementing the security model and changing
the binding. Small changes in the configuration will make our requirements Integrated logging mechanism, changing the configuration file settings will provide this
functionality
Advantages of WCF
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Features Web Service WCF
Hosting It can be hosted in IIS It can be hosted in IIS, windows activation service, Self-hosting, Windows service
Programming [WebService] attribute has to be added to the class [ServiceContract] attribute has to be added to the class
Model [WebMethod] attribute represents the method exposed to client [OperationContract] attribute represents the method exposed to client
OperationOne-way, Request- Response are the different operations supported in web service
One-Way, Request-Response, Duplex are different type of operations supported in WCF
XML System.Xml.serialization name space is used for serialization System.Runtime.Serialization namespace is used for serialization
Encoding XML 1.0, MTOM(Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism), DIME, Custom XML 1.0, MTOM, Binary, Custom
Transports Can be accessed through HTTP, TCP, Custom Can be accessed through HTTP, TCP, Named pipes, MSMQ,P2P, Custom
Protocols Security Security, Reliable messaging, Transactions
Difference between WCF and Web service
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A WCF Service is composed of three components : Service Class - It implements some service as a set of methods Host Environment - It can be a Console application or a Windows Service or a Windows Forms
application or IIS as in case of the normal .asmx web service in .NET Endpoints - All communications with the WCF service will happen via the endpoints. The
endpoint is composed of 3 parts (collectively called as ABC's of endpoint) as defines below: Address Binding Contract
WCF Service Components
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The endpoints specify an Address that defines where the endpoint is hosted It’s basically url Example:
http://localhost/WCFServiceSample/Service.svc
Address
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The endpoints also define a binding that specifies how a client will communicate with the service and the address where the endpoint is hosted
Different Bindings supported by WCF:
Binding
Binding DescriptionBasicHttpBinding Basic Web service communication. No security by
defaultWSHttpBinding Web services with WS-* support. Supports
transactionsWSDualHttpBinding Web services with duplex contract and transaction
support
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WSFederationHttpBinding Web services with federated security. Supports transactions
MsmqIntegrationBinding Communication directly with MSMQ applications. Supports transactions
NetMsmqBinding Communication between WCF applications by using queuing. Supports transactions
NetNamedPipeBinding Communication between WCF applications on same computer. Supports duplex contracts and transactions
NetPeerTcpBinding Communication between computers across peer-to-peer services. Supports duplex contracts
NetTcpBinding Communication between WCF applications across computers. Supports duplex contracts and transactions
BasicHttpBinding Basic Web service communication. No security by default
WSHttpBinding Web services with WS-* support. Supports transactions
Binding (Cont.)
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The endpoints specify a Contract that defines which methods of the Service class will be accessible via the endpoint; each endpoint may expose a different set of methods
Different contracts in WCF:Service Contract
It describe the operation that service can provide. For E.g., A Service provide to know the temperature of the city based on the zip code, this service is called as Service contract
It will be created using Service and Operational Contract attributeMessage Contract
Default SOAP message format is provided by the WCF runtime for communication between Client and service
If it is not meeting requirements then we can create our own message format. This can be achieved by using Message Contract attribute
Contract
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Data Contract It describes the custom data type which is exposed to the client. This defines the data types,
which are passed to and from serviceData types like int, string are identified by the client because it is already mention in XML
schema definition language document, but custom created class or data types cannot be identified by the client e.g. Employee data type
By using Data Contract we can make client to be aware of Employee data type that are returning or passing parameter to the method
Fault ContractSuppose the service we consumed is not working in the client application. we want to know the
real cause of the problem. How we can know the error? For this we are having Fault Contract Fault Contract provides documented view for error occurred in the service to client. This helps
us to easy identity, what error has occurred
Contract (Cont.)
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REST stands for ‘Representational State Transfer’ and it is an architectural pattern for creating an API that uses HTTP as its underlying communication method
Almost every device that is connected to the internet already uses HTTP, it is the base protocol that the internet is built on which is why it makes such a great platform for an API
HTTP is a request and response system, a calling client sends a request to an endpoint and the endpoint responds
The client and endpoint can be anything but a typical example is a browser accessing a web server or an app accessing and API
REST
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There are several key implementation details with HTTP that you should be aware of: Resources - REST uses addressable resources to define the structure of the API. These are the URLs you use to get
to pages on the web Example: ‘http://www.microsoft.com/Surface-Pro-3’ is a resource
Request Verbs - A browser typically issues a GET verb to instruct the endpoint it wants to get data, however there are many other verbs available including things like POST, PUT and DELETE
Request Headers - Additional instructions that are sent with the request. These might define what type of response is required or authorization details
Request Body - Data that is sent with the request Example: A POST (creation of a new item) will required some data which is typically sent as the request body in the
format of JSON or XML Response Body - Main body of the response. If the request was to a web server, this might be a full HTML page, if it
was to an API, this might be a JSON or XML document Response Status codes - These codes are issues with the response and give the client details on the status of the
request
REST (Cont.)
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The term API stands for ‘Application Programming Interface’ In the world of web development the term ‘API’ is synonymous with online web services
which client apps can use to retrieve and update data These online services have had several names/formats over the years such as SOAP,
however the current popular choice is to create a REST (or RESTful) API
WEB API
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http://www.tutorialspoint.com/webservices/ http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_services.asp http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/00a8b7/web-service/ https://www.tutorialspoint.com/asp.net/asp.net_web_services.htm
References
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Questions?
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