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WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III WEIGHT LOSS AND DEHYRATION PRACTICES OF DIVISION III
WRESTLERS 2010 WRESTLERS 2010 WRESTLERS 2010 WRESTLERS 2010 WRESTLERS 2010 WRESTLERS 2010 B. Syverson, S. Mackenthun, A. Olson, PhD, RD, LD, M. Campos, PhD,B. Syverson, S. Mackenthun, A. Olson, PhD, RD, LD, M. Campos, PhD,
College of Saint Benedict/St. John’s UniversityCollege of Saint Benedict/St. John’s UniversityCollege of Saint Benedict/St. John’s UniversityCollege of Saint Benedict/St. John’s University
Department of NutritionDepartment of NutritionDepartment of NutritionDepartment of Nutrition
Introduction Results
•Urine osmolalities decreased on the day of competition
Introduction Results
•Wrestlers use dehydration to lose weight before a
meet
•Urine osmolalities decreased on the day of competition
compared to 2-3 days beforemeet
•Restricting food and fluid intake and increasing
physical activity to shed weight
compared to 2-3 days before
•Two days before meet mean osmolality 1017
158 mOsm/L (range 724-1313 mOsm/L)physical activity to shed weight
•Deaths of three colligate wrestlers in 1997 led to a
new NCAA Weight Certification Program to prevent
158 mOsm/L (range 724-1313 mOsm/L)
•Day of competition osmolality 962 207
mOsm/L (range 739-1310 mOsm/L)new NCAA Weight Certification Program to prevent
severe weight loss practices
mOsm/L (range 739-1310 mOsm/L)
•These two osmolalities were not significantly
different different
• Average weight loss 2.09 1.3kg [0.4-4.31 kg]
•No correlation between number of pounds lost and rise in Methods •No correlation between number of pounds lost and rise in
urine osmolalityMethods
•Approval from Institutional Review Board and
informed consent were obtained.
urine osmolality
•Hydration status improved prior to competition: 72% of
wrestlers were significantly dehydrated 2-3 days before a Urine Osmolalities of College Wrestlers at the Beginning informed consent were obtained.
•Division III college wrestlers, ages 18-22 (n=12),
provided urine samples and body weights 2-3 days
wrestlers were significantly dehydrated 2-3 days before a
meet and 68% were on the day of the meet
•Two individuals were seriously dehydrated two days 1400
Urine Osmolalities of College Wrestlers at the Beginning
and End of a Week Prior to a Competitionprovided urine samples and body weights 2-3 days
before and on the day of the meet (before
•Two individuals were seriously dehydrated two days
before the meet, and only one on meet day
•Primary methods for making weight: 1300
1400
Seriously Dehydratedbefore and on the day of the meet (before
competition)
•Four trials were conducted
•Primary methods for making weight:
• Fluid restriction 75%
•Calorie restriction 62.5%1100
1200
1300
Osm
ola
rity
(m
Osm
/L)
Seriously Dehydrated
•Four trials were conducted
•Three day diet records were also collected from
participants and analyzed using Diet Analysis Plus v.8
•Calorie restriction 62.5%
•Excessive exercise 50%900
1000
1100
Osm
ola
rity
(m
Osm
/L)
Significantly Dehydratedparticipants and analyzed using Diet Analysis Plus v.8
•Urine samples analyzed using the Fiske 110
osmometer 700
800
900
Osm
ola
rity
(m
Osm
/L)
Significantly Dehydrated
Total Caloric, Fluid and Protein Intakes 2-3 Days Before osmometer
600
700
Osm
ola
rity
(m
Osm
/L)
Total Caloric, Fluid and Protein Intakes 2-3 Days Before
and on the Day of Competition (n=4)
400
500
600
Osm
ola
rity
(m
Osm
/L)
Minimally Dehydrated Nutrient of
Interest
2-3 Days Before
Competition
Day of
Competition
Body Weight Loss 2-3 Days Prior to Competition and Urine Osmolality the Day of Competition
300
400
1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of
Well HydratedInterest Competition Competition
Total Kilocalories 1849 ± 896 Kcal 1508 ± 9 Kcal
Osmolality the Day of CompetitionSubject Number Weight Loss (kgs) Urine Osmolality
(mOsm/L) 1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of 1-3 Day of
Day of Urine Collection Prior to Competion
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4
Total Kilocalories 1849 ± 896 Kcal 1508 ± 9 Kcal
Total Fluid 2.06 ± 0.7 L 0.87 ±0.6 L
(mOsm/L)0542 0.40 957
2.8 1200 Day of Urine Collection Prior to Competion Total Fluid 2.06 ± 0.7 L 0.87 ±0.6 L
Total Protein 66.5 ± 4 g 63.0 ± 44 g
2.8 12000757 4.09 1007
1.68 1157
ConclusionAcknowledgements
1.68 11579998 2.95 1068
1.54 1310 ConclusionAcknowledgements1.54 13104064 2.72 11011696 4.31 730 •Despite the implementation of the NCAA Wrestler
Weight Certification program , wrestlers are still •The CSB/SJU Undergraduate Research Program.
•Brandon Novak and the Saint John’s University wrestling
1696 4.31 7301096 2.77 10224510 1.72 825
Weight Certification program , wrestlers are still
entering competition significantly dehydrated•Brandon Novak and the Saint John’s University wrestling
team for their participation
•SJU Athletic photographers Dawid Chadowski and John
4510 1.72 8253.31 824
2371 0.60 865 •SJU Athletic photographers Dawid Chadowski and John
Biasi2371 0.60 865
2.40 937