Welcome! Welcome! Introduction to Biochemical Introduction to Biochemical

EngineeringEngineering ((CHE 461.3/861.3)CHE 461.3/861.3)

InstructorInstructor

Dr. C. NiuDr. C. Niu

Chemical EngineeringChemical Engineering

Research AreaResearch Area

• Biosorption:

Use biomaterials to adsorb inorganic (metals) or organic compounds from liquid phase

• Biomaterials: microorganism, food waste,agricultural waste and so on.

Barley straw: (picture courtesy to http://www.graffitisigns.com/)

150 millions tons per year produced in the world.

Wheat straw: (picture courtesy to http://www.art.com)

630 millions tons per year produced in the world.

Ucide cordatus

Crab Cake

Steamed Crab

Treated crab shells able to Treated crab shells able to adsorb gold from aqueous adsorb gold from aqueous

solution!solution!

40mg Au/g40mg Au/g

Batch Fermenter

Biofuel (ethanol) Purification

ChallengesChallenges

In all bioprocesses:

• Improve the productivity

• Reduce the process cost

Processes in BiotechnologyProcesses in Biotechnology

Genetically Engineering

The breakthrough makes it possible to develop effective bioprocess to produce

the products desired for our society.

Demands for EngineersDemands for Engineers

Convert these visions of biologists to reality:

Develop commercial bio-product to benefit our society.

Biochemical Engineering with a potential to become one of the leading fields in chemical engineering.

Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives

To provide a general understanding of the basic concepts of

- microbiology

- biochemistry and genetics

To apply chemical engineering principles to - bioreactor analysis - downstream processing and

bioprocess optimization and control.

ChE 461 ChE 861

Assignments (4) 10 10

Quizzes (1-2) 10 10

Survey 5 -

Term project - 10

Midterm 25 20

Final exam 50 50

Total Mark 100 100

Marking Scheme

Disclaimer: Students should be aware of and follow the new University of Saskatchewan Academic Honesty/Dishonesty definitions, rules and procedures, and the Guidelines for Student Appeals in Academic Matters that are available on the web at www.usask.ca/honesty.

• Notes on the class website

Check regularly the class website!

• Text: Shuler, M.L. and Kargi, F. Bioprocess Engineering, Basic Concepts.Second edition. 2002. Prentice-Hall Inc. (on reserve in the Engineering Library)

• Office hours: email, or drop by my office

http://www.engr.usask.ca/classes/CHE/461/index.html

Introduction of Biochemical Introduction of Biochemical EngineeringEngineering

What is Biochemical Engineering?

DefinitionsDefinitions

• Biochemical engineering: it has usually meant the extension of chemical engineering principles to systems using a biological catalyst to bring about desired chemical transformations.

Definitions Definitions

• Biotechnology - Traditionally, implies the use or development of methods of direct genetic manipulation for a socially desirable product.

- Broadly, “Commercial techniques that use living organisms, or substances from those organism, to make or modify a product…”

(Congress of the United States, 1984)

Definitions Definitions

Fermentation

- Traditionally, defined as the process for the production of alcohol or lactic acid from glucose.

- Broadly, defined as “an enzymatically controlled transformation of organic compound” (Webster’s New College Dictionary)

Typical Bioprocess Typical Bioprocess

Stock culture

Shake flask

Seed fermenter

Raw materials

Medium formulation

Sterilization

Computer controlProduction fermenter

Air

Recovery

Purification Products

Effluent treatment

Microbiology,

biochemistry

Chemical,

engineering

Microorganismcell preparation

Medium preparation

Batch Fermenter

Biochemical Engineering HistoryBiochemical Engineering History

• 5000 to 10,000 BC: yogurt, cheese and soy products,wine and beer.

• In early 20th century: pure bakers yeast were being

produced in tanks and sold.

• In world war I: fermentation was used to produce chemicals needed for war.

• World War II: antibiotics production became on the commercial scale.

• 1970s: recombinant DNA technology

Canadian Innovative Biotech Canadian Innovative Biotech CompaniesCompanies

According to the survey of Statistics Canada every two year:

• 532 innovative biotechnology firms in Canada in 2005

• 9% increase from 496 in Canada in 2003

• 42% increase from 375 in 2001 

• 87% increase from 282 firms in 1997.

Distribution of Biotech Companies

Biotech company searchBiotech company search

• http://www.pulsehr.com/CompanyList.asp

Regulation and organizationRegulation and organization

In pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry,

• Primary concern: to produce a product of consistently high quality in amounts to satisfy the medical needs of the population.

• Secondary concern: to reduce the manufacturing cost.

A future biochemical engineer needs to understand the regulatory climate in which many bioprocess engineers work.

U. S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and its equivalents in other countries