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UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE (UML)

OUTLINES Introduction.Implementation. - class diagrams - Objects - Activity DiagramsAdvantages of UML.Disadvantages of UML.Conclusion.

IntroductionUnified modeling language ( UML ): - specifying, visualizing, constructing, and

documenting all the artifacts of a software system .

It is a family of design notations.It is a specification language that is used in the

software engineering field.The Unified Modeling Language is commonly used

to visualize and construct systems which are software intensive.

- Because software has become much more complex in recent years.

class diagram class diagram is a type of static structure

diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among the classes.

class diagram The class diagram these classes are

representedwith boxes which contain three parts:A class with three sections.1-The upper part holds the name of the class . 2-The middle part contains the attributes of the

class.3-The bottom part gives the methods or

operations the class can take.

VisibilityTo specify the visibility of a class member

(i.e., any attribute or method) these are the following notations that must be placed before the member's name:the Visibility of a Class Members Are:

+ Public - Private # Protected

MultiplicityPlace multiplicity notations near the ends of an

association. These symbols indicate the number of instances of one class linked to one instance of the other class.

use Class Diagram•Describing the static view of the system.•Showing the collaboration among the

elements of the static view.•Describing the functionalities performed by

the system.

WHAT ARE OBJECTS?

‘An abstraction of something in a problem domain, reflecting the capabilities of the system to keep information about it, interact with it, or both’

‘...a concept, abstraction, or thing with crisp boundaries and meaning for the problem at hand.’

Similar in concept to an ‘entity’ but also represent dynamic aspects (behavior) of real world item of interest.

WHERE OBJECTS SIT

ERDs, Classdiagrams

FHDs,prototypes

DFDs, UseCase

diagrams

tables,columns,

rows,objects

Forms,reports,menus

Programs/applications

Datarequirements

Userinterface

requirementsProcess

requirements

DATA INTERFACEPROCESS

REQUIREMENTSANALYSIS

LOGICALDESIGN

CONCEPTUALDESIGN Correspond

with

Operate on Interact with

Correspondwith

Objects represent both static structures (data) and dynamic behavior (process and interface).

Distinction between conceptual and logical layers is effectively removed.

Objects can be grouped (packaged) to represent all three threads.

ADVANTAGES

Natural ways of reflecting the real-world entities manipulated by the system

Handle more complexity:Able to specify operations to manipulate complex structures.

Objects are potentially reusable components Not specific to objects.

Low impedance mismatch with object programming languages

Attributes: which take values that describe characteristics of an object.

Relationships: which link objects (in much the same way as primary and foreign

keys do in a relational database.) Binary association between two objects. Cardinality: 1-1, 1-M, M-M Specified by pairs of traversal paths.

OBJECT PROPERTIES

STUDENT OBJECT CLASS

Chapter 3

Object (ERD)

WHAT ARE ACTIVITY DIAGRAMS

A diagramming technique that models different dynamic aspects of a system.

‘is a unit of work to be carried out’

Represents flow for control required to carry out: High-level business activities. Low-level internal details of an operation.

‘Essentially a flowchart, showing flow of control from activity to activity’.

PURPOSE

Represent high level view of business activities: Describing workflows in the development of a business model. Visualize the workflow of a business use case.

Describe dynamic complex behavior of an object.

Describe the flow within an individual operation.

Complement interaction diagrams: Recall difference in perspective.

Document development tasks performed by development organization.

ADVANTAGES Able to describe complex flows and use cases.

Can identify pre- and post- conditions for use cases.

Relatively simple to construct and interpret.

Can be used at different times in development process: Analysis business activities Design operation flow

Can be presented to stakeholders for checking and confirmation.

PRODUCING A BOOK EXAMPLE

1. Author writes chapter.2. Reviewer reviews chapter.3. Author revises chapter.4. If book not complete:

author writes another chapter.5. If book complete:

typesetter typesets book.6. Author corrects proofs.7. Typesetter resets book.8. Printer prints book.

PRODUCING A BOOK DIAGRAM

Write chapter

Review chapter

Revise chapter

Typeset book

Correct proofs

Reset book

Print book

[book complete]

[book incomplete]

ReviewerAuthor Typesetter Printer

Advantages of UML

You can model just about any type of application. 

UML is effective for modeling large, complex software.

It is simple to learn for most developers, but provides systems .

advanced features for expert analysts, designers and architects.

It can specify systems in an implementation-independent manner

disadvantage :

It takes a lot of time to keep the diagram reasonable and synchronized with the actual code. UML diagrams don't run, but require a lot of time. So they are good only if your organization size can manage them .

You cannot represent every condition in a sequence diagram. It's impossible if you want to deliver. So state diagrams should convey basic facts, not all the possible outcomes.

Good UML software costs money and it takes some time to master properly.

Conclusion.It is useful clear and easy to used for

describing the static view of system.Reflecting the real-world entities .Standard software development.