Post on 19-Dec-2015
transcript
Welcome to
Retreat 2010
Center of Biomedical Research Excellence inIntegrated Nutrition and Metabolic Processes
Introduction to
The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in
Integrated Nutrition and Metabolic Processes
Concetta C. DiRusso, Ph.D.Department of Nutrition and Health Science
Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska - Lincoln
Why has food been villanized?
“Our menu is divided into three sections: Cancer causing foods, artery clogging foods,
and foods that are being boycotted for political reasons.”
(*BMI 30)
Hispanic
State-specific Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, 2006-2008
White non-Hispanic
Black non-Hispanic
Health Consequences of Obesity
* Coronary heart disease and Stroke
* Type 2 diabetes
* Cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon)
* Hypertension
* Dyslipidemia (high total cholesterol or triglycerides)
* Liver and Gallbladder disease
* Sleep apnea and respiratory problems
* Osteoarthritis
* Immune dysfunction
Adipose tissue doesn't respond to insulinSends out toxic compounds:
High levels of fatty acidsSignals of inflammation, “Adipokines”
1Obesity
5Atherosclerosis
Muscle
Muscle doesn't respond to insulinBurns fatty acids but also stores fat Blood glucose levels rise
2
Pancreas
Pancreas tries to make more insulin but is confused by both high glucose and high free fatty acids in blood. Cells begin to die from toxic fat and “adipokines”
4Liver responds to high blood glucose levels
Makes more fatMakes more cholesterolStops clearing cholesterolMakes blood clotting factors
3Liver
*
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and implications. Stickel and Hellerbrand Online version Gut 2010;59:1303-1307
Cancer
The “thrifty genotype” hypothesis
According to the "thrifty genotype" hypothesis, the same genes that helped our ancestors survive occasional famines are now being challenged by environments in which food is plentiful year round.
Genetics
Yourka, et al PNAS October 19, 2010 vol. 107 pp. 18226-18231
Normal Weight Obese
Gastric Bypass
Observed shifts in gut microbial populations with obesity
Biomedical research
Metabolic engineering, production
and marketing of food
Education, behavioral
science, epidemiology
Improved health
outcomes and quality
of life
A New Paradigm for Nutrition-related Disease Research
Integrate Collaborate Translate
“Strengthening and diversifying the pool of researchers who are dedicated to understanding and ameliorating obesity and its many adverse outcomes is a priority for NIH.
This commitment includes attracting and training a cadre of researchers with a wide range of knowledge and skills, such as expertise in the basic, clinical, behavioral, and social sciences...”
NIH Obesity Research Task Forcestrategic plan:
[1] Expand the biomedical infrastructure to link research on nutrition, biofortification of foods, and healthy eating practices;
[2] Increase the research profile
[3] Build research infrastructure
[4] Mentor talented young faculty to become prominent members of the scientific community
The objectives of the CINMP for NU
Acquisition of independent NIH or other major federal funding
Publication of manuscripts in prominent peer-reviewed journals
Active participation in professional societies
Service on peer-review panels and editorial boards
Speaking at national and international scientific conferences
Mentoring students and post-doctoral fellows
The objective of mentoring is to guide success in tenure track faculty line particularly in research
Support within the CINMP
[1] Strong mentorship team composed of internationally recognized NU faculty led by a dedicated director
[2] External advisory board made up of outstanding leaders in the fields of biomedical, nutrition, and behavioral research
[3] Robust institutional commitment and support
“I'm a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work the more I have of it.” Thomas Jefferson
Gut microbiology and immunology
Hepatic and gastrointestinal metabolism and metabolic regulation
Biofortification of foods through breeding and genetic engineering
Population based interventions in nutritional practices
CINMP Phase I Focus Areas
Possible CINMP Phase II Focus Area Expansion
Nutrient-to-Neuronal signaling and regulation [gut-hypothalamic axis]
Dietary influences on cardiovascular fitness and performance
Genetics/epigenetics of obesity and comorbidities
microRNAs in regulation of nutrient-dependent gene expression
Nutritional enhancement for improved digestion and absorption
Population based interventions in nutritional practices
Formulating a Budget
Total budget cannot exceed $1.5 Million per year for 5 years
Core facilities [Computational and Translational]
Administrative core
Projects
Mentor Stipends
External Advisory Board Members travel and honorarium
Symposia, website, outreach
Seed Grants
Vice Chancellor for Research,
Prem Paul
CINMP Director, Concetta DiRusso
Terry T-K Huang,
Co-investigator
Edgar Cahoon, Co-investigator
Melanie Simpson
Andrew Benson
Paul N. Black
Jennifer Larsen
Thomas Clemente
External Advisory
Board
Mentoring TeamLeadership Team Project Investigators
DeansChairs
Project 1Edward Harris
Project 2Jens Walter
Project 3Daniel Peterson
Project 4Phyllis Nsiah-Kumi
Project 5[Biofortification of food
crops]
CINMP Human Resources
Peterson
Walter
HarrisHire 1
Nsaih-Kumi
Team 1 New Investigators
Immunology
Microbiology
Biochemistry
Metabolism
AgriEngineering
Behavioral Science
CINMP: Broadening and Integrating Its Impact
Innovation Campus
Public Policy
Educ
ation
Extension
Basic Science
Business and
Marketing
Education and
Outreach
Public Private
Partnerships
Translational Research
AFRI CoBRE
REUT32
IGERT
RO1, P01NSF, USDA,
others
Biomedical and
epidemiological research
Plant metabolic
engineering
Education, production
and marketing
Improved health
outcomes
CINMP: Research expansion and longevity of the Center