Post on 20-Jan-2020
transcript
Wes
twar
d Ex
pans
ion
Befo
re
the
Civi
l War
Timeli
ne Ca
rds
Subj
ect M
atte
r Exp
ert
J. Chri
s Arnd
t, PhD
De
partm
ent o
f Hist
ory, Ja
mes M
adiso
n Univ
ersity
Tony
Willi
ams, S
enior
Teac
hing F
ellow
, Bill
of Rig
hts In
stitut
e
Illus
trat
ion
and
Phot
o Cre
dits
Title
Boon
e’s Fir
st View
of Ke
ntuck
y, 184
9 (oil
on ca
nvas)
, Ran
ney, W
illiam
Tyl
ee (1
813–
57) /
Ameri
can M
useu
m of
Weste
rn Ar
t - Th
e Ans
chutz
Co
llecti
on, D
enve
r, Colo
rado,
USA /
Bridg
eman
Imag
es
Introd
uctio
n, Ca
rd 1
Tyler
Pack
Introd
uctio
n, Ca
rd 2
Tyler
Pack
Introd
uctio
n, Ca
rd 3
Brya
n Beu
s
ISBN: 978-1-68380-225-9
Chap
ter 1
Boon
e’s Fir
st View
of Ke
ntuck
y, 184
9 (oil
on ca
nvas)
, Ran
ney, W
illiam
Tyl
ee (1
813–
57) /
Ameri
can M
useu
m of
Weste
rn Ar
t - Th
e Ans
chutz
Co
llecti
on, D
enve
r, Colo
rado,
USA /
Bridg
eman
Imag
es
Chap
ter 2,
Card
1 Du
stin M
acka
y
Chap
ter 2,
Card
2 Du
stin M
acka
y
Chap
ter 3,
Card
1 Tec
umseh
(176
8–18
13) (
colou
red e
ngrav
ing),
Ameri
can
Scho
ol,
(19th
centu
ry) / P
rivate
Colle
ction
/ Pete
r New
ark Am
erica
n Pict
ures /
Bri
dgem
an Im
ages
Chap
ter 3,
Card
2 Ba
ttle o
f Tipp
ecan
oe, p
ub. 1
889
(han
d co
loured
litho
), Am
erica
n Sc
hool,
(19th
centu
ry) / P
rivate
Colle
ction
/ The
Stap
leton
Colle
ction
/ Bri
dgem
an Im
ages
Chap
ter 4
Huds
on Ri
ver S
teamb
oat ‘C
lermo
nt’, 1
858 (
w/c o
n pap
er mo
unted
on
canv
as), W
itt, R
ichard
Varic
k De (
1800
–68)
/ Co
llecti
on of
the
New-
York
Histor
ical S
ociet
y, USA
/ Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 5,
Card
1 Sh
ari Da
rley G
riffith
s
Chap
ter 5,
Card
2 Th
e Be
st Fri
end
of Ch
arlest
on, f
rom ‘T
he H
istory
of O
ur Co
untry
’, pu
blish
ed 19
05 (l
itho),
Ame
rican
Scho
ol, (2
0th ce
ntury)
/ Pri
vate
Colle
ction
/ Pho
to ©
Ken W
elsh /
Bridg
eman
Imag
es
Chap
ter 6,
Card
1 Po
rtrait
of O
sceola
(18
04–3
8) (
oil o
n ca
nvas)
, Catl
in, G
eorge
(1
796–
1872
) / Pr
ivate
Colle
ction
/ Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 6,
Card
2 Jac
ob W
yatt
Chap
ter 7,
Card
1 Th
e Last
Stan
d at t
he Al
amo,
6th M
arch 1
836 (
colou
r litho
) Wye
th,
Newe
ll Co
nvers
(188
2–19
45) /
Priv
ate C
ollec
tion
/ Bri
dgem
an
Imag
es
Chap
ter 7,
Card
2 M.
& J.
Mille
r/age
fotos
tock/S
upers
tock
Chap
ter 8
Kristi
n Kwa
n
Chap
ter 10
, Card
1 Sa
lt La
ke Ci
ty in
1850
, from
‘Ame
rican
Pict
ures’,
publi
shed
by T
he
Relig
ious T
ract S
ociet
y, 18
76 (e
ngrav
ing),
Engli
sh S
choo
l, (1
9th
centu
ry) /
Priva
te Co
llecti
on /
Photo
© K
en W
elsh
/ Brid
gema
n Im
ages
Chap
ter 10
, Card
2 Ca
liforni
a gold
rush
, Dou
ghty,
C.L.
(191
3–85
) / Pr
ivate
Colle
ction
/ ©
Look
and L
earn
/ Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
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WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
IntroductionAs early as c. 30,000–c. 15,000 BCE, people lived as hunter-gatherers in North America.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
IntroductionOver a period of thousands of years, as the ice sheets melted, people spread out over the land and settled on it.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
IntroductionIn 1607 CE, England established its first permanent colony in North America at Jamestown, in what would become Virginia.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
IntroductionIn 1776, during the American Revolution, the thirteen English colonies declared their independence from Great Britain.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable rights, that among these are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 1: Daniel Boone
Big Question: What were some of the reasons why so many people wanted to move west?
In 1769, after years of searching, Daniel Boone and his companions came upon the Cumberland Gap, which led through the Appalachian Mountains. The trail that later developed through this pass and westward was called the Wilderness Trail.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 2: Exploring the Louisiana Territory
Big Question: How might Lewis and Clark’s expedition and findings have helped the United States government?
In 1804, Lewis and Clark set out to explore the Louisiana Territory.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 2: Exploring the Louisiana Territory
Big Question: How might Lewis and Clark’s expedition and findings have helped the United States government?
In 1805, Sacagawea joined the Lewis and Clark “Corps of Discovery” to assist in translating and communicating with Native Americans.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 3: Native Americans Resist
Big Question: Why was it a struggle for Native Americans to hold onto their land?
From 1811–1813, the Shawnee chief Tecumseh tried unsuccessfully to unite Native American nations to battle settlers as they pushed further westward and occupied the lands inhabited by the Native Americans.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 3: Native Americans Resist
Big Question: Why was it a struggle for Native Americans to hold onto their land?
In 1811, the brother of Shawnee chief Tecumseh led a Shawnee attack that started the Battle of Tippecanoe. The Shawnee were defeated by the U.S. Army, sent by Governor Harrison.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 4: Improvements in Transportation
Big Question: What were the advantages of traveling by steamboat rather than by stagecoach?
In 1807, Robert Fulton’s steamboat, the Clermont, made the trip from New York City to Albany much faster than a horse-drawn wagon could.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 5: Canals and Railroads
Big Question: What drove the need for better forms of transportation?
The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 led to a significant increase in trade, with much cheaper shipping costs.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 5: Canals and Railroads
Big Question: What drove the need for better forms of transportation?
Though early railroad travel was sometimes a challenge, travel by rail became increasingly popular during the 1830s–1840s, thanks to the decrease in travel time.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 6: Land, Land, and More Land
Big Question: What was Manifest Destiny?
In 1836, Osceola, an influential leader in the Seminole tribe, led the resistance against advances by the U.S. Army in Florida. He was taken prisoner in 1837 and died a year later.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 6: Land, Land, and More Land
Big Question: What was Manifest Destiny?
From 1838–1839, thousands of Native Americans died as they were forced to walk to western Indian Territory along the Trail of Tears.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 7: Texas Joins the Union
Big Question: What was the main reason the Texans and the Mexicans went to war against each other?
In 1836, Mexican general Santa Anna led an attack against the Texas rebels who sought shelter in the Alamo, an abandoned Spanish mission. All of the Alamo’s defenders were killed.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 7: Texas Joins the Union
Big Question: What was the main reason the Texans and the Mexicans went to war against each other?
In 1836, Texans declared their independence from Mexico. However, it was not until General Sam Houston defeated General Santa Anna and his troops at the Battle of San Jacinto months later that Mexico promised to withdraw its army.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 8: Oregon
Big Question: Why did settlers set off for Oregon, and what was different about the way they moved west along the Oregon Trail?
During the 1840s–1850s, wagon trains on the Oregon Trail snaked their way across the landscape.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 9: War with Mexico
Big Question: Why did President Polk seek to gain land that belonged to Mexico?
In 1846–1847, America waged war with Mexico to take over Mexican land, including most of present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and large parts of present-day Wyoming, New Mexico, and Colorado.
Westward Expansion by 1853
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Arkansas River
Nueces River
Missouri River
Rio Grande
Ohio River
Columbia River
Sna
k e R iver
Lake SuperiorLake Michigan
Lake Huron
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Boston
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40° N
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United Statesin 1783Texas
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Canada
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Russia
Alaska1867 Canada
160° W 150° W 140° W
60° N
70° N
0 500 miles
Hawaii1898
160° W
20° N
155° W
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WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 10: Settling the Far West
Big Question: How do the experiences of the Mormons who moved west compare with those of the people who flocked to California?
The Mormons moved west to escape religious persecution. In 1847, they founded the “City of Saints” in Utah, known today as Salt Lake City.
WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 10: Settling the Far West
Big Question: How do the experiences of the Mormons who moved west compare with those of the people who flocked to California?
Many people went to California during the gold rush of 1848–1849.