What are Appropriate Border Surveillance Technologies?

transcript

Dr. Stephen Lee, Chief Scientist

U.S. Army Research Offi ce

SEPTEMBER 16, 2014 • PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA

United States – South AfricaBorder Surveillance Technology

Cooperation Symposium

Dr. Stephen Lee, Chief ScientistU.S. Army Research Office

Agenda

• U.S. ARO Overview• Counter Poaching Perspective• Projects Being investigated• Observations

U.S. Army Research OfficeOverview

• Utilize the vast intellectual capital of our nation’s universities to:

• Exploit scientific opportunities for revolutionary new Army capabilities

• Drive science to develop solutions to existing Army technology needs

• Accelerate transition of basic research

• Strengthen university, industry, government partnerships

• Educate and train the future S&E workforce for the Army

Research ranges from atom optics for underground bunker/tunnel detection to nano-energetics for more powerful and insensitive

munitions and propellants

• 293 Institutes of higher learning • 1093 Individual investigators • 47 Research centers

Chemistry Computing and

Info Science Electronics Environmental Life Sciences

Materials Mathematics Mechanics Network Science Nanoscience Physics

Research Thrusts

U.S. Army Research OfficeOrganization

Director

EngineeringSciences

PhysicalSciences

OperationsDirectorate

InformationSciences

SupportManagement Physics Mechanical

SciencesMathematical

Science

InformationManagement Chemistry Materials

ScienceComputational

Sciences

AcquisitionCenter

LifeSciences Electronics Network

Sciences

EnvironmentalSciences

OutreachPrograms

Military Deputy

Chief Scientist

Legal Counsel

Special Assistant

ARO executes the majority of ARL’s university research

~ 100 employees at RTP, NC

44 PhD Program Managers

U.S. Army Research OfficeInternational Cooperation

Perspective:The U.S. Army Faces Similar Challengesto those of Counter Poaching Activities

ONE of 1,000+ in South Africa in 2013

CounterNarcotics

Organized

Terrorism

Cross-BorderSanctuaries

Infiltration

Large AreaSurveillance

Small Unit ConflictMoney Laundering

Smuggling

AdvancedWeapons

ChemicalWeapons

Inadequate

Budgets

Guerilla Tactics

Command &

Control

Own the NightIntelligence

Border Control Gate/PortalControl

CounterInsurgency

Friendly ForceTracking

To Win, we need to get ahead of the ActTo Win, we need to get ahead of the Act

Counter Improvised Explosive Device

Counter Poaching

Acquire & Store

Transport

BombBuilder

Transport Device

Concealment

Detonation

The Act

AcquireTrain

Recruit

Infiltrate

Organized Crime / State-sponsored Corruption

Poachers

LocalHandlers

LocalTransport

NationalTransport

InternationalTransport Manufacturers Suppliers

Consumers

Poaching Supply Chain

Counter PoachingR&D Technical Framework

IndigenousInitiated

Poachers

LocalHandlers

LocalTransport

NationalTransport

IndigenousInitiated

Night Vision

UAVs, Aerostats Dyes

Unattended Sensors GPS Tags

Horse-Dog Teams Ethnographic Analysis

RFID Proximity Tags Forward-Deployed Forensic Labs

Consumers

PoachingPoaching

Poachers

LocalHandlers

LocalTransport

NationalTransport

Contraband Detectors

GPS Tags & Seals

Beef Test

IndigenousInitiated

Consumers

TransportationTransportation

Poachers

LocalHandlers

LocalTransport

NationalTransport

EthnographicAnalysis

IndigenousInitiated

Consumers

ConsumerConsumer

Counter Poaching Funding StatusU.S. Army R&D Technical InitiativesCounter Poaching Funding StatusU.S. Army R&D Technical Initiatives

Current Funding StatusFunded

Partially Funded **

Contraband Detectors

GPS Tags & Seals

Beef Test

Demonstrations of existing Army Technologies & Systems **

Poachers

LocalHandlers

LocalTransport

NationalTransport

IndigenousInitiated

Consumers

Night Vision

UAVs, Aerostats Dyes

Unattended Sensors ** GPS Tags

Horse-Dog Teams Ethnographic Analysis

RFID Proximity Tags Forward-Deployed Forensic Labs

EthnographicAnalysis

Contraband DetectionRhino Horn Sensing

Supported by U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and White Oak

Prototype Beef TestDiscriminate Game Meat

ObjectiveTo develop and field test a rapid analysis tool (~2 hours) to discriminate between “beef” and game meat to interdict poaching

Draw a Genetic Line

Positive on test identifies Cattle (Bos Taurus) or Zebu (Bos Indicus) or hybrids

Negative on test indicatesNOT Cattle (Bos Taurus) and NOT Zebu (Bos Indicus). Further laboratory testing is required to identify species.

Unattended SensorsDoppler Radar for ID & Tracking

rScene®Micro RadarClassificationAlgorithms

Supported by NC Zoo and MCQ Inc.

Unattended SensorsDoppler Radar for ID & Tracking

Supported by NC Zoo and MCQ Inc.

ElephantRhino

• Objective to develop and field test a system for monitoring and tracking people, vehicles, and target animals.

• Distinct animal signatures collected.• Each radar can monitor an area of

approximately 100 by 300m• Radar can be complemented with seismic,

acoustic, magnetic, and cameras

Final ObservationsFinal Observations

Dr. Stephen LeeChief Scientist

U.S. Army Research Office

stephen.j.lee28.civ@mail.mil

919-549-4365

P.O. Box 12211

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

USA 27709-2211

www.aro.army.mil

ObservationsObservations

What are Appropriate Border Surveillance Technologies?

Education