Post on 25-Dec-2015
transcript
What are the major elements of a map?
• Scale• Conventional
signs• Grid reference• Title
Scale• Scale 1:20,000• 1cm = 20,000cm = 200m =
0.2km• 1:20,0005 cm 10 cm
X1:
20,0001:
10
5
27
28
29
12 13 14
Grid reference
Grid square 1328
Grid reference
What does a map tell us?
•location•land use•relief•communication•drainage•vegetation
Favourable conditionscontour
Swamp Fluvial sand
Motorway, railway
Coastal location
Flat land, space for expansion
Cheap land formed naturally
Good transport
Facilitates import and export
Environmental problems• Oil refinery(710950)• Accidental oilspill, leakage• Affect wildlife of the neighbouring ar
ea• Extension sedimentation found alon
g the lower course of the R. Neath ( ) and the shore
• Imply low water energy
• Cannot flush away pollutant coming from the factories
• Industrial areas are found quite near to other urban uses
• e.g. NW of Port Tabort• e.g. the steel works to the west of M
argam• Cause air and noise pollution
• Industrial development impair the recreational activities
• e.g. golf course at 723934• beach along the coastal sand• Air pollutants concentrate in the con
stricted Neath River Valley• Onshore winds pass over industrial a
rea enter Neath River Valley
Intra-urban location
Harbour C.B.D.
river
City boundary
Railway
1:2,000,000A
A
A B B
B
C
C
C
C D
D
D
D
Group A : • Locate near to C.B.D.• they have strong linkages with central
business• e.g. Printing, office machines• market is the whole of the city and its
immediate hinterland. e.g. newspaper• They usually occupy small area therefore
they can bear the high unit rent• Inertia is also one of the reason of
location
Group B : • Water-front location• Port facilities related e.g. ship repairing• Easy import and export by water transport• Involve heavy and bulky raw materials and
productse.g. oil refinery• raw materials brought from other regions
or overseas are needed • Heavy industries• Cheap coastal lowland• Industrial inertia
Group D : • Locate on the urban fringe or suburb• there is much space • and the rent and rates are lower • Industries which involve long
production line are space consuming • newly developed industrial estates or
industrial park• Offensive industries / pollution• Relocated from inner urban• e.g. cement, food processing
Group C :
• Random location• Footloose industries• No strong location pull
Creating Flatland• grid square 1326 – reclaim land from sea• because the site is shallow water and
sheltered• Grid square 1325 - leveling of the round
top hill• because it is lower in height and easier to
be removed, • and the rocks / debris can be easily
transported to the bay for reclamation
Impact on physical environment• Destruction of woodland and the scenic spot on
the round top hill• Destruction of the beach• Reclamation of the bay and cutting down of the
round top hill• Create a lot of dust• Polluting the sea water and the river• Generating harmful effect on the zone of marine
fish culture• Generating a lot of noise
Impact on socio-economic environment
• No more holiday makers come here• The services relating to visitors would
be seriously affected• The local residents would be forced to
change their jobs and move houses• The income from marine fish culture
would be seriously affected • The village would be demolished
Proposed industrial estate • grid square 1326 and 1426• southwest is the prevailing wind,
the site is on the downwind sidethe strong offshore current could help to drain away the industrial waste from the factories to the open sea
Support development• appreciation of land value• more job opportunities• a better living standard in the future• improving communication network
with the city centre• better facilities and infrastructure•
Against development• the natural environment would be
destroyed• the existing business concerning
holiday makers and marine fish culture would be the seriously affected
• the environment familiar to the local inhabitants would be changed
• the lifestyle would also be changed• the village would be demolished •