What do you know about cells? Q: How many cells are in the human body?

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What do you know about cells?

What do you know about cells?Q: How many cells are in the human

body?A: About 100 trillion

Q: How many different types of cell are there in the human body?

A: About 210

What do you know about cells?Q: How many of your cells die each

minute?

minute?A: About 300 million

Q: What are the largest and smallest cells in the human body?

A: The largest is the female egg (oocyte), the smallest is the male sperm. (it take about

175 000 to weigh as much as one egg)

What do cells need to do?

What do cells need to do? Intake and store nutrients Grow Respond to stimuli Exchange gases Remove waste material Reproduce

What do cells need to do? Intake and store nutrients Grow Respond to stimuli Exchange gases Remove waste material ReproduceEach cell must do all these things to

survive. We wouldn’t survive if they didn’t

Cell Theory

Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork.

Cell Theory

Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork. He also observed that:

1. All living things are comprised of cells.2. Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an

organisms.3. Cells come from previously existing cells

This is called the Cell Theory

Cell Diversity

Lots of shapes and sizes

Typical Cell

Cell Organization

The cell includes two basic parts:

1. Cell Membrane (outer covering of cell)

2. Cytoplasm Cytosol (fluid portion of the

cytoplasm) Organelles (cell “organs” or

functional parts)

Cell Membrane

Outer boundary of cell Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat) Regulates what goes in and out of

cell Proteins give the cell its unique

“personality” or function

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Is comprised of:

1. Cytosol (fluid portion of the

cytoplasm)

2. Organelles (cell “organs” or

functional parts)

Organelles

1. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) A network of membrane-bound

tunnels throughout the cytoplasm

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Particles attached to ER are ribosomes.

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis within every cell.

Golgi Apparatus

Flattened membranes Involved in packaging and secretion

of proteins

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Bean shaped organelle where cellular respiration takes place.

Mitochondria

Bean shaped organelle where cellular respiration takes place.

Glucose + Oxygen > CO2 + Water + Energy

Nucleus

Control center of cell Contains DNA/chromosomes Genetic repository for ~ 35,000

genes Genes control the synthesis of

proteins in each cell. Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus. Skeletal muscle cells have multiple

nuclei.

Vacuole

Storage areas in cells Really big in plant cells, much

smaller in animal cells Usually called “vesicles” in animal

Vacuole – plant cell

Vacuole – animal cell

Plant and Animal Cells

Organelles found in both plant and animal cells.

Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Vacuole E.R. Golgi bodies

Plant and Animal Cells

Organelles found in both plant and animal cells.

Centioles Mitochondrion Ribosomes Nucleolus

Plant cells ONLY

Chloroplast – where photosynthesis takes place.

Plant cells ONLY

CO2 + water + sunlight > glucose + O2

Plant cells ONLY

CO2 + water + sunlight > glucose + O2

Plant cells ONLY

Cell Wall – The structure that surrounds the cell membrane. It protects the cell and maintains shape

Plant cells ONLY

Cell Wall – The structure that surrounds the cell membrane. It protects the cell and maintains shape

The End

What do you know about cells? Q: How many cells are in the human body?

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