Post on 22-Jan-2016
transcript
What does the future hold for improving reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle?
Matt LucyAnimal Reproductive Biology Group
Division of Animal SciencesUniversity of Missouri-Columbia, USA
Highlights from the past• Methods and application of artificial
insemination.• Products and programs for synchronization
of estrus and timed AI.• Ultrasound and PAGs (blood test) for
pregnancy diagnosis.• Genetic testing and genetic selection for
fertility.• Methods and application of advanced
embryo technologies.
2012
Ever-Green-View My 1326-ET Waldo, Wisconsin USA February 2010
32,805 kg of milk* 1,267 kg fat974 kg protein365 d lactation
*3-times average US cow in 2010
Innovations of the past decade• Highly Effective Synch Programs for Cows
–Presynch Ovsynch–G6G–5 day Cosynch 72–Double Ovsynch
• Highly effective Resynch Programs for cows
Innovations of the past decade:CIDR approval for
lactating dairy cows
July 29, 2003
Innovations of the past decade: Improved systems for automated
estrus detection
Innovations of the past decade: Gender selected semen
Innovations of the past decade: Better and more portable ultrasounds
Innovations of the past decade: Blood pregnancy tests
Förster Technik: FT Multilyser
DeLaval: Herd Navigator
Innovations of the past decade: Automated Milk Progesterone Testing
Innovations of the past decade: Introduction of Daughter Pregnancy Rate
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1984 1994 2000 2003 2006
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Fat yield
Protein yield
Productive life
Functional
DPR
Innovations of the past decade: Introduction of Daughter Pregnancy Rate
Innovations of the past decade: Sequencing of the bovine genome
Fertility markers on chromosome 18Price et al. (2010)
Innovations of the past decade: Bovine SNP chips and
the identification of fertility markers
Innovations of the past decade: DNA marker based genetics
The Microbiome• 9 out of 10 cells in the body are microbial• The gut contains at least 1000 species• Most are commensal (not pathogenic)• Differences between cows and herds may
be explained by differences in their microbiomes.
Science December 17, 2010
What about the future?
• Climate change and air pollution
• Water depletion and pollution
• Biodiversity
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
What about the future?Artificial insemination
• More units per sire– Sperm production– Sperm dilution
• On-farm storage• Lifespan inside the
female tract• Gender selected sperm
Presynch-Ovsynch-Resynch
P P G P G AI G P G AIPD
What about the future?Return to estrus
Time to confront the monster!
What about the future?Return to estrus
Figure 1 from Senger (1994) J. Dairy Sci. 77:2745-2753
Electronic methods for estrus detection
(Senger 1994)
• Continuous surveillance
• Automatic ID• Lifetime operation• Minimal labor• Accurate in
identifying cows in estrus
Is there another way?
Detection of estrous behavior Detection of approaching ovulation in the absence of estrous behavior (biochemical test)
Detection of estrous behavior Detection of approaching ovulation in the absence of estrous behavior (biochemical test)
Detection of estrous behavior
Detection of approachingovulation in the absence of estrous behavior(biochemical test)
What about the future?Time for some new tools!
Progesterone (Trimberger and Hansel, 1955)
55 T-bird
What about the future?Time for some new tools!
PGF2α (Lauderdale, 1972)
What about the future?Time for some new tools!
GnRH (Cystorelin approved, 1986)
86 Mustang
What about the future?Recombinant gonadotropins (LH and FSH)
hCG pFSH
Human Genome Project10th anniversary – 2011
• 3 billion base pairs• 10 years draft sequence• 13 years completed
sequence• $2.7 billion
Commercial Whole Genomic DNA SequencingComplete Genomics, Mountain View, CA, USA
What about the future?DNA marker based genetics
Redefining high fertility
Now is the time to define “high fertility”!
Pregnant after an observed in estrus and AI
Pregnant after a timed AI
Now is the time to define “high fertility”!
Pregnant after an observed in estrus and AI
• Cycling before breeding period• Uterus released PGF2α• Follicle grew; produced
adequate estradiol• Behavioral centers responded to
estradiol and cow expressed detectable estrus.
• Pituitary released an LH surge.• Artificial insemination• Follicle ovulated, CL formed.• Pregnancy!
Now is the time to define “high fertility”!
Pregnant after a timed AI
• Cycling before breeding period• Uterus released PGF2α• Follicle grew; produced
adequate estradiol• Behavioral centers responded to
estradiol and cow expressed detectable estrus.
• Pituitary released an LH surge.• Artificial insemination• Follicle ovulated, CL formed.• Pregnancy!
Which cow scores better for DPR?
Pregnant after an observed in estrus and AI
Pregnant after a timed AI
Which cow is the best cow for the future?
Pregnant after an observed in estrus and AI
Pregnant after a timed AI
Which cow is the best cow for the future?
Pregnant after an observed in estrus and AI
Pregnant after a timed AI
Thank you!