What is journalism?

Luigi Albertini, Editor in chief of

“Corriere della Sera

“It is better than working”

What do Journalists do?

• To inform

and

• to comment

Search and investigation

• Willi Kinnigheit: “Searching is more important than writing” and “is a journalistic activity belonging to the most interesting tasks”.

Information on facts first

• Public wants information first

• Your opinion in second level

• Or straight to an editorial

Archives and record

• Folders with printed material

• Digital in your PC of central Database

Search and/or investigate before events

• Press conference, interviews and other journalistic meetings.

• In making report on politics/politicians archives and records are a powerful tools you gat ready to “fight” against contradiction, discrepancy and lies.

• Take time for keeping archives updated and to search/investigate.

Formulating, Drawing up and Editing

Forms of expression: News Report –Article Reportage Interview Survey - [opinion] poll Commentary, Opinion, Statement Ironic comment [ary] (Glosse in de) Editorial –Leading article

Selecting in Editing

• Chousing - Select

• Working on the text

• Presenting (the material)

Presentation

• Newspaper

• Radio

• TV

• Internet

Organizing and Planning

• Team work and management: a Must today.

• Growing need of contact with public – audience.

• Readers’ letters > “Ombuds-Editor”

• www.

• Editorial departments’ Conference

• Contacts with freelances

New editorial departments models

• Newsroom: centralized system where all the heads of departments meet to coordinate journalistic activity

• News desk: cross-medial work

Fields of work of journalist

Press Wireless BRIT (Rundfunk de) * Radio * Television Online Media Cross-media work New-agency Communication office Communication & PR

Press

Press Daily papers (published at least tow times a week) Weekly papers – Magazines Sunday papers Boulevard papers Specialized papers Advertisement papers About 2/3 of the journalist work in in local papers, mainly in

countries with regional and federal structure.

Radio

• Radio is the fastest media

• It stirs fantasy in the mind of listeners who generate in him/her images with an identity stringer that in TV

• Radio journalist needs to “chat” both in studio and on the phone

• “Radiophone” thinking

•

Television

• Towards a one-man team based on digital systems

Online media

• A vertical trend WeblogFoto or VideocommunitiesYouTube

• In Germany about 3.000 online journalists

plus about the same number of online-PR.

Thousands of crossmedial journalists

Crossmadial work

• Newsroom

• Newsdesk

• Half of the editorial departments in Germany work weith Newsroom or Newsdesk model

News agency

• Important source, providing more and more services in addition to news.

Communication office

• Public institutions

• Private large companies

• Associations

• Limited in objectivity?

Communication & PR

• Networking

• Style

• Organization

Departments (Ressorts de)

• Politic• foreign news ( • Culture• Regional• Local• Economy• Sport• Special area: fashion, children,….………………Europe?

Crossmadial teams

• From “Ghetto principle to team work

• High politic <> low local ?

85 % of the readers read local part and regional papers

Journalist and his/her story. How?

• Three stages.

1. Idea

2. Deepening the topic

3. Writing the text

Search, investigation…• A journalist is no Deputy Public Prosecutor

• In investigating, ask, ask, and ask!

• Crate an atmosphere to facilitate answers to your questions.

• Note down important questions before the meeting.

• Read carefully and study original documents of available.

• Journalists might have special right for access to information sources.• Information overflow, select.

Useful instruments

• Phonebook with many numbers amd emails

• PC archives

Exs.: www.news.google.com and …

Lexicon on the desk

Journalistic presentations

• “Comment is free, but facts are sacred”(C.P. Scott, Editor in chief, Manchester Guardian)

Clear separation between information and personal opinion

News

• What is a news?• John B. Bogart, local editor of US “Sun”, in

1880s: £When a dog bits a man, that’s not news, but when a man bites a dog, that’s news”

• In US Journalism: “Man-bites –dog Formula”.• US: “New is what’s different”• US: “If you seat on a news you burn your

backside”

News’ elements

1. Topicality

2. General interests

3. Construction (assembling) The “Ws”

4. Comprehensibility

5. Objectivity

15-20 lines – 1 minute

A News’s Definition

• A news is a communication “endeavored” to provide an information of general interest with objectivity on a fact in a clear (certain) construction.

Topicality

• What’s new today?• Difference between yesterday and today

• Recently discovered

• The EU Court of Auditors has just discovered that two years ago there was abuse in managing financial means of the structural funds.

General interests

• The general interest is not universal only; it can be related to Europe, a country, a region, a community…

• A catalog of interests:• Prominence( EP member in Timisoara)• Vicinity (our city)• Feeling , (emotion, something touching)• Progress, improvement (New incubatory in Timi)• An impacting decision (EU grant for a important project)• Conflict (A case at the EU CJ)• Drama• Curiosity ( EC Eurobarometer: data 27 EU MS)

Construction

• Essential, basic comes first

• The “LEAD” must answer to questions that public is likely to put.

• The following is replenishment, completion.

The six Ws + H1. Who?2. What?3. Where?4. When?5. Why6. Which source 7. How--Which quotation?

What and Who are usually the most importantWe can have many more “small” wsWhich age; what for a profession…

1. Hard news (censorship for EC)2. Soft news (an EU civil servant who was fired requires special social services)

Comprehensibility

• Write:- what you understand- clearly, vividly- With precision and accuracy- Give names: they give color and identity• Past history, background• Do not worry to repeat if you have doubts about clarity• Be attentive with metaphors• Find the fitting word (keep a good vocabulary on you desk

(Deutsch für Profis; DOP,Rai)• Banish the “Blähstil” ( He will come in his capacityin his capacity as

Commissioner – He will come as commissioner.• Short sentences• Prefer active

Objectivity

• From a journalist people expect truthful reporting!

• Facts, Facts and Facts, which are real and

• complete, entire, thoroughly presented.

• Comments, opinion are welcome, but separation is a MUST:

Objectivity…

• Do not gat involve emotionally and mix narration with opinion.

• “Der Geist is willing, aber das Fleisch ist schwach”.

• Clear separation doesn’t mean.

• Do not “sell” a personal opinion or statement like a generalized fact.

Objectivity…

• If you are impressed by a speech given by EP’s member in a public arena of Timisoara thinking that young people will follow his/her suggestions, don’t report it as granted but ask young people present what they think and repot is as their opinion (as quotations between “inverted commas” in case of written press.

Report (Bericht, de)

• R

A Report is a brother of a news, but bigger and also more mature.

The first sentence mast be the “Lead” and present the more important fact.

Quotations are good

A further W

• For whom do I make the repot?• General or well-directed (gezielt)• In a general regulation or directive find what is

interesting for Timi but don’t disregard the need to “educate” people about EU.

• ……the European directive, that contains goals to be reached and the member states must implement it accordingly, will provide for Romania substantial security for its citizens…

Reportage

• The Reportage is no substitute for news or report, but a completion, a supplementing.

• The reporter portrays, to gives an exhaustive account of what he/she has seen and realized, take accurate notes of all details.

• As concrete and illustrative as possible.

•

Reportage…

• A reportage begins with a general aspect and goes down in details.

• The reportage is not hierarchical.

• Highlight can be in the middle and at the end too.

Reportage ….

• A school composition begins with “general” and goes down with details.

• A Reportage begins with something special and details come after.

• John Taylor is working in the energy unity of the European Commission in Brussels, at the fourth floor of the Berlaymont, heart of the European quarter.

• He is one of the twenty thousand civil servants which the taxpayers of the 27 EU member states pay for.

Feature

• Reportage or Feature?

• Between real and abstract.

• Alarm in EP building in Strasburg.

• Policy comes. It’s a mouse.

Interview

1. Substance: (information about FSCTS)• To what extend will the directive X reduce the

cost of roaming2. Opinion: • What do you think about the Environment

directive? 3. Person: • Presentation of a person (EC Commissioner);

to outline her/him through his/her answers outline.

For an interview:

1. Prepare yourself as good as you can, and create an atmosphere so that she/he is more motivated to answer and considers the “conversation” serious.

2. Conduct a “conversation”: no interrogation and no chat.

3. Be prepared with questions and do not be “slave” of her/his preparation; free to react.

4. Put precise questions

For an interview…

5. Put questions you think they belong to the field of competence of your interview-part ner.

6. Do not put many questions all together (The interview-partner will try to pretend to forget what he/she would like to avoid.

7. Interviews among four eyes are usually more productive that in public.

A tug-of-war interview?

• Sometimes an interview can become a tug-of-war (Tauziehn), having “entertainment value”.

• ?Mr. Barroso, will you accept the compromise about the Irish referenda?

• Barroso: I can’t answer.

• ?How can it be, you are the EC President?

Correspondent report and analyze contribution

• The correspondent gives additional information that he/she can get from the “ambient” where She/he is (Barroso and Merkel has a short bilateral conversation before lunch)

• The correspondent interprets (the position of Sarkozy was much stronger in comparison with that of Berlusconi)

Correspondent report…

• The correspondent analyzes what was tolled in and interview.

EC President Prodi and Prime minister Berlusconi.• “He must know by himself his limits” – this Prodi-

words let suppose that the handshake between the them will be quite cool”.

Commentary

• Do we have substance for a commentary?

1. Is the statement really necessary?2. Does the general public really has

interest for the statement of should it at lest to be interested?

3. Does the substance belong to the few important themes for which there is space/time available?

Gloss –Ironic Commentary (Glosse)

• The difference between Gloss and Commentary is mainly in STYLE

• In a paper is usually in the same place

EP’s new President

• The European Parliament – composed of 750 members voted last June in the 27 countries of the Eurooean Union – has been elected today in Strasbourg with wide majority a new President.

• He is the 69-years-old former Polish Prime minister Jerzy Buzek, University professor for Energy Engineering, Chairman, in 1981, of the 1st National Congress of Delegates of "Solidarność“.

• Buzek is the first President of the European Parliament to come from Central and Eastern Europe.

• In 2004 he was elected for the first time member of the European Institution that he will chair now for two years and a half, till January 2012, when a new president will be elected for the remaining two years and a half of the term.

Buzek este presedinte• Parlamentul European – alcătuit din 750 de membri votaţi anul

trecut în iunie în cele 27 de ţări ale Uniunii Europene – şi-a ales astăzi la Strasbourg cu o largă majoritate noul preşedinte.

• Acesta are 69 de ani şi este fostul prim-ministru polonez, Jerzy Buzek, profesor universitar de Inginerie energetică, cel care a condus în 1981 primul Congres Naţional al Delegaţilor "Solidaritatea“.

• Buzek este primul preşedinte al Parlamentului European care provine din Europa Centrală şi de Est.

• Membru al Parlamentului European începând cu 2004, Buzek va prezida instituţia europeană pentru următorii doi ani şi jumătate, până în ianuarie 2012, când un nou preşedinte va fi ales pentru ceilalţi doi ani şi jumătate care rămân din prezentul mandat.

• Polish MEP Jerzy Buzek (EPP), born in Śmiłowice on 3 July 1940, has been elected Parliament's President for the next two and half years. The secret ballot took place today in Strasbourg, during the opening session of the new EP. Mr Buzek was elected with 555 votes. "It's both an enormous challenge and a great honour" Buzek said, mentioning the importance of understanding the needs of citizens, in order to "carry our work properly".

• He began his political career as an activist for the "Solidarity" trade union movement in Poland. He would later become Prime Minister of his country between 1997 and 2001. Jerzy Buzek participated in the accession negotiations and prepared the country for integration into the European Union.

•Elected MEP in 2004, after the accession of Poland, Buzek has been member of EP's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and the Parliament's delegation for relations with Ukraine. 

•Prior to the vote he introduced himself to fellow Members by saying "I am a scientist by profession" related to his background and training in that field.

• Deputatul polonez Jerzy Buzek (Grupul Partidului Popular European (Creştin Democrat), născut in Śmiłowice la data de 3 iulie 1940, este noul preşedinte al Parlamentului European pentru următorii doi ani şi jumătate. Domnul Buzek a fost ales în primul tur de scrutin cu 555 de voturi. „Este o mare provocare şi onoare", a declarat dânsul despre noua funcţie.

• Fost prim-ministru al Poloniei între 1997 şi 2001, Jerzy Buzek a luat parte la negocierile de aderare şi la pregătirile pentru integrarea Poloniei în Uniunea europeană.

•Ales deputat european în 2004, domnul Buzek a fost membru al Comisiei pentru Industrie, cercetare şi energie şi al Delegației Parlamentului European la Comisia parlamentară de cooperare (CPC) UE-Ucraina.

•Vorbind despre cele 10 state membre noi, al 13-lea preşedinte a PE consideră alegerea sa ca preşedinte „un tribut adresat milioanelor de cetăţeni care au luptat pentru democraţie" din statele din estul Europei.

•După ce i-a mulţumit doamnei deputat Eva-Britt Svensson (Grupul Confederal al Stângii Unite Europene/Stânga Verde Nordică) pentru candidatura sa, domnul Buzek a vorbit despre importanţa dezvoltării unor alianţe internaţionale.

•Noul preşedintele a anunţat că discursul său în care îşi va prezenta programul pentru următorii doi ani şi jumătate va fi prezentat în cadrul sesiunii plenare din septembrie.

•Fost lector universitar în ştiinţele tehnologice, Jerzy Buzek este Doctor Honoris Causa al Universităţilor din Dortmund, din Seul şi din Isparta, precum şi al şcolilor politehnice din Silezia şi Opole.