What is Matter?

Classifying Matter

Matter is used to describe anything that has mass and takes up space.

Matter can be divided into two categories: Mixtures: contain more than one kind of

matter and can be separated by physical means

Pure substances: may contain more than one kind of matter but can not be separated by physical means.

Mixtures can be split into two different categories: homogeneous and heterogeneous

Substances can be either an element or a compound

Pure

Mixtures Homogenous mixture is the

same throughout. Every sample of a homogenous mixture is the same.

Heterogeneous mixture is one in which different samples are not exactly the same.

Substances Some substances, like silver

contain only one kind of matter. These substances are called Elements (found on the periodic table!!!).

Substances made of two or more elements are called Compounds.

Substances can not be separated by sorting, filtering, heating, or cooling.

States of Matter

The smallest possible particle of a compound that retains the properties of the compound is a molecule.

The smallest possible particle of an element is called an atom.

States of Matter

Elements and compounds use usually found in one of three different states of matter: solid, liquid, gas.

Plasma-discussed soon

Kinetic Energy and State

The molecules in solids, liquids, and gases all vibrate differently

When a substance changes state, only the movement of the molecules change. The number of molecules does not change.

A solid retains its shape and size.

A liquid will take the shape of whatever container it is in.

Gases have neither a shape or size.

Changing State

The mass of the substance remains the same whether it is in a solid, liquid, or gas.

As temperature increases, the molecules movement increases

Plasma

Positive and negatively charged gas…..

But where do we encounter it?

Artificially Produced Plasma

Plasma displays, including TVs

Fluorescent lamps Neon signs

Arc welder or plasma torchThe area in front of a spacecraft’s heat shield during reentry into

the atmosphere

Rocket exhaust Plasma ball

Terrestrial plasmas

Lightning Flames

Ball lightning Sprites, elves, jets

Polar Auroras

Lets change our state…..

Solid

Gas

Liquid

Subl

imat

ion

Melting

Freezing

Dep

ositi

on

Evaporation

Or

Vaporization

Condensation

States of matter

How do we know if it is a solid liquid or gas?

Physical and Chemical Properties SUMMARY

PROPERTIES CHANGES

  PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL

 This should look familiar!!!  

     

  CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL CHANGES

CHEMICAL

   

Physical Properties

SUMMARY

PROPERTIES

  PHYSICAL PROPERTIES-can be observed and measured and include:

PHYSICAL

  Viscosity SOLUBLE IN ____ (water, oil)

Odor Malleable Ductile

Physical Change

CHANGES

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES- the substance stays the same in composition and can be identified by

A) change in SIZE or SHAPE

B)COLOR changes [like mixing paint] Ex: Red + White= pink

C) changes in STATE –if you find it on the triangle…it is a physical change!!!![melting, freezing, evaporation, etc.]

"DISSOLVES"

Phase Change Lab-Conclusion

Why did the temperature go down after the steam started?

What did your graph look like?

Chemical Property

  CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

CHEMICAL

HOW THE SUBSTANCE

REACTS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS !! {the chemical's "personality" - "Gets

along well with others!" "Hot tempered"}

EX: Reactivity with water Ph Reaction to temperature,

pressure Ability to ignite

Chemical Change

CHEMICAL CHANGES create new substances

and can be identified by :

1) COLOR changes [that cannot be explained by mixing paint] Ex: Red + White=Black

2)HEAT or LIGHT IS GIVEN OFF

3)GAS or BUBBLES PRODUCED 4) Unable to return to original substance Ex: flour + sugar + oil + water + eggs = Cake Can I change back to the original items?

Chemical Changes

SOME SAMPLE TERMS FOR CHEMICAL CHANGES:

• Produced • Yielded• Formed • Reacts to form• Created• A precipitate is formed• Forms new substance

Chemical Changes

How does a chemical change occur? Increase in temperature

Ex: Baking, fire

Rusting-water and iron Tarnish-jewelry, silver Sour-milk, food Light sensitivity-

H2O2 _-why is it in the brown bottle? If light hits it, it will not work anymore!

Kinetic Theory of Matter

Matter consists of a large number of small particles

Particles are in constant motion Collisions transfer energy

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass can not be created or destroyed Matter changes from one form to another, but the

total mass stays the same To observe this, the objects must be in a clsed

system Alka Seltzer in a bag